Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Public satisfaction with policy process influences the legitimacy and acceptance of policies, and conditions the future political process, especially when contending ethical value judgments are involved. On the other hand, public involvement is required if effective policy is to be developed and accepted. METHODS:Using the data from a large-scale national opinion survey, this study evaluates public appraisal of past government efforts to legalize organ transplant from brain-dead bodies in Japan, and examines the public's intent to participate in future policy. RESULTS:A relatively large percentage of people became aware of the issue when government actions were initiated, and many increasingly formed their own opinions on the policy in question. However, a significant number (43.3%) remained unaware of any legislative efforts, and only 26.3% of those who were aware provided positive appraisals of the policymaking process. Furthermore, a majority of respondents (61.8%) indicated unwillingness to participate in future policy discussions of bioethical issues. Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors are associated with positive appraisals of policy development: greater age; earlier opinion formation; and familiarity with donor cards. Factors associated with likelihood of future participation in policy discussion include younger age, earlier attention to the issue, and knowledge of past government efforts. Those unwilling to participate cited as their reasons that experts are more knowledgeable and that the issues are too complex. CONCLUSIONS:Results of an opinion survey in Japan were presented, and a set of factors statistically associated with them were discussed. Further efforts to improve policy making process on bioethical issues are desirable.
journal_name
BMC Med Ethicsjournal_title
BMC medical ethicsauthors
Sato H,Akabayashi A,Kai Idoi
10.1186/1472-6939-6-1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-20 00:00:00pages
E1issn
1472-6939pii
1472-6939-6-1journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, has been widely cited in media and bioethics literature on cognitive enhancement (CE) as having the potential to improve the cognitive ability of healthy individuals. In both literatures, this claim has been repeatedly...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-37
更新日期:2014-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to significantly advance medical knowledge. However, sharing of such resources for international collabo...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-020-0448-9
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV prevention research in resource-limited countries is associated with a variety of ethical dilemmas. Key amongst these is the question of what constitutes an appropriate standard of health care (SoC) for participants in HIV prevention trials. This paper describes a community-focused approach to develop a ...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-10-17
更新日期:2009-10-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence concerning how Japanese physicians think and behave in specific clinical situations that involve withholding or withdrawal of medical interventions for end-of-life or frail elderly patients is yet insufficient. METHODS:To analyze decisions and actions concerning the withholding/withdrawal of life-s...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-7
更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased use of human biological material for cell-based research and clinical interventions poses risks to the privacy of patients and donors, including the possibility of re-identification of individuals from anonymized cell lines and associated genetic data. These risks will increase as technologies ...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-7
更新日期:2014-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:South Africa currently has a pluralistic health care system with separate public and private sectors. It is, however, moving towards a socialised model with the introduction of National Health Insurance. The South African legislative environment has changed recently with the promulgation of the Consumer Prot...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-14-15
更新日期:2013-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Implementation science research, especially when using participatory and co-design approaches, raises unique challenges for research ethics committees. Such challenges may be poorly addressed by approval and governance mechanisms that were developed for more traditional research approaches such as randomised...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0072-2
更新日期:2015-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The generation of evidence is integral to the work of public health and health service providers. Traditionally, ethics has been addressed differently in research projects, compared with other forms of evidence generation, such as quality improvement, program evaluation, and surveillance, with review of non-...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-61
更新日期:2014-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Community engagement (CE) models have provided much needed guidance for researchers to conceptualise and design engagement strategies for research projects. Most of the published strategies, however, still show very limited contribution of the community to the engagement process. One way of achieving this is...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0236-3
更新日期:2017-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regardless of national contexts, the institutions responsible for research ethics, founded on international regulations, are all expected to be structured and to operate in a common way. Our experience with several countries on different continents, however, has raised questions in this regard. This article ...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0284-3
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of empirical research methods in bioethics has been increasing in the last decades. It has resulted in discussions about the 'empirical turn of bioethics' and raised questions related to the value of empirical work for this field, methodological questions about its quality and rigor, and how this int...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0239-0
更新日期:2017-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and the associated treatment ("liberation therapy") received little more than passing interest in the international scientific and medical communities, hi...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-14-6
更新日期:2013-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The boundaries between health-related research and practice have become blurred as initiatives traditionally considered to be practice (e.g., quality improvement, program evaluation) increasingly use the same methodology as research. Further, the application of different ethical requirements based on this di...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0039-3
