Abstract：
:Anecdotal evidence suggests the widespread usage of anabolic steroids among athletes (20-90%), particularly at the professional and elite amateur levels. In contrast, scientific studies indicate that usage is rare and no higher than 6%. Conclusions from scientific studies suggest that anabolic steroid usage declines progressively from high school to college and beyond; however, anecdotal evidence claims the opposite trend. In this clash between "hard" scientific data vs. "soft" anecdotal information, it is natural that professionals would gravitate toward scientifically based conclusions. However, in the case of anabolic steroids (a stigmatized and illegal substance), should word-of-mouth testimony from individuals closest to the issues--those who have participated in and coached sports, those who have served as drug-testing overseers, and journalists who relentlessly track leads and verify sources--be set aside as irrelevant? Not if a complete picture is to emerge. In this review, hard scientific evidence is placed on the table side-by-side with soft anecdotal evidence, without weighting or bias. The purpose is to allow the opportunity for each to illuminate the other and, in so doing, potentially bring us a step closer to determining the true extent of anabolic steroid usage in athletics.
journal_name
J Strength Cond Resjournal_title
Journal of strength and conditioning researchauthors
Berning JM,Adams KJ,Stamford BAdoi
10.1519/14813.1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
908-17issue
4eissn
1064-8011issn
1533-4287pii
14813journal_volume
18pub_type
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caron, KE, Burr, JF, and Power, GA.. The effect of a stretch-shortening cycle on muscle activation and muscle oxygen consumption: a study of history-dependence. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs) are observed in a variety of human movements and are associated with increases in pe...
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Safarimosavi, S, Mohebbi, H, and Rohani, H. High-intensity interval vs. continuous endurance training: Preventive effects on hormonal changes and physiological adaptations in prediabetes patients. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity inte...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002709
更新日期：2018-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this case study is to establish how a gradual increase in fatigue affects the position of the arms and shoulders during a long shot in a basketball game. For this purpose, Primoz Brezec, an elite National Basketball Association player, performed a total of 7 series of 20 shots from a distance of 7.24 m....
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a07a27
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182576feb
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Operators are expected to maintain a high degree of physical readiness requiring continual operational training. The physiological and psychological demands associated with operational training can result in physiological consequences evidenced by hormonal alterations justifying the need fo...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000001392
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181636c6c
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mattes, K, Wollesen, B, and Manzer, S. Asymmetries of maximum trunk, hand, and leg strength in comparison to volleyball and fitness athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 57-65, 2018-Playing volleyball and corresponding training loads lead to specific strains and might result in asymmetric muscle pattern. The study aime...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fernandez-Fernandez, J, Loturco, I, Pereira, LA, Del Coso, J, Areces, F, Gallo-Salazar, C, and Sanz-Rivas, D. Change of direction performance in young tennis players: a comparative study between sexes and age-categories. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aim of this study was to examine the differences in l...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3c6ef
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canino, MC, Foulis, SA, Zambraski, EJ, Cohen, BS, Redmond, JE, Hauret, KG, Frykman, PN, and Sharp, MA. U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Differences in physical fitness and occupational task performance between trainees and active duty soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1864-1870, 2019-U.S. Army initial entry traini...
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meyers, RW, Moeskops, S, Oliver, JL, Hughes, MG, Cronin, JB, and Lloyd, RS. Lower-limb stiffness and maximal sprint speed in 11-16-year-old boys. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1987-1995, 2019-The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, and maximal sprint speed in a ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flores, V, Becker, J, Burkhardt, E, and Cotter, J. Knee kinetics during squats of varying loads and depths in recreationally trained women. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1945-1952, 2020-The back squat exercise is typically practiced with varying squat depths and barbell loads. However, depth has been inconsistently defin...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
