Abstract:
:The most visible and, until very recently, the only hypothesis regarding the involvement of microglial cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is centered around the notion that activated microglia are neurotoxin-producing immune effector cells actively involved in causing the neurodegeneration that is the cause for AD dementia. The concept of detrimental neuroinflammation has gained a strong foothold in the AD arena and is being expanded to other neurodegenerative diseases. This review takes a comprehensive and critical look at the overall evidence supporting the neuroinflammation hypothesis and points out some weaknesses. The current work also reviews evidence for an alternative theory, the microglial dysfunction hypothesis, which, although eliminating some of the shortcomings, does not necessarily negate the amyloid/neuroinflammation theory. The microglial dysfunction theory offers a different perspective on the identity of activated microglia and their role in AD pathogenesis taking into account the most recent insights gained from studying basic microglial biology.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Streit WJdoi
10.1002/jnr.20093keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
1-8issue
1eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Brain edema accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in many neurologic conditions such as head trauma, stroke, meningitis, and brain tumor. The water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been found to be an important determinant of brain water accumulation and clearance of excess brain water. We report the developm...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/jnr.20439
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of bovine heart, rat heart, and rat skeletal muscle were chromatographically separated and the fractions tested for their ability to maintain the survival of dissociated sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory neurones. Bovine heart contained at least five, rat heart at least six, and rat skeletal muscle at...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/jnr.21031
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abstract::Synaptic circuitry in the upper dorsal horn, disorganized due to transganglionic degenerative atrophy (evoked by blockade of retrograde axoplasmic transport in the related peripheral nerve), begins to be reestablished by a process of regenerative synaptoneogenesis as soon as retrograde transport is resumed. Central ax...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490220110
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enriched populations of human microglial cells were isolated from mixed cell cultures prepared from embryonic human telencephalon tissues. Human microglial cells exhibited cell type-specific antigens for macrophage-microglia lineage cells including CD11b (Mac-1), CD68, B7-2 (CD86), HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and ricinus communis...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/jnr.10253
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/jnr.490220307
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490130306
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abstract::To study the sequence of degenerative events possibly associated with cholinergic cell death in Alzheimer's disease, septal cholinergic neurons derived from rat embryonic brains were exposed to chronic excitotoxic stress by glutamate. Counts of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunopositive neurons and measurement of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400608
更新日期:1995-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of different muscarinic receptor subtypes was analyzed in immature Schwann cells obtained from sciatic nerve of 2-day neonatal rats. By using RT-PCR analysis, we demonstrated the presence of M1, M2, M3, and M4 receptor subtypes in cultured Schwann cells, with M2 displaying the highest expression levels....
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21798
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation explores the central nervous system protein-synthetic responses to hemisection of the spinal cord. Adult male rats hemisected at mid T2 were given intravenous injections of 14C-leucine at 0.7, 30, or 70 days postoperative. Four hours later the T1, T2, T3, and C6 segments of the spinal cord and right...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490010107
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000301)59:5<624::AID-JNR
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of neuronal intermediate filament proteins in the developing mouse olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium was characterized by immunocytochemical approach. Antibodies against alpha-internexin, neurofilament triplet proteins (NFTPs; NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H) and peripherin were used to determine their exp...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981101)54:3<353::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490080407
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490150413
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is expressed on the innermost myelin membrane wrap, directly apposed to the axon surface. Although it is not required for myelination, MAG enhances long-term axon-myelin stability, helps to structure nodes of Ranvier, and regulates the axon cytoskeleton. In addition to its role in ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.21992
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) with alpha2,8-linked polysialic acid, which regulates homophilic adhesion and/or signal transduction events, is crucial to synaptic plasticity in the developing and adult brain. Evidence from in vitro models has implicated polysialylation in the r...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000915)61:6<636::AID-JNR7>3.0.
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abstract::Nerve growth factor (NGF)-specific signal transduction leads to changes in protein methylation during neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells (Cimato et al. [1997] J. Cell Biol. 138:1089-1103). In the present work, we demonstrate that, among NGF-regulated proteins, arginine methylation is more prevalent than carboxylme...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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更新日期:2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Superior cervical ganglion (SCG) cells from neonatal rats underwent apoptosis upon treatment with colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting agent. Western blotting and activity measurements showed that caspase-3 was indeed activated, but its peptide inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) neither suppressed nuclear fragmentation nor rescu...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21006
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparisons were made of whole cell voltage clamp recordings from cultures of normal Schwann cells (SC) from three human subjects and from three neurofibrosarcoma cell lines. The whole cell K+ (K) currents of normal and tumor cells could be divided into three types based on voltage activation range, pharmacology, and ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981115)54:4<495::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Detergent-resistant lipid microdomains (Rafts) were isolated from human oligodendroglioma (HOG), human neuroblastoma (LA-N-5), and immortalized dorsal root ganglion (F-11) cell lines by sucrose-density gradient ultracentrifugation and shown to be enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide. [(3)H]palmitate la...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10549
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS and induction of inflammatory cytokines and iNOS in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been implicated in subsequent disease pathogenesis and progression. We report that Lovastatin treatment blocks the clinical disease...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1207
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated variability in the phenotype of rat C6 glioma cells. In the present study, we compared morphology, growth rate, and beta-adrenergic regulation of gene expression in early (P39-47) and late (P55-90) passage C6 cells. Morphological changes were observed in five independently derived, l...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490330213
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer new possibilities for biomedical research and clinical applications. Differentiated neurons from hiPSCs are expected to be useful for developing novel methods of treatment for various neurological diseases. However, the detailed process of function...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23666
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We here reconsider current theories of neural ensembles in the context of recent discoveries about neuronal dendritic physiology. The key physiological observation is that the dendritic plateau potential produces sustained depolarization of the cell body (amplitude 10-20 mV, duration 200-500 ms). Our central hypothesi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24240
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00