Abstract:
:Nitric oxide has emerged as one of the most important and diverse players in physiology. This small diatomic radical stunned researchers because of its existence and unique biological properties in human physiology. Over the last two decades it was found that NO often has fickle behavior in pathophysiological mechanisms. Where benefiting the host in one case yet inducing and augmenting injury in another. This has lead to confusion in is NO good or bad? Much of the answers to this dichotomy lies in the chemistry of NO and its related nitrogen oxide species. To help understand the complex chemistry with perspective to biology, a discussion on the chemical biology of NO is useful. The chemical biology defines the relevant chemical reaction of NO and nitrogen monoxide in the context of the biological conditions. We discuss in this article the chemistry of nitrogen oxide with different types of biological motifs. Reaction of NO with metal complexes and radicals require low concentration, where formation of reactive nitrogen oxide species require considerably higher amounts and generally are isolated to specific microenvironments in vivo. Though many reactive nitrogen oxide species are formed from chemical reactions with NO, there are several which appear to not require NO to be present, HNO and NO(2). These two species have unique physiological effects and represent additional complexity to this biological picture. From this discussion, a picture can be formed concerning the possible chemical dynamics, which can be plausible in different biological mechanisms.
journal_name
Curr Mol Medjournal_title
Current molecular medicineauthors
Mancardi D,Ridnour LA,Thomas DD,Katori T,Tocchetti CG,Espey MG,Miranda KM,Paolocci N,Wink DAdoi
10.2174/1566524043359854keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
723-40issue
7eissn
1566-5240issn
1875-5666journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Primary malignancies of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract constitute one of the main health problems worldwide. Together, these types of tumour are the first cause of death due to cancer, followed by lung and breast cancer respectively. One important limitation in the treatment of these tumours is that, with a ...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652409789839125
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural multitude of nucleic acids serves basis for its multiple merits and applications. During structural transitions, significant to perform respective cellular functions, these DNA forms can vary from the single stranded to multi-stranded species. Hence, beyond the image of a monotonous DNA double-helix, there ...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652411798062421
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally regarded as a genetic disease of the cardiac sarcomere, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of sudden cardiac death. While the most common etiologies of this phenotypically diverse disease lie in a handful of genes encoding critica...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/156652412800620020
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose which serves as a reservoir of glucose units. The two largest deposits in mammals are in the liver and skeletal muscle but many cells are capable synthesizing glycogen. Its accumulation and utilization are under elaborate controls involving primarily covalent phosphorylation a...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524024605761
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central role of glutamate receptors in mediating excitotoxic neuronal death in stroke, epilepsy and trauma has been well established. Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid transmitter within the CNS and it's signaling is mediated by a number of postsynaptic ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Although ca...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524043479202
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visfatin is one of the prominent adipokines secreted by adipose tissue. The level of visfatin increases significantly in persons with obesity owing to increased body mass index (BMI). During obesity, the adipocytes, which populate adipose tissue, undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia and secrete a number of adipocytokin...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524018666180705114131
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes carries a 2-6-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Indeed, the risk of major cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetic patients without history of coronary heart disease (CHD) is equivalent to that observed in non-diabetic subjects with CHD. However, atherosclerosis may also pr...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524053766095
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. It is a heterogeneous disease that develops through different genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. To date, no comprehensive systematic review investigating genetic risk factors for familial a...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524019666191014170136
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia is a disease of high incidence in pregnant women which complicates pregnancy and may lead to the death of mother and baby. Preeclampsia is characterized by a series of clinical features such as hypertension and proteinuria associated with endothelial dysfunction. Although the causes of disease have not be...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/15665240113139990058
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody targeted cytoplasmic delivery of drugs is difficult to achieve as antigen-antibody interaction results in the payload being directed to the endosomal compartment. However, Sendai viral envelopes can bring about cytoplasmic delivery due to F-protein mediated membrane fusion. In this study we have generated and...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524015666150505155949
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it has been known for long time that atherosclerosis is associated with lipid deposition, only recently it has been accepted that the plasmatic concentration of cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, chemically modified LDL, but not native LDL, is able to induc...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524023362177
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of a relevant effector of Ran GTPase (Ran) signaling and its pathways could provide a novel approach to cancer therapeutics. With recent research highlighting the significant relationship between Ran expression and the occurrence and progression of cancer, the development of a small molecule compoun...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652411797536688
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Islet cell transplantation is an attractive alternative therapy to conventional insulin treatment or vascularized whole pancreas transplantation for type 1 diabetic patients. It represents a successful example of somatic cell therapy in humans based on complex procedures for islet isolation from whole pancreas. The is...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652406777435453
