Abstract:
:Apoplastic transport barriers in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64) and corn (Zea mays L. cv. Helix) were isolated enzymatically. Following chemical degradation (monomerization, derivatization), the amounts of aliphatic and aromatic suberin monomers were analysed quantitatively by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In corn, suberin was determined for isolated endodermal (ECW) and rhizo-hypodermal (RHCW) cell walls. In rice, the strong lignification of the central cylinder (CC), did not allow the isolation of endodermal cell walls. Similarly, exodermal walls could not be separated from the rhizodermal and sclerenchyma cell layers. Suberin analyses of ECW and RHCW of rice, thus, refer to either the entire CC or to the entire outer part of the root (OPR), the latter lacking the inner cortical cell layer. In both species, aromatic suberin was mainly composed of coumaric and ferulic acids. Aliphatic suberin monomers released from rice and corn belonged to five substance classes: primary fatty acids, primary alcohols, diacids, omega-hydroxy fatty acids, and 2-hydroxy fatty acids, with omega-hydroxy fatty acids being the most prominent substance class. Qualitative composition of aliphatic suberin of rice was different from that of corn; (i) it was much less diverse, and (ii) besides monomers with chain lengths of C(16), a second maximum of C(28) was evident. In corn, C(24) monomers represented the most prominent class of chain lengths. When suberin quantities were related to surface areas of the respective tissues of interest (hypodermis and/or exodermis and endodermis), exodermal cell walls of rice contained, on average, six-times more aliphatic suberin than those of corn. In endodermal cell walls, amounts were 34 times greater in rice than in corn. Significantly higher amounts of suberin detected in the apoplastic barriers of rice corresponded with a substantially lower root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(r)) compared with corn, when water flow was driven by hydrostatic pressure gradients across the apoplast. As the OPR of rice is highly porous and permeable to water, it is argued that this holds true only for the endodermis. The results imply that some caution is required when discussing the role of suberin in terms of an efficient transport barrier for water. The simple view that only the quantity of suberin present is important, may not hold. A more detailed consideration of both the chemical nature of suberins and of the microstructure of deposits is required, i.e. how suberins impregnate wall pores.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Schreiber L,Franke R,Hartmann KD,Ranathunge K,Steudle Edoi
10.1093/jxb/eri144keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
1427-36issue
415eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
eri144journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Plants generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of their metabolism and in response to various external stress factors, potentially causing significant damage to biomolecules and cell structures. During the course of evolution, plants have adapted to ROS toxicity, and use ROS as signalling messengers that activa...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv044
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the most important changes that occur in plants during sexual reproduction involve the transition from a sporophytic to a gametophytic type of development. In this paper, these changes were evaluated for Arabidopsis thaliana. The results obtained clearly show differences in the pattern of distribution of speci...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm259
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pectin is a normal constituent of cell walls of green plants. When supplied externally to live cells or walls isolated from the large-celled green alga Chara corallina, pectin removes calcium from load-bearing cross-links in the wall, loosening the structure and allowing it to deform more rapidly under the action of t...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers089
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the general aim of elevating the content of the essential amino acid methionine in vegetative tissues of plants, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tobacco plants, as well as BY2 tobacco suspension cells, were transformed with a beta-zein::3HA gene under the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus encoding a rumen...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eri237
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seeds of two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, NW20 and N1601, were aged over a range of saturated salt solutions at temperatures between 6 degrees C and 55 degrees C. For each ecotype, the results from 37 storage experiments were summarized using the Ellis and Roberts viability equations and a modified version of the...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg103
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic response gene GIGANTEA (GI) and the florigen genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SIS...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw384
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although recent studies have established a significant regulatory role for abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins in plant pathogen resistance, it is not clear whether and how ABA performs this role. Previously, it was reported that an ERF protein, TSRF1, activates the expression of GCC box-co...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm353
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a non-model staple crop like wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.), functional validation of potential drought stress responsive genes identified in Arabidopsis could provide gene targets for breeding. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of genes of interest can overcome the inherent problems of polyploidy and limited tran...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert003
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polarized growth of pollen tubes is a critical step for successful reproduction in angiosperms and is controlled by ROP GTPases. Spatiotemporal activation of ROP (Rho GTPases of plants) necessitates a complex and sophisticated regulatory system, in which guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs) are key components...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert323
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small signalling peptides have emerged as important cell to cell messengers in plant development and stress responses. However, only a few of the predicted peptides have been functionally characterized. Here, we present functional characterization of two members of the IDA-LIKE (IDL) peptide family in Arabidopsis thal...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx168
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many stresses are associated with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polyamines (PAs). PAs act as ROS scavengers, but export of putrescine and/or PAs to the apoplast and their catabolization by amine oxidases gives rise to H2O2 and other ROS, including hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH). PA catabolizat...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert423
