Multiple evidence for nucleotide metabolism in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen.

abstract：:The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila macronucleus exist as free linear 21-kilobase molecules that contain replication origins and telomeres. A mutation in this gene confers resistance to the antibiotic paromomycin. We have isolated rDNA from such a mutant (strain p2f), microinjected it into the ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tondravi MM,Yao MC

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be important signal molecules that are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as in growth regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ROS act as a growth regulator, as well as how ROS-dependent growth regulation relates to its roles in stress resp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mabuchi K,Maki H,Itaya T,Suzuki T,Nomoto M,Sakaoka S,Morikami A,Higashiyama T,Tada Y,Busch W,Tsukagoshi H

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] protein exerts a polar effect on gene expression by repressing the function of transcriptional enhancers located distally from the promoter with respect to the location of su(Hw) binding sequences. The directionality of this effect suggests that the su(Hw) protein specifically int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Georgiev PG,Corces VG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab) are commonly believed to be a major characteristic for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the presence of GAD65Ab in healthy individuals (n = 238) and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of T1D patients (n = 27) who tested negative for GAD65Ab in conventional RIAs. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oak S,Gilliam LK,Landin-Olsson M,Törn C,Kockum I,Pennington CR,Rowley MJ,Christie MR,Banga JP,Hampe CS

更新日期：2008-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydrodynamic properties of the detergent-solubilized, terminal membrane complex of serum complement components C5-C9 [C5b-9(m)] were studied to obtain an estimate of its molecular weight. In a solution of Triton X-100/deoxycholate, the protein complex binds 17% Triton X-100 and 11% deoxycholate by weight. The sedi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhakdi S,Tranum-Jensen J

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Controlled maturation of ovarian follicles is necessary for fertility. Follicles are restrained at an immature stage until stimulated by FSH secreted by pituitary gonadotropes. FSH acts on granulosa cells within the immature follicle to inhibit apoptosis, promote proliferation, stimulate production of steroid and prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hunzicker-Dunn ME,Lopez-Biladeau B,Law NC,Fiedler SE,Carr DW,Maizels ET

更新日期：2012-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERalpha also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERalpha stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. To address these issues, we generated a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wong WP,Tiano JP,Liu S,Hewitt SC,Le May C,Dalle S,Katzenellenbogen JA,Katzenellenbogen BS,Korach KS,Mauvais-Jarvis F

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stability in the face of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rader R,Bartomeus I,Garibaldi LA,Garratt MP,Howlett BG,Winfree R,Cunningham SA,Mayfield MM,Arthur AD,Andersson GK,Bommarco R,Brittain C,Carvalheiro LG,Chacoff NP,Entling MH,Foully B,Freitas BM,Gemmill-Herren B,Ghazoul

更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:During transcription, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) must select the correct nucleotide, catalyze its addition to the growing RNA transcript, and move stepwise along the DNA until a gene is fully transcribed. In all kingdoms of life, transcription must be finely tuned to ensure an appropriate balance between fidelity and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larson MH,Zhou J,Kaplan CD,Palangat M,Kornberg RD,Landick R,Block SM

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Two methods for increasing the length of DNA sequence data that can be read off a polyacrylamide gel are described. We have developed a rapid way to pour a buffer concentration gradient gel that, by altering the vertical band separation on an autoradiograph, allows more sequence to be obtained from a gel. We also show...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biggin MD,Gibson TJ,Hong GF

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal studies have shown that the brain is an insulin-responsive organ and that central nervous insulin resistance induces obesity and disturbances in glucose metabolism. In humans, insulin effects in the brain are poorly characterized. We used a magnetoencephalography approach during a two-step hyperinsulinemic eugl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tschritter O,Preissl H,Hennige AM,Stumvoll M,Porubska K,Frost R,Marx H,Klösel B,Lutzenberger W,Birbaumer N,Häring HU,Fritsche A

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent political instabilities and conflicts around the world have drastically increased the number of people seeking refuge. The challenges associated with the large number of arriving refugees have revealed a deep divide among the citizens of host countries: one group welcomes refugees, whereas another rejects them....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Böhm R,Theelen MMP,Rusch H,Van Lange PAM

更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:H2O2, in concentrations achieved in the proximity of stimulated leukocytes, induces injury and lysis of target cells. This may be an important aspect of inflammatory injury of tissues. Cell lysis in two target cells, the murine macrophage-like tumor cell line P388D1 and human peripheral lymphocytes, was found to be as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schraufstatter IU,Hyslop PA,Hinshaw DB,Spragg RG,Sklar LA,Cochrane CG

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses enter cells via a process of membrane fusion between the viral envelope and a cellular membrane. For influenza virus, mutational data have shown that the membrane-inserted portions of the hemagglutinin protein play a critical role in achieving fusion. In contrast to the relatively well-understood ect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pabis A,Rawle RJ,Kasson PM

更新日期：2020-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:India's northward flight and collision with Asia was a major driver of global tectonics in the Cenozoic and, we argue, of atmospheric CO(2) concentration (pCO(2)) and thus global climate. Subduction of Tethyan oceanic crust with a carpet of carbonate-rich pelagic sediments deposited during transit beneath the high-pro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kent DV,Muttoni G

