Abstract:
:The ToxR protein of Vibrio cholerae is an integral membrane protein that coordinately regulates the expression of virulence genes required for successful infection. ToxR has been shown to bind directly to and activate transcription of the cholera toxin (ctx) promoter. Within the amino-terminal cytoplasmic region of ToxR, several amino acids are strictly conserved among ToxR, OmpR, and the other members of a family of bacterial regulatory proteins. To better understand the function of this region, two approaches were taken: conserved residues were changed by site-directed mutagenesis, and random mutations that eliminated ToxR-mediated transcriptional activation were isolated. Several classes of mutations were identified: those that abolish promoter DNA binding and transcriptional activation (toxR R96K, toxR R68K, and toxR R68L), those that abolish transcriptional activation but retain the ability to bind promoter DNA (toxR R96L), and those that have an intermediate phenotype (toxR R77L, toxR E51K, and toxR E51D). The toxR E51K allele had reduced activity in both Escherichia coli and V. cholerae but also exerted a dominant-negative effect over wild-type ToxR when assayed in V. cholerae. This result provides additional evidence that ToxR acts as an oligomer in the transcriptional activation process. From this mutational analysis of conserved amino acid residues within the OmpR-homologous region of ToxR, we conclude that this region is essential for transcriptional activation at the level of DNA binding and other steps that lead to activation of the ctx promoter.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Ottemann KM,DiRita VJ,Mekalanos JJdoi
10.1128/jb.174.21.6807-6814.1992keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-11-01 00:00:00pages
6807-14issue
21eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530journal_volume
174pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mutant strains of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated possessing mutations which affected the tyrosine-inhibitable 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetase, the phenylalanine-inhibitable DAHP synthetase, or the tryptophan-repressible DAHP synthetase. The mutations causing the loss of each of th...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.93.1.237-244.1967
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzoate catabolism is thought to play a key role in aerobic bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Benzoate catabolic genes were cloned from a PCB degrader, Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1, by using PCR amplification and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis separation. A nucleoti...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.22.6598-6606.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.123.2.755-758.1975
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daniel, John W. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Karlee Babcock. Methionine metabolism of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum. J. Bacteriol. 92:1028-1035. 1966.-Previous studies have shown that Physarum polycephalum requires exogenous methionine for growth, but not cysteine, folic acid, or vitamin B(12). Methi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.92.4.1028-1035.1966
更新日期:1966-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes are related pathogens that cause crown gall and hairy root diseases, which result from integration and expression of bacterial genes in the plant genome. Single-stranded DNA (T strands) and virulence proteins are translocated into plant cells by a type IV secretio...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01018-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ompA gene of Escherichia coli codes for a major protein of the outer membrane. When this gene was moved between various unrelated strains (E. coli K-12 and two clinical isolates of E. coli) by transduction, the gene was expressed very poorly. Recombinants carrying "foreign" genes produced no OmpA protein which cou...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.143.1.403-410.1980
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of the anthranilate synthetase complex and its separated subunits were compared in catalyzing the anthranilate synthetase reaction, chorismate + l-glutamine or NH(4) (+) --> anthranilate, and the transferase reaction, anthranilate + 5'-phosphorylribosyl-1-pyrophosphate --> phosphoribosyl anthranilate. I...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.97.2.734-742.1969
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative mass conversion of intact bacterial cells of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis to L-phase variants has been effected after lysozyme treatment. After subculture of the unstable L-phase variants for several months in the presence of methicillin, stable L-phase variants were obtained which grew in the a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.116.1.456-465.1973
更新日期:1973-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.8.3159-3161.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroflexus, a newly described genus of filamentous, photosynthetic, gliding bacteria, oxidizes sulfide anaerobically under photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic growh conditions and deposits elemental sulfur outside the cell. The formation of sulfur granules outside the cell supports the idea that this organism is ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.122.2.782-784.1975
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization studies reveal that the plasmids coding for the production of heat stable and heat labile enteroxtoxins of Escherichia coli, regardless of their origin, have a majority of their polynucleotide sequences in common, but are not related in any significant way to t...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.121.1.234-238.1975
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The age-dependent lectin-binding ability of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was examined by following the development of the capsule and its ability to interact with the white clover lectin trifoliin A. Bacteria grown on agar plates for 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days were examined by electron microscop...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.159.1.145-152.1984
