Analysis of the anthraquinones aloe-emodin and aloin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Abstract:

:A procedure was developed for the determination of low levels of the anthraquinones aloe-emodin and aloin A (barbalin) in aloe products based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the trimethyl silyl (TMS) derivatives of these analytes in the presence of Chrysophanol used as internal standard. The method was used to analyze several aloe based commercial products (liquids, gels and solids). Wide variation in the level of these anthraquinones was observed among the different products. The method had a sensitivity of 0.005 ppm of aloe-emodin and 0.05 ppm of aloin.

journal_name

Int Immunopharmacol

authors

ElSohly MA,Gul W,Murphy TP

doi

10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.005

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-12-20 00:00:00

pages

1739-44

issue

14

eissn

1567-5769

issn

1878-1705

pii

S1567-5769(04)00217-6

journal_volume

4

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Astilbin protects against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cellular apoptosis and ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ischaemic stroke is a lethal cerebrovascular disease that occurs worldwide. Astilbin is a natural flavonoid compound with various physiological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Astilbin after cerebral ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS:The oxyg...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106571

    authors: Li Y,Wang R,Xue L,Yang Y,Zhi F

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Virulizin, a novel immunotherapy agent, stimulates TNFalpha expression in monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

    abstract::Virulizin, a novel biological response modifier, has demonstrated broad antitumor efficacy in a variety of human tumor xenograft models including melanoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated a significant role of macrophages and NK cells in the anti...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2007.06.001

    authors: Li H,Cao MY,Lee Y,Benatar T,Lee V,Feng N,Gu X,Liu P,Jin H,Wang M,Der S,Lightfoot J,Wright JA,Young AH

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in mice.

    abstract::Thalidomide has been used in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Paraquat (PQ) poisoning causes severe lung injury. PQ-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis are due to its ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. This study was designed to ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.005

    authors: Amirshahrokhi K

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes autophagy to suppress macrophage-mediated bacterial eradication.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the role of autophagy on macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a common extracellular bacterium which often causes various opportunistic infections. METHODS:Macrophages were infected with PA or stimulated with zymosan bioparticles. Autophagy wa...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.044

    authors: Wu Y,Li D,Wang Y,Chen K,Yang K,Huang X,Zhang Y,Wu M

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Pure compound from Boswellia serrata extract exhibits anti-inflammatory property in human PBMCs and mouse macrophages through inhibition of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, NO and MAP kinases.

    abstract::The aim of the present study is to probe the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant Boswellia serrata by studying the effect of the crude extract and the pure compound isolated from it on key inflammatory mediators like TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and NO thus enabling the understanding of the key signaling events involved. ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.12.003

    authors: Gayathri B,Manjula N,Vinaykumar KS,Lakshmi BS,Balakrishnan A

    更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00

  • Glycyrrhizin regulates CD4+T cell response during liver fibrogenesis via JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway.

    abstract::The aims of this study were to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on CD4(+)T cell responses during liver fibrogenesis. To obtain in vivo evidence about the effects of GL on CD4(+)T cells in livers and spleens of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse model, mice were administrated with ConA toget...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.08.013

    authors: Tu CT,Li J,Wang FP,Li L,Wang JY,Jiang W

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of interleukin-10 secretion by histamine in TH2 cells and splenocytes.

    abstract::Interleukin-10 is a potent suppressive factor that down-regulates cellular immune response via inhibition of the production of TH1 cytokines. Histamine shifts the TH1/TH2 balance from TH1 to TH2 cytokines making the effects of histamine on IL-10 secretion an important factor in this switch. This study was designed to ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00268-x

    authors: Osna N,Elliott K,Khan MM

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Is neuroimmunomodulation a future therapeutic approach for sepsis?

    abstract::Sepsis is considered as a disease of profoundly and uncontrollably activated innate immune response against bacterial infection or their products. Thus, regulation of innate immune response plays a critical role in controlling exaggerated systemic inflammation responsible for sepsis development. However, treatment of ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.003

    authors: Kumar V,Sharma A

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Natural product derived immune-regulatory agents.

    abstract::We can now declare that the clinical goal of immune intervention as a therapeutic strategy for neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, has been achieved and in many instances obtained regulatory approval. Although, interest in and optimism for this approach has fluctuated, in the last 20years, im...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.025

    authors: Talmadge JE

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • A non-peptide antagonist unusually selective for the human form of the bradykinin B2 receptor.