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune tolerance can be induced by numerous methods. This review article aims to draw lines of similarity and contrast between two unique models of immune tolerance, namely Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) and Nickel-induced oral tolerance. ACAID is an immune tolerance model that leads to the gener...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524015666150114114602
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In this study, the antioxidant property of new synthesized azomethins has been investigated as theoretical and experimental. METHODS AND RESULTS:Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE), Mulliken Charges, NBO analysis, Ionization Potential (IP), Electr...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524019666190509102620
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-25 (IL-25) plays a key role in the initiation and expansion of T helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated immune responses, thereby contributing to allergic diseases and host defense against helminthic parasites. More recent studies have however shown that IL-25 can also control the function of non-T cells, such as ant...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652411794474365
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been prolonged and significant interest in manipulating the genome for a wide range of applications in biomedical research and medicine. An existing challenge in realizing this potential has been the inability to precisely edit specific DNA sequences. Past efforts to generate targeted double stranded DNA cle...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524016666160316150847
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood stage of the malaria parasite's life cycle is responsible for all the clinical symptoms of malaria. The development of clinical disease is dependent on the interplay of the infecting parasite with the immune status and genetic background of the host. Following repeated exposure to malaria parasites, individu...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652406776055212
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the clinical validation of molecular targeted therapies inhibiting the action of pathogenic tyrosine kinase (TK) has been one of the most exciting developments in cancer research. In this context, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents a promising model. It is well known that in MTC, the RET rec...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652410792630607
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent disorder defined by the presence of chronic widespread pain in association with fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies indicate that bipolar spectrum disorders frequently co-occur in individuals with FM. Furthermore, shared pathophysiological mechanisms a...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524016666160126144027
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mood disorders and schizophrenia share a number of common properties, including: genetic susceptibility; differences in brain structure and drug based therapy. Some genetic loci may even confer susceptibility for bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia, and some atypical antipsychotic drugs are used as mood stabilizer...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524033479672
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are powerful tools for studying developmental biology and neuronal diseases. Conventional differentiation protocols require several intermediate states and different culture conditions, inefficiently generating mixed subtypes of neuronal cells with immature characteristics. Direct program...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524020666200421115251
更新日期:2020-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::A framework was developed to provide an integrated view of mycobacterial growth and its regulation. The topics reviewed include the properties of cell cultures and their relation to properties of individual cells, cell sizes and macromolecular compositions, uptake of nutrients through the cell envelope, protein biosyn...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652407780598584
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Protein sumoylation is a well established regulatory mechanism to control many cellular processes such as chromatin structure dynamics, transcriptional regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell transformation and carcinogenesis, autophagy and senescence. In the vertebrate visio...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524019666190112143636
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::p66Shc is the only known proapoptotic member of the Shc protein family of molecular adaptors. Through its redox activity, p66Shc oxidates cytochrome-c, leading to increased ROS production and, eventually, to apoptosis. p66Shc has been implicated in the control of oxidative stress and life span in mammals. In this revi...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652409787847254
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-pi, GSTP) is known to strongly affect human susceptibility to several cancers, asthma and neurodegenerative disorders. As with other glutathione transferases, it catalyses the addition of reduced glutathione to electrophilic species, and it is important in metabolite detoxification. It ...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652411794859278
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in biomedical sciences, the prognosis of patients with brain tumors remains poor. Effective treatment is lacking for these central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Targeted immunotoxins are a new class of therapeutic approaches that have emerged for the treatment of human cancers. In this approach, tumor...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/156652409788970661
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid, could induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is protective autophagy after celastrol treatment in pancreatic cancer cells and the synergistic effects of celastrol and 3-MA in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:T...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1566524014666140414211223
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of functional neural progenitor cells (NPCs) independent of donor brain tissue and embryonic tissues is of great therapeutic interest with regard to regenerative medicine and the possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Traditionally, NPCs are derived through the differentiation of embryonic s...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/156652412798889018
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major benefit of the genomics revolution in biomedical research has been the establishment of transcriptome analysis as an enabling technology in the drug development process. Nowhere in the realm of drug development has the expectation of the impact of transcriptome analysis been greater than in the area of pre-cli...
journal_title:Current molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1566524053152825
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00