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281 induces large, rapidly appearing tumors on a variety of plants and has a wider host range than other strains of A. tumefaciens. By using Tn3HoHo1 transposon mutagenesis and complementation analysis, a 2.5-kilobase DNA fragment which is responsible for the supervirulence phenotype was ide...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.10.4417-4425.1987
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SecYEG heterotrimeric membrane protein complex functions as a channel for protein translocation across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. SecY is the central subunit of the SecYEG complex and contains 10 transmembrane segments (TM1 to TM10). Previous mutation studies suggested that TM3 and TM4 are particul...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.12.3960-3969.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus agalactiae cultures possess an aerobic pathway for glucose oxidation that is strongly inhibited by cyanide. The products of glucose oxidation by aerobically grown cells of S. agalactiae 50 are lactic and acetic acids, acetylmethylcarbinol, and carbon dioxide. Glucose degradation products by aerobically g...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.94.1.184-191.1967
更新日期:1967-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a search for small RNAs (sRNAs) in the low-GC, gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Based on bioinformatic analyses by Livny et al. (J. Livny, A. Brencic, S. Lory, and M. K. Waldor, Nucleic Acids Res. 34:3484-3493, 2006), we tested 40 candidates by Northern blotting and confirmed the expres...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01204-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. However, the p...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00849-16
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Whiteley, H. R. (University of Washington, Seattle) and N. G. McCormick. Degradation of pyruvate by Micrococcus lactilyticus. III. Properties and cofactor requirements of the carbon dioxide-exchange reaction. J. Bacteriol. 85:382-393. 1963.-At an acid pH, extracts of Micrococcus lactilyticus (Veillonella alcalescens) ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.85.2.382-393.1963
更新日期:1963-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteomics and targeted gene disruption were used to investigate the catabolism of benzene, styrene, biphenyl, and ethylbenzene in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, a well-studied soil bacterium whose potent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-transforming properties are partly due to the presence of the related Bph and Etb pathway...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01122-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.05709-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01950-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetate kinase (ACK) converts acetyl phosphate to acetate along with the generation of ATP in the pathway for mixed-acid fermentation in Lactococcus lactis. The reverse reaction yields acetyl phosphate for assimilation purposes. Remarkably, L. lactis has two ACK isozymes, and the corresponding genes are present in an ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01277-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.06735-11
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six analogues of amino acids killed corresponding auxotrophs of Escherichia coli. With all but one analogue, protein synthesis was required for lethality. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.99.1.336-338.1969
更新日期:1969-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::phiYeO3-12 is a T3-related lytic bacteriophage of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. The nucleotide sequence of the 39,600-bp linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome was determined. The phage genome has direct terminal repeats of 232 bp, a GC content of 50.6%, and 54 putative genes, which are all transcribed from...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.6.1928-1937.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli sigma70-dependent promoters have typically been characterized as either -10/-35 promoters, which have good matches to both the canonical -10 and the -35 sequences or as extended -10 promoters (TGn/-10 promoters), which have the TGn motif and an excellent match to the -10 consensus sequence. We report ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00853-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electron transport system of Acinetobacter sp. HO1-N was studied to determine the specific cytochromes and to measure changes in the composition of the respiratory system due to growth in various concentrations of oxygen or types of growth substrates. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the quantity and type...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.142.3.859-868.1980
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid ColIb-P9 of the I alpha incompatibility group is known to encode a DNA primase that acts in the conjugal transfer of the plasmid and can substitute for mutant dnaG gene product in vegetative replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The relevant genetic determinant (sog) has previously been cloned into a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.151.1.1-7.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogenase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum and in some other photosynthetic bacteria is regulated in part by the availability of light. This regulation is through a posttranslational modification system that is itself regulated by P(II) homologs in the cell. P(II) is one of the most broadly distributed regulatory p...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00585-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many surface proteins of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria are linked to the cell wall envelope by a mechanism requiring a C-terminal sorting signal with an LPXTG motif. Surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae harbor another motif, YSIRK-G/S, which is positioned within signal peptides. The signal peptides of some...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.9.2910-2919.2003
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00