Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making.

abstract：:It has long been known that the diameter of human pupil enlarges with increasing effort during the execution of a task. This has been observed not only for purely mechanical effort but also for mental effort, as for example the computation of arithmetic problems with different levels of difficulty. Here we show that p...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Lisi M,Bonato M,Zorzi M

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The object of this study was to explore the relevance of an amplitude threshold for defining alpha in biofeedback studies. One of the lowest thresholds used in earlier studies (1.5 microV) was selected and the EEG base level of 94 subjects measured. Due to the importance of reinforcement rate in biofeedback, results w...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Knox SS

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacological reinforcement has been identified as a major factor in the maintenance of cigarette smoking. Smokers seem to seek an individually characteristic level of nicotine intake and adjust their smoking parameters in order to obtain this dose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in nic...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Karanci NA

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased vascular reactivity to stress has been suggested to contribute to the greater risk for developing hypertension in African Americans. Here, we examined the way (hemodynamic profile) and the extent to which (compensation deficit) cardiac output and total peripheral resistance compensate for each other in deter...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Carnevali L,Ottaviani C,Williams DP,Kapuku G,Thayer JF,Hill LK

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Log-transformed EEG power spectral estimates (6-7, 9,10-11,18-22, and 36-44 Hz), obtained from skilled marksmen and novice shooters at sites F3, F4, C3, C4,T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 during the aiming period (6 s) of a target shooting task for each of 40 trials up to the moment of trigger pull, were contrasted to dete...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Haufler AJ,Spalding TW,Santa Maria DL,Hatfield BD

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) was carried out in three male and three female adolescent epileptics and in two normal controls. The patients represented a cross-section of epilepsies including grand mal, myoclonic, afocal and psychomotor types. Three of the cases were mentally retarded. 12-14 Hz...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Seifert AR,Lubar JF

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between defensiveness and metabolic burden, as well as the moderating effects of sex and age were evaluated in 199 healthy working men (N=81) and women (N=118), aged 20-64 years (M=41; S.D.=11.45). Defensiveness (Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale) and parameters of metabolic syndrome (MS; waist ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Lévesque K,Bureau S,Moskowitz DS,Tardif JC,Lavoie J,Dupuis G,D'Antono B

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison of the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) records treated as realizations from a nonlinear process were compared under four different conditions: eyes shut resting, and three silent observation instructions to predict the patterns of randomly generated lights which illuminated every 10 seconds. T...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Gregson RA,Britton LA,Campbell EA,Gates GR

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When studying the factors which influence stress reactivity in within-subject designs, test-retest reproducibility data is needed to estimate power and sample size. We report such data regarding a new experimental stress protocol, based on simultaneous application of the socially evaluated, bilateral feet Cold Pressor...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Bachmann P,Finke JB,Rebeck D,Zhang X,Larra MF,Koch KP,Turner JD,Schächinger H

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the influence of trait anxiety on the early stages of emotional face processing. In order to test if such early effect of anxiety could appear in response to positive as well as to negative stimuli, we recorded event-related potentials in response to both happy and fearful faces - contrasted...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Morel S,George N,Foucher A,Chammat M,Dubal S

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventy-two undergraduates, 41 female and 31 male, aged 19-38, who had eaten breakfast had their blood glucose levels measured at 10.00 a.m. Following this they watched a presentation on safety when living away from home and had their recall of this material tested. Then half the participants imbibed a drink containin...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Morris N

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations into the stress response of patients committed to a special hospital for criminally deviant offences have identified a group of sympathetically hypoactive patients who excrete more noradrenaline and less adrenaline in the urine than either the remaining hospital population or control subjects, during co...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Woodman DD,Hinton JW,O'Neill MT

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the auditory system, cortical event-related potential amplitudes are enhanced during selective attention within the auditory channel. In the case of brainstem responses, however, the results are less clear since only a few studies have reported attention effects. Nearly all of these studies have used click stimuli ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Galbraith GC,Arroyo C

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the research reported here was to examine a number of issues relating to the nature of selective attention effects on auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), namely, to determine the relative contribution of N1 and slow wave (SW) to the early and late components of Nd respectively, where Nd is defined...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Michie PT,Bearpark HM,Crawford JM,Glue LC

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a crucial role in anxiety. Accordingly, variance in SERT functioning appears to constitute an important pathway to individual differences in anxiety. The current study tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in SERT function is associated with variability in the basic reflex...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Klumpers F,Heitland I,Oosting RS,Kenemans JL,Baas JM