    abstract::Analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications for non-peptide bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists have been documented in rats. However, very large species differences in affinity were also noted within this class of drugs, making the preclinical development of relevant drugs difficult. Bradyzide is a potent antago...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/S1567-5769(03)00180-2

    authors: Marceau F,Fortin JP,Morissette G,Dziadulewicz EK

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Baicalein attenuates the neuroinflammation in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX2/NF-κB expressions and regulation of metabolic abnormality.

    abstract::Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), isolated from the root of traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This study explored the protective and modulatory mechanisms of baicalein on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic abnormality in lipo...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106092

    authors: Yan JJ,Du GH,Qin XM,Gao L

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular mechanisms of IgE mediated food allergy.

    abstract::The purpose of this review is to collate current knowledge and recent advances in molecular mechanism behind the immediate type hypersensitivity of foods. Food allergy is a growing concern of human health in developed as well as developing countries now days. Food allergic reactions are mostly IgE mediated and also kn...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.018

    authors: Kumar S,Verma AK,Das M,Dwivedi PD

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • A synthetic peptide derived from bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein neutralizes endotoxin in vitro and in vivo.

    abstract::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS [endotoxin]), a structural component of gram-negative bacteria, is implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Lipid A is an evolutionarily conserved region of LPS that has been identified as the toxic component of LPS. Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of septic shock in humans are ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.02.004

    authors: Jiang Z,Hong Z,Guo W,Xiaoyun G,Gengfa L,Yongning L,Guangxia X

    更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00

  • Berberine suppresses LPS-induced inflammation through modulating Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.

    abstract::Chronic inflammation is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Natural product berberine (BBR) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Sirt1, a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, was recently found to play an important r...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.032

    authors: Zhang H,Shan Y,Wu Y,Xu C,Yu X,Zhao J,Yan J,Shang W

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • A review on the effect of COVID-19 in type 2 asthma and its management.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:COVID-19 is considered the most critical health pandemic of 21st century. Due to extremely high transmission rate, people are more susceptible to viral infection. COVID-19 patients having chronic type-2 asthma prevails a major risk as it may aggravate the disease and morbidities. OBJECTIVE:The present revie...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107309

    authors: Ghosh S,Das S,Mondal R,Abdullah S,Sultana S,Singh S,Sehgal A,Behl T

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Psoralidin, a major component of Psoraleae Fructus, induces inflammasome activation and idiosyncratic liver injury.

    abstract::Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is unpredictable and independent of the dose of the drug. Increasing evidence suggests that the majority of IDILI cases are immune-mediated, and the aberrant activation of inflammasome plays a vital role in progression. Psoral...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107352

    authors: Wang Y,Xu G,Wang Z,Li R,Zhan X,Liu H,Qin Q,Li W,Wang X,Zhang M,Tang J,Bai Z,Xiao X

    更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00

  • The fungal metabolite, citrinin, inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production in glomerular mesangial cells.

    abstract::The mycotoxin, citrinin (CTN), is a secondary metabolite of the fermented products of Monascus. The mycotoxin can either suppress or stimulate immune responses. In the present study, the immunomodulatory role of CTN in nitric oxide (NO) production, a proinflammatory mediator in the process of inflammation, was investi...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.09.017

    authors: Liu BH,Chi JY,Hsiao YW,Tsai KD,Lee YJ,Lin CC,Hsu SC,Yang SM,Lin TH

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • In vivo thymulin treatments enhance avian lung natural killer cell cytotoxicity in response to infectious bronchitis virus.

    abstract::Previous work has shown that in vitro thymulin treatments have the ability to enhance natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to examine the in vivo effects of thymulin on avian NK cell activity in response to a viral infection. Five and a half-week-old K-strain chicken...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00236-9

    authors: Oliver MA,Marsh JA

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Noninvasive monitoring of rejection therapy based on intramyocardial electrograms after orthotopic heart transplantation. Initial experience with 14 cases.

    abstract::Despite the use of increasingly specific immunosuppressive therapy, rejection remains the leading cause of death in cardiac transplant patients. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for early detection and monitoring of cardiac transplant rejection. However, this approach is invasive and not suitable for r...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.09.019

    authors: Zupan I,Vrtovec B,Breskvar UD,Gabrijelcic T

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Differential alteration of functions of rat peritoneal macrophages responsive to endogenous opioid peptide endomorphin-1.

    abstract::Endomorphin-1 is a recently isolated endogenous opioid peptide, and potent and selective high affinity mu-opioid receptor agonist. We evaluate the role of endomorphin-1 on macrophage functions. Endomorphin-1 potentiated macrophage adhesion and the expression of adhesion molecule Mac-1 on macrophages. However, endomorp...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00065-6

    authors: Inui Y,Azuma Y,Ohura K

    更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00

  • Different roles of bortezomib and ONX 0914 in acute kidney injury.

