Abstract:
:It is readily apparent, as the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management proceeds in remediating its vast network of contaminated nuclear weapons facilities, that final cleanup at many facilities will not be performed to a level allowing unrestricted use of the facility. Instead, these facilities must rely on engineering, administrative, and institutional controls to ensure the level of cleanup performed at the site remains adequately protective of public health and the environment. In order for these controls to remain effective, however, a plan for long-term stewardship of these sites must be developed that is approved by the U.S. Congress. Although this sounds simple enough for the present, serious questions remain regarding how best to implement a program of stewardship to ensure its effectiveness over time, particularly for sites with residual contamination of radionuclides with half-lives on the order of thousands of years. Individual facilities have attempted to answer these questions at the site-specific level. However, the complexities of the issues require federal support and oversight to ensure the programs implemented at each of the facilities are consistent and effective. The Department of Energy recently submitted a report to Congress outlining the extent of long-term stewardship needs at each of its facilities. As a result, the time is ripe for forward thinking Congressional action to address the relevant issues and ensure the remedy of long-term stewardship successfully carries out its intended purpose and remains protective of public health and the environment. The regulatory elements necessary for the stewardship program to succeed can only be implemented through the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Wells JR,Spitz HBdoi
10.1097/00004032-200311000-00005keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
578-84issue
5eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Residential exposure to radon gas is associated with increased risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers. Most evidence about the health effects of radon has been derived from meta-analyses on global epidemiologic studies, but administrative data can help public health authorities to explore the local impacts. Eighty...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000005
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Radiation Exposure Review Project to provide a critical reexamination of radiation doses to people resulting from testing nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site. One part of this effort focused on the dose resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food. The PATHWAY radio...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199610000-00007
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort motivated largely by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is developing age-specific biokinetic models and dose coefficients for environmentally important radionuclides. This paper describes the ICRP's age-specific biokinetic model for uranium. The...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-199412000-00002
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbed dose and dose equivalent conversion coefficients are routinely used in personnel dosimetry programs. These conversion coefficients can be applied to particle fluences or to measured air kerma values to determine appropriate operational monitoring quantities such as the ambient dose equivalent or personal dose...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000243165.43316.78
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The standard mathematical treatment of the buildup and decay of airborne radionuclides on a filter paper uses the solutions of the so-called Bateman equations adapted to the sampling process. These equations can be interpreted as differential equations for the expectation of an underlying stochastic process, which des...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199612000-00013
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements have been made of surface deposition rates for 218Po radon decay products in a small (0.283m3) aluminum test chamber for 222Rn levels from 1 to 1,600 kBq m-3. an increase in macroscopic surface deposition rate has been found to be induced by the high 222Rn concentrations. A distinct 222Rn level threshold ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199603000-00008
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological and evolutionary considerations suggest that radiation hormesis is made up of two underlying components. The first (a) is background radiation hormesis based upon the background exposure to which all organisms are subjected throughout evolutionary time. The second and much larger component (b) is stress-der...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200204000-00011
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The University of Cincinnati has reproduced the original formulation for the Livermore Thoracic Phantom lungs using contemporary materials and has adopted the linear attenuation coefficient as the primary quality assurance parameter for evaluating the performance capabilities of these new lung phantoms. The Livermore ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199407000-00005
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 30 y, the numbers and types of fluoroscopically-guided (FG) procedures have increased dramatically. The objective of the present study is to provide estimated radiation doses to physician specialists, other than cardiologists, who perform FG procedures. The authors searched Medline to identify English-lang...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dae76
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assumptions supporting a chronic aqueous release methodology are inappropriate for estimating dose from accidental discharges. A method of modeling acute or accidental releases is being developed for predicting maximum individual dose. Standardization of consumption rates and usage factors for acute aqueous releases i...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199206000-00011
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of various trace elements and radionuclides have been measured in marine protein concentrates prepared from surface feeding fishes. As with concentrates prepared from benthic fishes, the 210Pb-210Po pair are the most significant radionuclides present. Concentrations of stable Pb, Co and Ag in certai...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-197112000-00010
更新日期:1971-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A filter air sampler has been developed for sampling radionuclide aerosol particles from the workplace environment. It provides easy filter changing, constant flow sampling, and a visual display to indicate proper operation. An experimental study was conducted to characterize the collection efficiency of the sampler a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199612000-00003
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon exposure is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, and elevated levels may be found in as many as 1 out of 15 homes. The U.S. EPA recommends testing homes for radon and mitigating over the advisory level of 4 picocuries per liter (4 pCi L(-1), or 148 Bq m(-3)). A sample population from a list of ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000254862.50407.4a
