The chemical dynamics of NO and reactive nitrogen oxides: a practical guide.

Abstract:

:Nitric oxide has emerged as one of the most important and diverse players in physiology. This small diatomic radical stunned researchers because of its existence and unique biological properties in human physiology. Over the last two decades it was found that NO often has fickle behavior in pathophysiological mechanisms. Where benefiting the host in one case yet inducing and augmenting injury in another. This has lead to confusion in is NO good or bad? Much of the answers to this dichotomy lies in the chemistry of NO and its related nitrogen oxide species. To help understand the complex chemistry with perspective to biology, a discussion on the chemical biology of NO is useful. The chemical biology defines the relevant chemical reaction of NO and nitrogen monoxide in the context of the biological conditions. We discuss in this article the chemistry of nitrogen oxide with different types of biological motifs. Reaction of NO with metal complexes and radicals require low concentration, where formation of reactive nitrogen oxide species require considerably higher amounts and generally are isolated to specific microenvironments in vivo. Though many reactive nitrogen oxide species are formed from chemical reactions with NO, there are several which appear to not require NO to be present, HNO and NO(2). These two species have unique physiological effects and represent additional complexity to this biological picture. From this discussion, a picture can be formed concerning the possible chemical dynamics, which can be plausible in different biological mechanisms.

journal_name

Curr Mol Med

authors

Mancardi D,Ridnour LA,Thomas DD,Katori T,Tocchetti CG,Espey MG,Miranda KM,Paolocci N,Wink DA

doi

10.2174/1566524043359854

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-11-01 00:00:00

pages

723-40

issue

7

eissn

1566-5240

issn

1875-5666

journal_volume

4

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Overview of the molecular bases of resistance to chemotherapy in liver and gastrointestinal tumours.

    abstract::Primary malignancies of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract constitute one of the main health problems worldwide. Together, these types of tumour are the first cause of death due to cancer, followed by lung and breast cancer respectively. One important limitation in the treatment of these tumours is that, with a ...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652409789839125

    authors: Marin JJ,Romero MR,Martinez-Becerra P,Herraez E,Briz O

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Structural diversity and specific recognition of four stranded G-quadruplex DNA.

    abstract::Structural multitude of nucleic acids serves basis for its multiple merits and applications. During structural transitions, significant to perform respective cellular functions, these DNA forms can vary from the single stranded to multi-stranded species. Hence, beyond the image of a monotonous DNA double-helix, there ...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652411798062421

    authors: Kaushik M,Kaushik S,Bansal A,Saxena S,Kukreti S

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Beyond the cardiac myofilament: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- associated mutations in genes that encode calcium-handling proteins.

    abstract::Traditionally regarded as a genetic disease of the cardiac sarcomere, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of sudden cardiac death. While the most common etiologies of this phenotypically diverse disease lie in a handful of genes encoding critica...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/156652412800620020

    authors: Landstrom AP,Ackerman MJ

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Glycogen and its metabolism.

    abstract::Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose which serves as a reservoir of glucose units. The two largest deposits in mammals are in the liver and skeletal muscle but many cells are capable synthesizing glycogen. Its accumulation and utilization are under elaborate controls involving primarily covalent phosphorylation a...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524024605761

    authors: Roach PJ

    更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular mechanisms underlying specificity of excitotoxic signaling in neurons.

    abstract::The central role of glutamate receptors in mediating excitotoxic neuronal death in stroke, epilepsy and trauma has been well established. Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid transmitter within the CNS and it's signaling is mediated by a number of postsynaptic ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Although ca...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524043479202

    authors: Aarts MM,Tymianski M

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • Adipokine Visfatin's Role in Pathogenesis of Diabesity and Related Metabolic Derangements.

    abstract::Visfatin is one of the prominent adipokines secreted by adipose tissue. The level of visfatin increases significantly in persons with obesity owing to increased body mass index (BMI). During obesity, the adipocytes, which populate adipose tissue, undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia and secrete a number of adipocytokin...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524018666180705114131

    authors: Kumari B,Yadav UCS

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory cardiovascular disorder.

    abstract::Type 2 diabetes carries a 2-6-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Indeed, the risk of major cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetic patients without history of coronary heart disease (CHD) is equivalent to that observed in non-diabetic subjects with CHD. However, atherosclerosis may also pr...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524053766095

    authors: Ziegler D

    更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00

  • Association of Genetic Variants with Colorectal Cancer in the Extended MENA Region: A Systematic Review.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. It is a heterogeneous disease that develops through different genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. To date, no comprehensive systematic review investigating genetic risk factors for familial a...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524019666191014170136

    authors: Sidenna M,Bux R,Fadl T,Ozbek U,Zayed H

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Membrane and soluble forms of endoglin in preeclampsia.