更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative vertebrate genome sequencing offers a powerful method for detecting conserved regulatory sequences. We propose that the compact genome of the teleost Fugu rubripes is well suited for this purpose. The evolutionary distance of teleosts from other vertebrates offers the maximum stringency for such evolutiona...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aparicio S,Morrison A,Gould A,Gilthorpe J,Chaudhuri C,Rigby P,Krumlauf R,Brenner S

更新日期：1995-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The preliminary structural characterization of a reversible ferrous dioxygen complex is reported. Mono(N-methyl imidazole) (dioxygen) meso-tetra (alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-o-pivalamidephenyl) porphinatorino(II), [Fe(O(2))-(N-Me imid) (alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-TpivPP)], 1, isolated from toluene solution, crystallizes in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collman JP,Gagne RR,Reed CA,Robinson WT,Rodley GA

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Control over structural transformations in supramolecular entities by external stimuli is critical for the development of adaptable and functional soft materials. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a dipyridyl donor containing a central Z-configured stiff-stilbene unit that self-assembles in the presence of two ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan X,Xu JF,Cook TR,Huang F,Yang QZ,Tung CH,Stang PJ

更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450IIC5 (rabbit liver 21-hydroxylase) is unusual among hepatic forms of cytochromes P450 because it catalyzes the conversion of one active steroid hormone (progesterone) to another active hormone (deoxycorticosterone). Another interesting aspect of this steroid-hydroxylating enzyme is the ability to conver...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trant JM,Lorence MC,Johnson EF,Shackleton CH,Mason JI,Estabrook RW

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of the adenovirus (Ad) early coding region 1a (E1a) is required for virus-induced cell transformation and for the activation of other viral early genes and some cellular genes. Two overlapping early mRNAs of 13S and 12S that are transcribed from this region code for a 289-amino acid protein and a 243-am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurwitz DR,Chinnadurai G

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The status of the Archaea as one of the three primary Domains emphasizes the importance of understanding their molecular fundamentals. Basic transcription in the Archaea resembles eucaryal transcription. However, little is known about transcriptional regulation. We have taken an in vivo approach, using genetics to add...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen-Kupiec R,Blank C,Leigh JA

更新日期：1997-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Wild-type newborn mice are characterized by the ability of certain liver-specific genes encoding various enzymes and mapping on different chromosomes to respond to glucocorticoid induction. Newborn mice homozygous for deletions at and around the albino locus on chromosome 7 fail to develop this competence for hormone-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeFranco D,Bali D,Torres R,DePinho RA,Erickson RP,Gluecksohn-Waelsch S

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The precise determination of de novo genetic variants has enormous implications across different fields of biology and medicine, particularly personalized medicine. Currently, de novo variations are identified by mapping sample reads from a parent-offspring trio to a reference genome, allowing for a certain degree of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gómez-Romero L,Palacios-Flores K,Reyes J,García D,Boege M,Dávila G,Flores M,Schatz MC,Palacios R

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) have been implicated in membrane trafficking in the secretory and endocytic pathways of yeast and mammalian cells, but the molecular mechanisms by which these lipid kinases operate are not known. Here we identify a protein of 170 kDa that is rapidly released from cell memb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patki V,Virbasius J,Lane WS,Toh BH,Shpetner HS,Corvera S

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The proliferation of non-neoplastic T lymphocytes is regulated, in part, by the coordinated expression of genes encoding T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL2), IL2 receptors (IL2R), and transferrin receptors (TFR). In addition to growth factors and their receptors, protooncogenes may regulate lymphocyte proliferat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed JC,Alpers JD,Nowell PC,Hoover RG

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the single proteins encoded by AMV RNA 1 and BMV RNA 1 and by AMV RNA 2 and BMV R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haseloff J,Goelet P,Zimmern D,Ahlquist P,Dasgupta R,Kaesberg P

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms by which phosphorus homeostasis is preserved in mammals are not completely understood. We demonstrate the presence of a mechanism by which the intestine detects the presence of increased dietary phosphate and rapidly increases renal phosphate excretion. The mechanism is of physiological relevance becaus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berndt T,Thomas LF,Craig TA,Sommer S,Li X,Bergstralh EJ,Kumar R

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) requires detailed knowledge of the structure of its primary protein, apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). However, APOA1 flexibility and HDL heterogeneity have confounded decades of efforts to determine high-resolution structures and consistent models. Here, molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pourmousa M,Song HD,He Y,Heinecke JW,Segrest JP,Pastor RW

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microtubules in 3H-labeled protein secretion in rat lacrimal glands was probed by the use of colchicine and two of its analogues that reversibly bind to tubulin. These analogues were 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4,4'-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-o ne and 2,3,4,4'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl, the latter ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herman G,Busson S,Gorbunoff MJ,Mauduit P,Timasheff SN,Rossignol B

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrating sulfanyl substituents into copper-bonded phenoxyls significantly alters their optical and redox properties and provides insight into the influence of cysteine modification of the tyrosine cofactor in the enzyme galactose oxidase. The model complexes [1(SR2)](+) are class II mixed-valent Cu(II)-phenoxyl-phe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verma P,Pratt RC,Storr T,Wasinger EC,Stack TD

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00