Abstract:
:Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in growth control of tissues. It is considered as a cellular suicide functionally opposite to mitosis. It may serve to remove "unwanted" damaged or dangerous, e.g. precancerous, cells. Chemical compounds can interfere with the regulatory network which controls apoptosis and can thereby stimulate or prevent cell death. Both induction or inhibition of apoptosis may result in various diseases such as of the immune system, malformation or tumor development. The protective role of apoptosis against carcinogenesis is described in some detail. Tumor formation seems to occur through several stages, namely initiation, promotion, progression, and involves formation and growth of premalignant cell populations. At least in some model systems initiated cells and premalignant cell populations have been found to exhibit enhanced cell replication, but also enhanced apoptotic activity as compared to the normal tissue. Therefore, initiated cells may be eliminated by apoptosis. Tumor promoters can inhibit apoptosis in putative preneoplastic cells and thereby accelerate tumor development. Furthermore, in hormone-dependent cancers malignant cells may undergo massive apoptosis in response to hormone withdrawal or antihormone treatment. Finally, the regulation of apoptosis will be addressed. Our results suggest that transforming growth factor beta 1, a negative regulator of epithelial tissue growth, is a signal inducing apoptosis of liver cells.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Schulte-Hermann R,Bursch W,Kraupp-Grasl B,Oberhammer F,Wagner Adoi
10.1016/0378-4274(92)90233-akeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
569-74eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(92)90233-Ajournal_volume
64-65 Spec Nopub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The changes in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution were investigated 72 hr after a subcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg Cd2+/kg as CdCl2H2O to normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Partial hepatectomy had no effect on native metallothionein content. Cadmium and MT content ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90195-3
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to evaluate whether vitamin C (VC) was associated with total antioxidant status (TAS) in human plasma and to determine the usefulness of VC on TAS in the treatment of patients with paraquat poisoning. VC and TAS were measured in 56 healthy subjects. Then, various concentrations (1-100 mg/dl) o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00431-3
更新日期:2002-01-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90057-7
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a significant evolution in the clinical management of the poisoned patient over the last decade. Interventions that were once the cornerstone of treating the poisoned patient have become passé or have come under intense scrutiny. The advent of evidence-based medicine has forced clinical scientists to re...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00512-4
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental toxicity testing according to current international guidelines involves exposure of pregnant animals, mostly rats and rabbits, and subsequent assessment of toxic effects in their fetuses. Alternative methods have been developed since the early 1980s. They include cell differentiation assays using either ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.029
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin A is widely used in cosmetic preparations. Given that oral Vitamin A and its metabolites present a potential reproductive risk, the present study investigated the effect of topical Vitamin A on human endogenous plasma levels of Vitamin A and its metabolites. METHODS:Two groups of 14 female volunteer...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.029
更新日期:2006-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90006-9
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen amino acids protected at the N-terminal and at their side chains were screened for resolving the enantiomers of V-agents by NMR. While none of the shift reagents tested showed really effective separation in proton NMR, two of them (BOC-Gln(Xan)-OH, 16, and Z-Arg(Z)2-OH), 21, with 16 superior to 21) were found...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.004
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 (MRN) complex is a DNA double-strand break sensor involved in DNA damage repair. Herein, we explored whether deletion of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a cytoprotective gene, affected MRN complex expression in the kidney after cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI)....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.12.004
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bothrops (lance-head pit vipers) venoms are rich in weaponised metalloprotease enzymes (SVMP). These toxic enzymes are structurally diverse and functionally versatile. Potent coagulotoxicity is particularly important for prey capture (via stroke-induction) and relevant to human clinical cases (due to consumption of cl...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.009
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dioxins are persistent environmental contaminants that cause multiple disorders in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis. In mice, the most important teratogenic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are hydronephrosis and cleft palate. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates most of the TCDD-in...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.02.009
更新日期:2004-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The upregulated α-synuclein (α-syn) and Tau co-occur in methamphetamine (METH) abusers' brains. Here, we designed experiments mainly to investigate whether α-syn and Tau interact in METH exposure. We detected the expression of α-syn, total Tau, and phosphorylation of Tau at Serine 396 (pSer396 Tau) under in vitro and ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.028
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mutagenic potential of fluphenazine hydrochloride was tested on male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The criterion used was sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. Oregon-K males of D. melanogaster, reared on a medium containing 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/ml of the drug, were screened for sex-linked recessive le...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(80)90050-8
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micronucleus (MN) induction by azidothymidine (AZT) in B and T lymphocytes was analyzed by a recently developed MAC (morphology-antibody-chromosome) method which allows the immunologic identification of different cell lineages. An increased frequency of MN in AZT-treated cultures compared with controls was observed. C...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90167-8