    abstract::Preeclampsia is a disease of high incidence in pregnant women which complicates pregnancy and may lead to the death of mother and baby. Preeclampsia is characterized by a series of clinical features such as hypertension and proteinuria associated with endothelial dysfunction. Although the causes of disease have not be...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/15665240113139990058

    authors: Oujo B,Perez-Barriocanal F,Bernabeu C,Lopez-Novoa JM

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Membrane Fusion Mediated Targeted Cytosolic Drug Delivery Through scFv Engineered Sendai Viral Envelopes.

    abstract::Antibody targeted cytoplasmic delivery of drugs is difficult to achieve as antigen-antibody interaction results in the payload being directed to the endosomal compartment. However, Sendai viral envelopes can bring about cytoplasmic delivery due to F-protein mediated membrane fusion. In this study we have generated and...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524015666150505155949

    authors: Kumar M,Mani P,Pratheesh P,Chandra S,Jeyakkodi M,Chattopadhyay P,Sarkar DP,Sinha S

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis from basic biochemistry to clinical studies.

    abstract::Although it has been known for long time that atherosclerosis is associated with lipid deposition, only recently it has been accepted that the plasmatic concentration of cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, chemically modified LDL, but not native LDL, is able to induc...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524023362177

    authors: Albertini R,Moratti R,De Luca G

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • RAN GTPase as a target for cancer therapy: Ran binding proteins.

    abstract::The identification of a relevant effector of Ran GTPase (Ran) signaling and its pathways could provide a novel approach to cancer therapeutics. With recent research highlighting the significant relationship between Ran expression and the occurrence and progression of cancer, the development of a small molecule compoun...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652411797536688

    authors: Doherty KJ,McKay C,Chan KK,El-Tanani MK

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Islet cell transplantation.

    abstract::Islet cell transplantation is an attractive alternative therapy to conventional insulin treatment or vascularized whole pancreas transplantation for type 1 diabetic patients. It represents a successful example of somatic cell therapy in humans based on complex procedures for islet isolation from whole pancreas. The is...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652406777435453

    authors: Bertuzzi F,Marzorati S,Secchi A

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Immune tolerance elicited via unique ocular and oral routes.

    abstract::Immune tolerance can be induced by numerous methods. This review article aims to draw lines of similarity and contrast between two unique models of immune tolerance, namely Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) and Nickel-induced oral tolerance. ACAID is an immune tolerance model that leads to the gener...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524015666150114114602

    authors: Ashour HM

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular Investigations of the Newly Synthesized Azomethines as Antioxidants: Theoretical and Experimental Studies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In this study, the antioxidant property of new synthesized azomethins has been investigated as theoretical and experimental. METHODS AND RESULTS:Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE), Mulliken Charges, NBO analysis, Ionization Potential (IP), Electr...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524019666190509102620

    authors: Shahab S,Sheikhi M,Filippovich L,Dikusar E,Pazniak A,Rouhani M,Kumar R

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • The dual role of interleukin-25 in the control of immune-mediated pathologies.

    abstract::Interleukin-25 (IL-25) plays a key role in the initiation and expansion of T helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated immune responses, thereby contributing to allergic diseases and host defense against helminthic parasites. More recent studies have however shown that IL-25 can also control the function of non-T cells, such as ant...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652411794474365

    authors: Caruso R,Stolfi C,De Nitto D,Pallone F,Monteleone G

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • The Impact of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genomic Engineering on Biomedical Research and Medicine.

    abstract::There has been prolonged and significant interest in manipulating the genome for a wide range of applications in biomedical research and medicine. An existing challenge in realizing this potential has been the inability to precisely edit specific DNA sequences. Past efforts to generate targeted double stranded DNA cle...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524016666160316150847

    authors: Go DE,Stottmann RW

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immune responses to asexual blood-stages of malaria parasites.

    abstract::The blood stage of the malaria parasite's life cycle is responsible for all the clinical symptoms of malaria. The development of clinical disease is dependent on the interplay of the infecting parasite with the immune status and genetic background of the host. Following repeated exposure to malaria parasites, individu...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652406776055212

    authors: Yazdani SS,Mukherjee P,Chauhan VS,Chitnis CE

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Medullary thyroid cancer: a promising model for targeted therapy.

    abstract::In recent years, the clinical validation of molecular targeted therapies inhibiting the action of pathogenic tyrosine kinase (TK) has been one of the most exciting developments in cancer research. In this context, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents a promising model. It is well known that in MTC, the RET rec...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652410792630607

    authors: Torino F,Paragliola RM,Barnabei A,Corsello SM

    更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00

  • Fibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: Emerging Epidemiological Associations and Shared Pathophysiology.