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auxin is an important regulator of many aspects of plant growth and development. During reproductive development, auxin specifies the site of flower initiation and subsequently regulates organ growth and patterning as well as later events that determine reproductive success. Underlying auxin action in plant tissues is...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/err127
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most rhizobial strains inhibit rice root growth in the presence of calcium or potassium nitrates, but not ammonium nitrate. Certain rhizobial strains, however, such as strain R4, do not inhibit rice growth and can enter rice roots and multiply in the intercellular spaces. By using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) a...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm181
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among three AO isoforms detected in pea plants, the activity of PAO-1 was dominant in leaves of seedlings and young leaves of mature plants, while PAO-3 revealed the highest band intensity in old leaves and roots. PAO-1 and PAO-3 are homodimers consisting of 145 kDa and 140 kDa subunits, respectively, while PAO-2 is a...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh134
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma membranes were isolated using the aqueous polymer two-phase partition method from the algae Chara corallina and Chara longifolia, algae which differ in their ability to grow in saline environments. Enrichment of plasma membrane and depletion of tonoplast relative to the microsomal fraction was monitored using p...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/47.4.589
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to K deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers238
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytocystatins are inhibitors of cysteine proteinases from plants putatively involved in defence and as endogenous regulators of protein turnover. Seven genes encoding cystatins (HvCPI-1 to HvCPI-7), identified from EST collections and from an endosperm cDNA library, have been characterized. The intron-exon structure ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl200
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phi thickenings are specialized secondary walls found in root cortical cells. Despite their widespread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom, these specialized thickenings remain poorly understood. First identified by Van Tieghem in 1871, phi thickenings are a lignified and thickened cell wall band that is deposited...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz240
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Oleoresin produced and stored in pine tree leaves provides direct resistance to herbivores, while leaf volatile terpenes (LVT) in the resin are also powerful airborne infochemicals. Resin concentration and profile show considerable spatial and temporal phenotypic variation within and among pine populations. LVT bioche...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq246
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out in legume root nodules requires transition metals. These nutrients are delivered by the host plant to the endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria living within the nodule cells, a process in which vascular transport is essential. As members of the Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa390
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Mate choice is an essential process during sexual plant reproduction, in which self-incompatibility (SI) is widely adopted as an intraspecific reproductive barrier to inhibit self-fertilization by many flowering plants. Genetic studies show that a single polymorphic S-locus, encoding at least two components from both ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp381
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axenically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants were analysed for the occurrence of trehalose. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, trehalose was unambiguously identified in extracts from Arabidopsis inflorescences. In a variety of organisms, the synthesis of trehalose is catalysed by trehalose-6-...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.362.1817
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants have evolved and adapted to different environments. Dwarfism is an adaptive trait of plants that helps them avoid high-energy costs under unfavourable conditions. The role of gibberellin (GA) in plant development has been well established. Several plant dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs) ha...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers295
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The harpin protein Hpa1 has multiple beneficial effects in plants, promoting plant growth and development, increasing crop yield, and inducing resistance to pathogens and insect pests. For these effects, the 10-40 residue fragment (Hpa1₁₀₋₄₂) isolated from the Hpa1 sequence is 1.3- to 7.5-fold more effective than the ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert488
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Futile plasma membrane cycling of ammonium (NH4+) is characteristic of low-affinity NH4+ transport, and has been proposed to be a critical factor in NH4+ toxicity. Using unidirectional flux analysis with the positron-emitting tracer 13N in intact seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), it is shown that rapid, futile...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm309
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase and structural defence responses were studied in leaves of wheat either resistant or susceptible to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Septoria tritici. Resistance was associated with an early accumulation of beta-1,3-glucanase and ch...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp269
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auxin is an essential regulator of plant growth and development, and auxin signaling components are conserved among land plants. Yet, a remarkable degree of natural variation in physiological and transcriptional auxin responses has been described among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. As intraspecies comparisons offer...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw457
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical and recently found phytohormones play an important role in plant growth and development, but plants additionally control these processes through small signalling peptides. Over 1000 potential small signalling peptide sequences are present in the Arabidopsis genome. However, to date, a mere handful of small s...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert283
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Notwithstanding the economic importance of non-climacteric fruits like grape and strawberry, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate their ripening. Up to now no growth regulator has emerged with a primary role similar to that played by ethylene in the ripening of the climacteric fruits. Strawberries can pr...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eri202
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) spray application on gas-exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, Rubisco activity, and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 3) plants grown in a greenhouse. EBR significantly increased the light-saturated net CO(2)...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh124
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00