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify a possible mechanism of zinc (Zn)-induced tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity on bone formation, femurs from 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 6 days by the roller-tube method in the presence of Cd (2, 4 or 9 microM) and/or Zn (60 microM). Zn prevented a decrease in bone growth caused by Cd at 4 and ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90149-x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A concern among hospital personnel is their exposure to mutagenic drugs and in the incidental exposures that could occur in caring for the patients. In a recent published study the mutagenicity of urine from patients administered antineoplastic drugs was determined and techniques were developed to chemically inactivat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90049-5
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two representative mycotoxins that are commonly found in cereals and agricultural products. As T-2 toxin and DON are considered the cause of Kashin-Beck disease, a special osteoarticular disease, chondrocytes would be a vital target site for these toxins. To fully understand the ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.024
更新日期:2020-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to identify the polychlorinated biphenyl congeners of Aroclor 1254 that are responsible for the induction of the cytosolic bioactivation of aromatic amines. Various chlorobiphenyls, ranging from di- to hexa-substituted, were administered to rats and the ability of the hepatic cyt...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00042-8
更新日期:1997-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AG) is ototoxicity. The authors review the literature revealing many controversies on every aspect of this side-effect. Although epidemiological studies have to face the problem of reliable evaluation techniques, the incidence of cochleo- and vestibulotoxic ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90033-i
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational high-grade lead exposure has been reduced in recent decades as a result of increased regulation. However, environmental lead exposure remains widespread, and is associated with severe toxicity implicated in human diseases. We performed oral intragastric administration of various dose lead acetate to adult...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.007
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrazine (Hz) mutagenicity was observed in a test using Escherichia coli B/r strain, WP2 uvrA and was enhanced by the addition of rat liver microsomal fraction containing a generating system, while the enhanced mutagenicity was diminished by the addition of metyrapone to the microsome-free levels. On the other hand, ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90006-8
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant CD-1 mice were given 32 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) or corn oil vehicle, by gavage, on days 10--16 of gestation. At 1 year of age, the offspring were tested for spontaneous motor activity; the mice were then killed and dopamine (DA) levels and specific DA receptor binding were measured in the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90087-4
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major issue of inhalation toxicity is that of dose. An inhaled dose is more difficult to determine than the dose from other routes of administration. Via oral or parenteral routes, a discrete amount of test substance is given in a bolus. In inhalation toxicology, the delivered dose depends on the exposure concentrat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00077-8
更新日期:2003-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::In 2001 the SCOOP (SCOOP: Scientific Co-operation on Questions relating to Food) task 3.2.10 "Collection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States" was established. The task was divided in three subtasks (zearalenone, fumonisins and trichothece...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.045
更新日期:2004-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel (Ni) can disorder testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells, whereas the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Ni-induced disturbance of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. The testo...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.016
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of PM(2.5) were gravimetrically collected during the winter 2005/2006 in the urban area of Milan (North Italy). Samples were chemically characterized and the particles were detached from filters to determine their cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line. Based on the potential toxicological relevance of its co...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.003
更新日期:2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::A low-Mr copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)-binding protein was present in the liver of a control water lizard Triturus pyrrhogaster. Cadmium (Cd) accumulated in the liver of the animals after intramuscular injections of Cd salt and was bound to Cu- and Zn-binding protein of a single isoform that had properties characteristic ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90203-0
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO) have been recently proposed as novel candidates for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases. Paradoxically, recent data suggested that ZnO could cause eosinophilic airway inflammation in rodents. Despite the above observations, there are currently no studies reporting direct interaction be...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.020
更新日期:2016-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae"), such as Oscillatoria sp., are a ubiquitous group of bacteria found in freshwater systems worldwide that are linked to illness and in some cases, death among humans and animals. Exposure to cyanobacteria occurs via ingestion of contaminated water or food-products. Exposure of the gut...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.013
更新日期:2017-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Reports on adverse health effects related to occupational exposure to toner powder are still inconclusive. Therefore, we have previously conducted an in vitro-study to characterize the genotoxic potential of three commercially available black printer toner powders in A549 lung cells. In these cell-based assays it was ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.018
更新日期:2013-02-04 00:00:00