    abstract::Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent disorder defined by the presence of chronic widespread pain in association with fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies indicate that bipolar spectrum disorders frequently co-occur in individuals with FM. Furthermore, shared pathophysiological mechanisms a...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524016666160126144027

    authors: Bortolato B,Berk M,Maes M,McIntyre RS,Carvalho AF

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neurodevelopment and mood stabilizers.

    abstract::Mood disorders and schizophrenia share a number of common properties, including: genetic susceptibility; differences in brain structure and drug based therapy. Some genetic loci may even confer susceptibility for bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia, and some atypical antipsychotic drugs are used as mood stabilizer...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524033479672

    authors: Harwood AJ

    更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00

  • Forward programming of pluripotent stem cells to neurons.

    abstract::Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are powerful tools for studying developmental biology and neuronal diseases. Conventional differentiation protocols require several intermediate states and different culture conditions, inefficiently generating mixed subtypes of neuronal cells with immature characteristics. Direct program...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524020666200421115251

    authors: Gu J,Cromer B,Sumer H

    更新日期:2020-04-21 00:00:00

  • Growth regulation in the mycobacterial cell.

    abstract::A framework was developed to provide an integrated view of mycobacterial growth and its regulation. The topics reviewed include the properties of cell cultures and their relation to properties of individual cells, cell sizes and macromolecular compositions, uptake of nutrients through the cell envelope, protein biosyn...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652407780598584

    authors: Cox RA,Cook GM

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of the Differential Expression Patterns of Sumoylation Enzymes E1, E2 and E3 in Ocular Cell Lines.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Protein sumoylation is a well established regulatory mechanism to control many cellular processes such as chromatin structure dynamics, transcriptional regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell transformation and carcinogenesis, autophagy and senescence. In the vertebrate visio...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524019666190112143636

    authors: Nie Q,Xie J,Gong X,Luo Z,Wang L,Liu F,Xiang JW,Xiao Y,Fu JL,Liu Y,Chen Z,Yang L,Chen H,Gan Y,Li DW

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Apoptosis and oxidative stress-related diseases: the p66Shc connection.

    abstract::p66Shc is the only known proapoptotic member of the Shc protein family of molecular adaptors. Through its redox activity, p66Shc oxidates cytochrome-c, leading to increased ROS production and, eventually, to apoptosis. p66Shc has been implicated in the control of oxidative stress and life span in mammals. In this revi...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652409787847254

    authors: Pellegrini M,Baldari CT

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • The many faces of glutathione transferase pi.

    abstract::Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-pi, GSTP) is known to strongly affect human susceptibility to several cancers, asthma and neurodegenerative disorders. As with other glutathione transferases, it catalyses the addition of reduced glutathione to electrophilic species, and it is important in metabolite detoxification. It ...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652411794859278

    authors: Vasieva O

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • A review of studies on targeting interleukin 4 receptor for central nervous system malignancy.

    abstract::Despite advances in biomedical sciences, the prognosis of patients with brain tumors remains poor. Effective treatment is lacking for these central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Targeted immunotoxins are a new class of therapeutic approaches that have emerged for the treatment of human cancers. In this approach, tumor...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/156652409788970661

    authors: Puri S,Puri S,Mahapatra AK,Hussain E,Sarkar C,Sinha S,Joshi BH

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of autophagy strengthens celastrol-induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo models.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid, could induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is protective autophagy after celastrol treatment in pancreatic cancer cells and the synergistic effects of celastrol and 3-MA in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:T...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1566524014666140414211223

    authors: Zhao X,Gao S,Ren H,Huang H,Ji W,Hao J

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Direct conversion of dermal fibroblasts into neural progenitor cells by a novel cocktail of defined factors.

    abstract::The generation of functional neural progenitor cells (NPCs) independent of donor brain tissue and embryonic tissues is of great therapeutic interest with regard to regenerative medicine and the possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Traditionally, NPCs are derived through the differentiation of embryonic s...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/156652412798889018

    authors: Tian C,Ambroz RJ,Sun L,Wang Y,Ma K,Chen Q,Zhu B,Zheng JC

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • The role of transcriptome analysis in pre-clinical toxicology.

    abstract::A major benefit of the genomics revolution in biomedical research has been the establishment of transcriptome analysis as an enabling technology in the drug development process. Nowhere in the realm of drug development has the expectation of the impact of transcriptome analysis been greater than in the area of pre-cli...

    journal_title:Current molecular medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1566524053152825

    authors: Searfoss GH,Ryan TP,Jolly RA

    更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00