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen subjects learned to adjust their breath pattern to two target breaths displayed on a video screen, by using visual feedback, during two sessions 24 h apart. These two targets were respectively the smallest and the largest breaths of a ten-breath sample previously recorded from each subject's resting spontaneo...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Blanc-Gras N,Estève F,Benchetrit G,Gallego J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although previous evidence suggests that mucosal immunity may be influenced by mental stress, the importance of the duration of stress exposure on secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) has yet to be fully elucidated. Salivary sIgA and cardiovascular activity were measured at rest, following 14 and 28 min of mental arithme...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Ring C,Drayson M,Walkey DG,Dale S,Carroll D

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The late positive component (P3) of the feedback evoked potential was investigated in two tasks: the detection of near-threshold auditory stimuli, and the estimation of 1 s time intervals. When the intensity or probability of the threshold stimuli was varied in the detection task, it became apparent that the feedback ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Campbell KB,Courchesne E,Picton TW,Squires KC

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Older people sometimes show a bias toward the processing of positive information. In this study, we used an event-related potential approach to examine whether such a positivity bias is also present during feedback processing in older adults. Our results suggest that a fast initial monitoring process, as reflected in ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Ferdinand NK,Kray J

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolutionarily old threat stimuli are likely to require less conscious information processing than threat stimuli of a more recent date. To test this proposal two differential conditioning experiments, with biological threat stimuli (e.g. snakes) in half the groups and cultural threat stimuli (e.g. guns) in the other ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Flykt A,Esteves F,Ohman A

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Laceys' account of the significance of heart rate changes for behaviour is critically evaluated. Two interwoven propositions are discerned in their account: first, the cardiac variations regulate central attentional activities via an afferent feedback mechanism; second, that environmental intake-rejection comprise...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Carroll D,Anastasiades P

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Response to psychological stress can vary based on the extent to which the context is perceived as stressful, especially under different social conditions. The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare physiological stress (cortisol) and regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) of 10-12 year old children ...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Corbett BA,Muscatello RA,Baldinger C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the effects of standard laboratory stressors on cardiovascular measures before and after the consumption of a modest meal. A mental arithmetic task and a reaction time task were administered before and 2 h after a carbohydrate or a protein meal. A noncaloric placebo meal and a fasting condition wer...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Uijtdehaage SH,Shapiro D,Jaquet F

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence from neuroimaging studies indicates that depressive symptomatology is associated with inefficient recruitment of prefrontal brain regions while performing tasks that tax executive function. In the current study, we investigated the time-course and ERP signature of inefficient executive functioning using a ver...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Krompinger JW,Simons RF

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:College students learned a set of facts relating fictitious people and their occupations (e.g. 'Matthew is a lawyer'). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while they subsequently viewed a series of such statements presented in segments (e.g. 'Matthew/is a/dentist'). ERPs to occupations completing state...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Fischler I,Childers DG,Achariyapaopan T,Perry NW Jr

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although compensatory strategies can offset regulatory losses that occur in later adulthood, they often break down under conditions of over-activation. Two emotion regulation tasks examined compensatory effects related to attachment classification (AC). Study 1 examined emotional Stroop performance in young (17-39) an...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Jain E,Labouvie-Vief G

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study analyzes differences in blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in relation to trait worry. 36 high worry and 21 low worry females were selected from scores on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Cardiovascular parameters were obtained during rest, a self-induced worry period, and defense refle...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Delgado LC,Vila J,Reyes del Paso GA

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to play a role in variety of cognitive and social processes and different hypotheses have been put forth to explain OT's effects on brain and behavior in humans. However, these previous explanatory accounts do not provide information about OT-related temporal mod...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Pehlivanoglu D,Myers E,Ebner NC

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of three variables (perceptual style 'leveling--sharpening', stimulus intensity and task) on tonic and phasic heart rate and skin conductance responses were studied. 24 levelers and 24 sharpeners received a series of 25 auditory stimuli under two instructions (task): in one task subject had to listen caref...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Orlebeke JF,Passchier J

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychophysical experiments show that the perception of posture is to a large degree affected by hitherto unknown graviceptors in the human trunk. By remote control subjects move themselves radially along their spinal axis over the horizontal platform of a rotating centrifuge until they feel horizontal. Normal subjects...

journal_title：Biological psychology

authors： Mittelstaedt H

更新日期：1996-01-05 00:00:00