Abstract：
:The neurotransmitter glutamate, once released into the synaptic cleft, is largely recycled by the glutamate-glutamine cycle, which involves uptake into astrocytes, conversion into glutamine and subsequent release of glutamine from astrocytes as a precursor for neuroneal glutamate synthesis. We analysed glutamine efflux from cultured astrocytes by pre-loading cells with labelled glutamine for 30 min and subsequently measured glutamine efflux for 30 min. Efflux of pre-loaded glutamine was rapid and almost complete after 30 min with a first order rate of 0.11 +/- 0.01/min. Efflux was 50% reduced when cells were depleted of intracellular Na+. Increasing intracellular Na+ concentration had a small stimulatory effect on glutamine efflux, indicating the participation of a Na+-dependent transport mechanism. About 50% of the basal efflux could not be inhibited by depletion of the intracellular Na+, suggesting the presence of an additional Na+-independent transport mechanism. Glutamine efflux was stimulated two- to threefold by addition of extracellular neutral amino acids, such as alanine or leucine. The stimulatory effects of alanine and leucine had a Na+-dependent and a Na+-independent component, suggesting the presence of two antiport mechanisms one involving Na+. When compared to the expression of glutamine transporter mRNAs in cultured astrocytes it appeared likely that glutamine efflux was mediated by SN1, LAT2, ASCT2 and an additional, yet unidentified, transporter that mediates about 40% of the basal efflux.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Deitmer JW,Bröer A,Bröer Sdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01981.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
127-35issue
1eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159pii
1981journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The contents of cystathionine and taurine, as well as cystathionine beta-synthase activity in various regions of the brains of normal and DL-propargylglycine-treated rats, were measured. The content of cystathionine in each region of brain increased gradually from 0.5 mg to 20 mg/200 g body weight in relation to the d...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb08744.x
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The murine neuroblastoma N1E-115 cell line possesses a high density of angiotensin II (AngII) receptors that can be solubilized with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. These solubilized binding sites exhibited high affinity for CGP-42112A and not Losartan, indicating ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062106.x
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that activation of protein kinase A in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, treated concomitantly with low concentrations of okadaic acid that selectively inhibit protein phosphatase-2A, enhanced the Triton X-100 solubility of neurofilament triplet proteins. We now show that peripherin and...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70051869.x
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06838.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11769.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13000
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02101.x
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05709.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14957
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb06295.x
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Focal brain ischemia leads to a slow type of neuronal death in the penumbra that starts several hours after ischemia and continues to mature for days. During this maturation period, blood flow, cellular ATP and ionic homeostasis are gradually recovered in the penumbral region. In striking contrast, protein synthesis i...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03838.x
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carbohydrate content of human brain glycoproteins was studied during development from the age of 12 fetal weeks to 8 postnatal months. The concentration of all the glycoprotein monosaccharides increased with age. The total amount of glycoprotein monosaccharides per lipid-free dry tissue increased by about 150% fro...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08011.x
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In developing CNS D1 dopamine receptor-imaging agents with improved specificity and longer brain retention, an iodinated D1 ligand was synthesized. In vitro and in vivo radiolabeling studies of a new iodinated benzazepine, TISCH [7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3'-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine], an a...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09300.x
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycine receptor is a member of the Cys-loop, ligand-gated ion channel family and is responsible for inhibition in the CNS. We examined the orientation of amino acids I229 in transmembrane 1 (TM1) and A288 in TM3, which are both critical for alcohol and volatile anesthetic action. We mutated these two amino acids ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05090.x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured putrescine levels in minute sites of single rat brains using a sensitive, specific assay involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The putrescine level was measured in 20 sites of single rat brains: three sites in the cerebral cortex, six sites in the hypothalamus, three sites in the basal ganglia, t...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05570.x
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most biological effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), such as fibrinolysis, are mediated by its protease activity. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that tPA also has several protease-independent effects such as: neuroprotection, microglial activation, and promoting LTP formation. In order to gain a ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04417.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain inflammation includes microglial activation and enhanced production of diffusible chemical mediators, including prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 is generally considered a proinflammatory molecule, but it also promotes neuronal survival and down-regulates some aspects of microglial activation. It remains unknow...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062357.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat cerebellar granule cells differentiated in culture were fed [1-(3)H]sphingosine, allowing the metabolic radiolabelling of all cell sphingolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. A detergent-insoluble sphingolipid-enriched membrane fraction, containing about 60% of cell sphingolipids, but only trace amounts of phospha...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00515.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06433.x
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07258.x
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10942.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used thapsigargin (TG), a specific, irreversible inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+)-ATPases, and caffeine, an agonist of the ryanodine receptor, to study the effect of emptying of ER calcium stores on protein synthesis in neuronal cells. TG at 1 microM caused a permanent inhibition of protein synth...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67041735.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental changes of preprocholecystokinin mRNA (CCK mRNA) and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) were examined in rat brain regions (frontal cortex, colliculi, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) using RNA dot blot assays with cholecystokinin (CCK) cDNA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The CCK-L...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11772.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptic scaffolding molecule (S-SCAM) is a synaptic protein, which harbors five or six PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ), a guanylate kinase and two WW domains. It interacts with NMDA receptor subunits, neuroligin and beta-catenin, and is involved in the accumulation of neuroligin at excitatory synapses. In this study, w...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04170.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The P2X7 receptor/channel responds to extracellular ATP and is associated with neuronal death and neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Whether activation of P2X7 directly causes motor neuron death is unknown. We found that cultured motor neurons isolated from embryonic rat spinal ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12286
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and simple procedure is presented to obtain nearly pure populations of human neuron-like cells from the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Sequential exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum-free medium yields homogeneous populations of cells with neuronal morphol...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750991.x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been proposed that abnormal myo-inositol metabolism may be a factor in the development of diabetic complications. Studies with animal models of diabetes and cultured cells have suggested that hyperglycemia by an unknown mechanism may alter myo-inositol metabolism and content. Recently, we have shown that L-fuco...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10034.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of treatment of brain membranes with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEP), a histidine-modifying reagent, on the binding of 3H-labeled Ro 15-4513 (ethyl-8-azido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a]- [1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate) and [3H]diazepam were compared. DEP pretreatment produced a dose-dependent...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09406.x
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of L-2-[3H]amino-4-phosphonobutyrate ([3H]L-AP4) was examined in brain sections of wild-type mice and mice lacking the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Very high relative densities of [3H]L-AP4 binding were observed in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, the nucleus ba...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720835.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic and survival factor for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expression of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine (ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. We have found previ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05681.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