更新日期:2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal models of human diseases are often used in biomedical research in place of human subjects. However, results obtained by animal models may fail to hold true for humans. One way of addressing this problem is to make animal models more similar to humans by placing human tissue into animal models, renderi...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0345-2
更新日期:2019-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The past 10 years have witnessed a significant growth in sharing of health data for secondary uses. Alongside this there has been growing interest in the public acceptability of data sharing and data linkage practices. Public acceptance is recognised as crucial for ensuring the legitimacy of current practice...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0153-x
更新日期:2016-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With a growing number of genetic tests becoming available to the health and consumer markets, genetic health care providers in Canada are faced with the challenge of developing robust decision rules or guidelines to allocate a finite number of public resources. The objective of this study was to gain Canadia...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-10-6
更新日期:2009-06-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few empirical studies have been found that explore ethical challenges among persons in high public positions that are responsible for elder care. The aim of this paper was to illuminate the meaning of being in ethically difficult situations related to elder care as experienced by high level decision-makers. ...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-3
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Community consultation is increasingly recommended, and in some cases, required by ethical review boards for research that involves higher levels of ethical risk such as international research and research with vulnerable populations. In designing a randomised control trial of a mental health intervention us...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0032-x
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When conducting research with Indigenous populations consent should be sought from both individual participants and the local community. We aimed to search and summarise the literature about methods for seeking consent for research with Indigenous populations. METHODS:A systematic literature search was cond...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0139-8
更新日期:2016-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Africa continues to bear a disproportionate share of the global HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria burden. The development and distribution of safe, effective and affordable vaccines is critical to reduce these epidemics. However, conducting HIV/AIDS, TB, and/or malaria vaccine trials simultaneously in ...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6939-11-3
更新日期:2010-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper explores ethical concerns arising in healthcare integration. We argue that integration is necessary imperative for meeting contemporary and future healthcare challenges, a far stronger evidence base for the conditions of its effectiveness is required. In particular, given the increasing emphasis a...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0386-6
更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In August 2017, Chile lifted its complete ban on abortion by permitting abortion in three limited circumstances: 1) to save a woman's life, 2) lethal fetal anomaly, and 3) rape. The new law allows regulated use of conscientious objection (CO) in abortion care, including allowing institutions to register as o...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00484-4
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Family members do not have an official position in the practice of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide (EAS) in the Netherlands according to statutory regulations and related guidelines. However, recent empirical findings on the influence of family members on EAS decision-making raise practical and eth...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0361-2
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Expectations of receiving personal health information as a fringe benefit of biospecimen donation-termed diagnostic misconception-are increasingly documented. We developed an instrument measuring conflation of observational biospecimen-based research and clinical care for use with Latino communities, who may...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0041-9
更新日期:2015-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plagiarism is considered as serious research misconduct, together with data fabrication and falsification. However, little is known about biomedical researchers' views on plagiarism. Moreover, it has been argued - based on limited empirical evidence - that perceptions of plagiarism depend on cultural and oth...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00473-7
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs) are well established at healthcare institutions in resource-rich countries. However, there is limited information on established CECs in resource poor countries, especially in Africa. This study aimed to establish baseline data regarding existing formal CECs in Africa to rai...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00559-2
更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several charters of rights have been issued in Europe to solemnly proclaim the rights of children during their hospital stay. However, notwithstanding such general declarations, the actual implementation of hospitalized children's rights is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand to which extent...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0021-0
更新日期:2015-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Institutional review boards (IRBs) distinguish health care quality improvement (QI) and health care quality improvement research (QIR) based primarily on the rigor of the methods used and the purported generalizability of the knowledge gained. Neither of these criteria holds up upon scrutiny. Rather, this ap...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0056-2
更新日期:2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of tissue collected at a forensic post-mortem for forensic genetics research purposes remains of ethical concern as the process involves obtaining informed consent from grieving family members. Two forensic genetics research studies using tissue collected from a forensic post-mortem were recently ini...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0225-6
更新日期:2017-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biomarker research is gaining increasing attention focusing on the preclinical stages of the disease. Such interest requires special attention for communication and disclosure in clinical contexts. Many countries give dementia a high health policy priority by developing national strategies and by improving g...
journal_title:BMC medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00476-4
更新日期:2020-05-11 00:00:00