Abstract:
:Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae) is a decorative plant used in gardens and living fences. In China, it has also been employed in herbal remedies for hepatitis and abdominal edema. Since E. milii latex--lyophilized or in natura--proved to be a potent plant molluscicide, its toxicity to non-target organisms has been comprehensively studied. Concerns on a possible tumor promoting activity have discouraged its use as a locally-available alternative molluscicide in schistosomiasis control programs. Two in vitro assays (inhibition of metabolic cooperation in V79 cells and Epstein-Barr virus induction in Raji cells) had suggested that E. milii latex contained tumor-promoting substances. This study was undertaken to verify whether the latex acts as a tumor promoter in vivo as well. A single dose of the initiating agent DMBA (400 nmol) was applied on the back skin of male and female DBA/2 mice. Testing for tumor promoting activity began 10 days after initiation. Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) (5 nmol, positive control), lyophilized latex (20, 60 and 200 microg per mouse) or acetone (vehicle control) were applied on mouse back skin twice a week for 20 weeks. In TPA-treated mice, papillomas were firstly noted during the 11th week, and by the 17th week all animals exhibited skin tumors. No tumors developed in mice treated with the solvent alone and in those exposed to latex. Findings from the present study therefore indicated that E. milii crude latex does not act as a tumor promoting agent on the mouse back skin assay.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Delgado IF,De-Carvalho RR,De-Oliveira AC,Kuriyama SN,Oliveira-Filho EC,Souza CA,Paumgartten FJdoi
10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00303-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-30 00:00:00pages
175-80issue
2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378427403003035journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Actinomycin D (ActD) is a well-known cytotoxic chemotherapeutic reagent and the prevention of ActD-induced apoptotic cell death has been an attractive issue for biomedical investigators. Since phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is essential for cell survival, the present study has examined whether the pr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.02.006
更新日期:2006-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::A number of zero tolerance provisions are contained in both food and animal feed law, e.g. for chemical substances whose occurrence is not permitted or is directly prohibited in food or animal feed. In the European Union, bans of this kind were introduced to give consumers and animals the greatest possible protection ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.002
更新日期:2007-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The toxic mechanism of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell lines. A concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed when S. cerevisiae was exposed to endosulfan, and its cytotoxicity (IC(50)) was found to be 49 microM and 86 mic...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.004
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Since cell death by apoptosis is achieved through complex interactions between numerous molecular components, cells may fail to die when stimulated because of molecular abnormalities in the apoptosis pathway or in its control mechanisms. Such inappropriate cell survival is well established when apoptosis is suppressed...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00343-9
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Oral intubation of 50 and 100 mg/kg acephate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 45% and 56%, and reduced basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration by 29% and 25% after 4 h in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis). Dietary exposure to 25, 100, and 400 ppm acephate for 5 days sub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90141-9
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Betel quid chewing, which contributes high concentration of safrole in saliva, is a popular oral habit in Taiwan. Safrole is a documented rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its hepatocarcinogenic potential in human is not known. Here, we used LC/ESI-ITMS(n) and LC/QTOF-MS confirmed safrole-dGMP as reference standard to dete...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.013
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Morusin is a prenylated flavonoid that has been isolated from the root bark of the mulberry tree (Morus species, Moraceae), a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been synthesized by our laboratory from commercially available phloroglucinol, and has demonstrated to possess antitumor effects of cell lines including A54...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.031
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Both arsenite and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are known human carcinogens. Studies on the mode-of-action of arsenite indicate that it can also act as co-carcinogen or as a cancer promoter, and that it can facilitate progression of cancers. Some studies on development of lung cancers have suggested a synergism between arsenit...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.004
更新日期:2013-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Kahweol, the coffee-specific diterpene, has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic properties. Animal data support such a chemopreventive effect of coffee. However, the precise underlying protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the apoptotic effect of kahweol in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.022
更新日期:2009-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral toxicology is an emerging field which is becoming increasingly important in risk assessment of exposure to neurotoxic substances, due to the high sensitivity of behavior towards neurotoxic action and the integration in behavioral functions of several underlying processes and neurofunctions, such as motor, s...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00251-9
更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Soman is a highly toxic organophosphorus chemical warfare compound that binds rapidly and irreversibility to a variety of serine active enzymes, i.e., butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterases and carboxylesterase. The in vivo toxicity of soman has been reported to vary significantly in different animal species, such as rat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.016
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrethroid insecticide (PYR) is used worldwide in agriculture and for indoor extermination of harmful insects. Urinary PYR metabolites (e.g. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBA) have been used as the most sensitive biomarker for environmental PYR exposure since the late 1990s. In this study, we examined the effect of organoph...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.016