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a continuation of previous research on worst case transportation accidents involving radioactive material (Dodd and Humphries 1988a), and protective action guidance for radioactive material transportation accidents (Dodd and Humphries 1988b), this paper describes the risks from such accidents in Oregon. Radioactive...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907000-00016
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discharges of radioactive materials from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield in the United Kingdom give rise to 137Cs and 134Cs in fish caught in the Irish Sea. Measurements made on fish catches landed in the Irish Republic show average activities of 68 and 3 Bq/kg (wet) of 137Cs and 134Cs, respectively....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198503000-00011
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on nuclear medicine thyroid examinations performed in Manitoba (population 1 million) from 1981-1985 were collected, with more detailed demographic data obtained on 1,100 consecutive patients between June 1987 and January 1988. An average of 2,081 patients were examined per year, 81% female and 19% male, represen...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Marshall Islands were the site of numerous tests of nuclear weapons by the United States. From 1946 to 1958, nuclear devices were detonated at Enewetak and Bikini Atolls. Following the inadvertent contamination of the northern islands downwind of the 1954 Bravo Test, Brookhaven National Laboratory became involved ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199707000-00007
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison of the risk coefficients for 239Pu- or 226Ra-induced bone cancer in two canine breeds, one with a relatively low (beagle) and the other with a very high (St. Bernard) natural incidence, indicated only slightly higher risk in the giant breed. The differences in risk for skeletal malignancy in 239Pu and 226...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199710000-00014
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A low-background phoswich detector is used to detect small amounts of 147Pm--a pure beta-emitting nuclide--present in the liver of an occupational worker. The assessment was based on the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the beta particles in the tissue. Computer programs based on Monte Carlo techniq...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199306000-00010
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Monitoring Laboratory, which is the Canadian National Calibration Reference Centre for In-Vivo Measurements, has been conducting an annual intercomparison program for whole body counting facilities since 1989. Each year a number of phantoms are prepared for participants to measure the accuracy, precision, si...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199510000-00018
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study provides a retrospective assessment of doses to 13 organs for the most common radiographic examinations conducted between the 1930s and 2010, taking into account typical technical parameters used for radiography during those years. This study is intended to be a resource on changes in medical diagnostic rad...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000524
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear weapons testing was conducted in the atmosphere at numerous sites worldwide between 1946 and 1980, which resulted in exposures to local populations as a consequence of fallout of radioactive debris. The nuclear tests were conducted by five nations (United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, and China...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00016
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of silicon photodiodes for field radon measurements requires the utilization of measuring cells for protection against environmental electromagnetic fields. It is very important to study and optimize the impact of geometry conditions (dimensions of the measuring cell) on the photodiode detection efficiency tha...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200106000-00011
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In situ and laboratory gamma spectroscopy were used to characterize natural background levels of radiation in the soil at eight sites around the Yucca Mountain Range. The purpose of this practical field analysis was to determine if published empirical in situ calibration factors would yield accurate quantitative speci...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199708000-00007
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of occupational limits (ELs) in the outdoor laser environment requires an understanding of the radiometric methods required to evaluate field exposures with respect to the ELs. The limiting aperture required to adequately specify the EL must always be kept in mind. Since all exposure limits are defined...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198905000-00018
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, regulatory emphasis on the prevention of loss, theft and intentional misuse of radioactive materials at academic institutions has forced radiation safety personnel to devote increasing amounts of time and effort to address security issues. NRC regulations require that radioactive materials used or sto...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200311002-00009
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, medical radiation emergency plans have provided for the receipt and care of a limited number of individuals, usually no more than two or three at any given time. Large numbers of contaminated, uninjured individuals cannot be effectively handled in the emergency departments (EDs) of hospitals as they pre...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000165870.08277.b8
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidents or radiological attacks may lead to ingestion of Cs by large numbers of the public. This work models the efficacy of Prussian blue, the medical countermeasure for internal contamination with Cs, to prevent acute radiation syndrome as a function of the duration of treatment and the time that treatment starts ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000966
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author was invited to talk about ICRP perceptions of a look to the future. Many questions will be addressed when the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiates a revision of its basic recommendations from 1977, which were published in ICRP Publication 26. This process will take several ye...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00004
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The former Apollo facility converted enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium oxide for shipment to nuclear fuel fabrication plants from 1957 to 1983. This paper describes quantification of the source term from the Apollo facility in terms of quantities of uranium released, particle size, and solubility characterist...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001343
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00