    abstract::Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib offers one more option for acute or chronic antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation, but aggravated acute kidney injury (AKI) in some cases early after surgery using bortezomib bring new problem. Here, we evaluated the effects of bortezomib and ONX-0914 on renal tubule ...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106259

    authors: Zhang XZ,Han F,Ding CG,Dou M,Wang YX,Xue WJ,Ding XM,Zheng J,Xu CX,Tian PX

    更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00

  • Icariin attenuates glucocorticoid insensitivity mediated by repeated psychosocial stress on an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma.

    abstract::Evidence shows that psychosocial stress exacerbates asthma, but there is little intervention to alleviate negative effects of psychosocial stress on asthma. We investigated the role of icariin in anti-inflammation and anti-anxiety potential in a murine model combined psychosocial stress with allergic exposure. The res...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.009

    authors: Li B,Duan X,Xu C,Wu J,Liu B,Du Y,Luo Q,Jin H,Gong W,Dong J

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Immunomodulatory activity of analog of muramyl dipeptide and their use as adjunct to chemotherapy of Leishmania donovani in hamster.

    abstract::In search of a potent immunomodulator to be used as an immunoprophylactic agent and as adjunct to chemotherapy against Leishmania infection, two analogs of muramyl dipeptide, viz. N.Ac-norMur-MeVal-D-isoGln (86/448) and N.AcMur-Acc-D-isoGln (89/729) were evaluated for desired activity. Effect of these peptides on cell...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.015

    authors: Puri A,Sahai R,Haq W,Zaidi A,Guru PY,Tripathi LM,Srivastava VM

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • Oral immunogenicity of the plant proteinase bromelain.

    abstract::Bromelain is a natural mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapple stem that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity when administered orally. Although most proteins given orally without adjuvant (e.g., food) result in tolerance, we previously reported that long-term oral exposure to bromelain stim...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.007

    authors: Hale LP,Fitzhugh DJ,Staats HF

    更新日期:2006-12-20 00:00:00

  • Activation of Nrf2 signaling by salvianolic acid C attenuates NF‑κB mediated inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro.

    abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to neuroinflammation. Drugs targeting inflammation have been proved to be effective in many animal models. Salvianolic acid C (SalC) is a compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a plant with reported effects of inhibiting inflammation. However, the anti-inflamma...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.004

    authors: Song J,Zhang W,Wang J,Yang H,Zhao X,Zhou Q,Wang H,Li L,Du G

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • A soy diet accelerates renal damage in autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

    abstract::Isoflavones, which are phytoestrogens present in large quantities in soy and soy-derived products, have estrogenic activity, inhibit protein tyrosine kinase, and exert other effects in the human body. Thus, the recent spread of soy consumption in Western populations emphasizes the need to more fully understand the pot...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.04.011

    authors: Zhao JH,Sun SJ,Horiguchi H,Arao Y,Kanamori N,Kikuchi A,Oguma E,Kayama F

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Selective modulation of lymphoproliferation and cytokine production via intracellular signaling targets by α1- and α2-adrenoceptors and estrogen in splenocytes.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:The mechanistic implications of the presence of sympathetic noradrenergic innervation in lymphoid organs in synaptic association with lymphocytes open to the influence of hormonal fluctuations throughout reproductive age in females has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study is to...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.020

    authors: Priyanka HP,ThyagaRajan S

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Sesamolin affects both natural killer cells and cancer cells in order to create an optimal environment for cancer cell sensitization.

    abstract::In our previous study, we demonstrated that sesamolin can increase the level of cancer cell susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytolysis when it treats cancer cells. The present study attempted to demonstrate the direct influence of sesamolin on NK cells. To achieve the study goal, an NK cell (NK-92MI...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.027

    authors: Lee SE,Lee JK

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Imperatorin reduces the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.

    abstract::Inflammation plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Inhibition of inflammation is an effective way to prevent AS. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin with various activities. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of IMP was explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107170

    authors: Li W,Yu J,Xiao X,Zang L,Yang Y,Yu J,Huang Q,Niu X,Li W

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship between certain T helper cytokines and ANA staining: who is the helper?

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigated some T helper cytokines' association with different ANA positive sera. METHODS:Sera of 53 ANA-positive subjects (11 were stained of homogeneous pattern, 12 of speckled particle pattern, 9 of nucleolar pattern, 15 of centromere pattern, and 6 of the peripheral nuclear type) were collec...

    journal_title:International immunopharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.017

    authors: Hu J,Zhang Y,Liu X,Wei L,Zhang D

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00