更新日期:2011-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to compare the pulmonary cellular proliferative effects of inhaled, size-separated preparations of chrysotile asbestos fibres with similar aerosol fibre concentrations of para-aramid fibrils. Following fibre preparation, rats were exposed for 2 weeks to aerosols of p-aramid fibrils or chrysotil...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03751-4
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular epidemiologic research involves the identification of relations between previous exposure to some putative causative agent and subsequent biological effects in a cluster of individuals in populations. There is intensive current research in the field of molecular epidemiology, and this research has a direct i...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03594-x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed per os for 4 consecutive days with 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 or 4.0 mg cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)/kg body weight/day, and killed on the fifth day. Sections of liver were prepared for electron microscopic examination. Dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in all hepatocyt...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90084-0
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested that inhaled ultrafine particles are able to translocate into the bloodstre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.006
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to chemicals released during urban waste disposal and treatment is increasingly regarded as a potential occupational health issue. Indeed, several toxic metals emitted by an incinerator, including As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni and V, have potentially toxic properties and their exposure, therefore, may be of ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.021
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and depletion of striatal dopamine (DA), leading to a range of motor symptoms, including resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural abnormalities. The neurotoxin (MPTP) and its active metabol...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.003
更新日期:2013-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::While numerous surveys highlighted the natural co-occurrence of mycotoxins in food, data about their toxicological combined effects is still limited. This is especially the case for chronic exposure conditions, although the latter are more representative of the mycotoxin risk associated with food consumption than acut...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.080
更新日期:2017-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an anthracycline antibiotic which is used in the treatment of human malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma and a number of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Anthracyclines have been reported to contaminate chemotherapy workstation surfaces as well as other workplaces surfaces. The occupa...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.026
更新日期:2010-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::The relative toxicity of three legacy and six emerging brominated flame retardants* was studied in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat. The hepatocellular and thyroid toxicity of each flame retardant was evaluated following five-day exposure to each of the nine flame retardants (oral gavage in corn oil) at 0.1-1000 μmo...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.016
更新日期:2020-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as efficient mutagens and ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which has been suggested to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the complex relationship between the genotoxicity and the AhR-mediated activity of...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.011
更新日期:2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Using equimolar quantities of 2 chemical allergens, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), noted for its ability to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), noted for its dermal sensitizing activity, the mouse was evaluated as a possible model to indicate respiratory hypersensitivity. A previously pub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03234-x
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low concentrations of arachidonic acid monoepoxides protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study examined whether low concentrations of the linoleic acid monoepoxide, cis-12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12,13-EOA), protect renal cells against decreases in mitochondrial and transport functions induced by hy...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.11.002
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is a toxic heavy metal with many recognized adverse health side effects. The central nervous system is the main target of lead toxicity. Although many studies on lead toxicity were conducted, the mechanism of lead toxicity remains uncertain. One possible attribution is the immature blood-brain barrier that causes...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.009
更新日期:2014-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Generally recognized as safe (GRAS), a system for review and approval of ingredients for addition to food, was conceived at a time when the need for a less doctrinaire review of food ingredients was critical. The GRAS approval process for a food ingredient relies on the judgment of "...experts qualified by scientific ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.07.004
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical study showed that smoking during pregnancy deceased the thymus size in newborns. However, the long-term effect remains unclear. This study was aimed to observe the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on the development of thymus and the T-lymphocyte subpopulation in mice offspring from the neonatal to...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.015
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methoxetamine is one of the constantly growing group of novel psychoactive substances that has emerged in recent years. The compound belongs to the arylcyclohexylamine class, which is used for its recreational and psychedelic effects. Methoxetamine is a structural analogue of ketamine, with a much longer duration of a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.011
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a cadmium (Cd) salt at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 mg CdCl2/kg body wt. caused severe liver injury in rats 24 h after administration. The toxic effects were most evident in the intermediate dose of 2.5 mg. Thymidine kinase (TK), the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of D...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90010-h
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study has been made of the effect of cadmium chloride and zinc acetate on the adherence of Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans to buccal cells from man. Cadmium led to a significant decrease in the adherence of the three microorganisms tested. Zinc increased the adherence of S. faecalis and...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90207-2
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00