Abstract:
:Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore thought to be important for the understanding of turbulence more generally. The fermionic 3He superfluids are attractive systems to study because their characteristics vary widely over the experimentally accessible temperature regime. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and numerical simulations indicating the existence of sharp transition to turbulence in the B phase of superfluid 3He. Above 0.60T(c) (where T(c) is the transition temperature for superfluidity) the hydrodynamics are regular, while below this temperature we see turbulent behaviour. The transition is insensitive to the fluid velocity, in striking contrast to current textbook knowledge of turbulence. Rather, it is controlled by an intrinsic parameter of the superfluid: the mutual friction between the normal and superfluid components of the flow, which causes damping of the vortex motion.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Finne AP,Araki T,Blaauwgeers R,Eltsov VB,Kopnin NB,Krusius M,Skrbek L,Tsubota M,Volovik GEdoi
10.1038/nature01880keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-08-28 00:00:00pages
1022-5issue
6952eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature01880journal_volume
424pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Sex in mammals is determined in the fetal gonad by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome gene Sry, which controls whether bipotential precursor cells differentiate into testicular Sertoli cells or ovarian granulosa cells. This pivotal decision in a single gonadal cell type ultimately controls sexual differentiat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10239
更新日期:2011-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence for the process of sympatric speciation, in which reproductive isolation of species occurs without physical isolation. Theoretical models have focused on disruptive natural selection as the crucial pressure for splitting a species. Here we report the theoretical finding that sympatric spec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/990087
更新日期:1999-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Pathfinding by growing axons in the developing nervous system may be guided by gradients of extracellular guidance factors. Analogous to the process of chemotaxis in microorganisms, we found that axonal growth cones of cultured Xenopus spinal neurons exhibit adaptation during chemotactic migration, undergoing consecut...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature745
更新日期:2002-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Mammals owe part of their evolutionary success to the harmonious exchanges of information, energy and immunity between females and their offspring. This functional reciprocity is vital for the survival and normal development of infants, and for the inclusive fitness of parents. It is best seen in the intense exchanges...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01739
更新日期:2003-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is now so common within the world's population that it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to ill health. In particular, obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and sleep-breathing disorders. O...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35007508
更新日期:2000-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Critical issues in the cognitive neuroscience of language are whether there are multiple systems for the representation of meaning, perhaps organized by processing system (such as vision or language), and whether further subsystems are distinguishable within these larger ones. We describe here a patient (K.R.) with ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/359060a0
更新日期:1992-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::The Earth's mantle is isotopically heterogeneous on length scales ranging from centimetres to more than 10(4) kilometres. This heterogeneity originates from partial melt extraction and plate tectonic recycling, whereas stirring during mantle convection tends to reduce it. Here we show that mid-ocean ridge basalts from...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04582
更新日期:2006-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::RecBCD enzyme is a processive DNA helicase and nuclease that participates in the repair of chromosomal DNA through homologous recombination. We have visualized directly the movement of individual RecBCD enzymes on single molecules of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Detection involves the optical trapping of solitary, flu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35053131
更新日期:2001-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable attention has centered recently on the changes in neuron excitability and synaptic efficacy caused by certain biogenic amines and neuropeptides. These neuromodulators act at a wide variety of both central and peripheral targets, and bring about diverse biological results. In sensory pathways, modulation o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/326793a0
更新日期:1987-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::The developmental fate of immature thymocytes is determined by the specificity of their T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). Immature CD4+8+ thymocytes are positively selected to differentiate into mature T cells by recognition of peptides associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded molecules on thymic ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/371067a0
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) prolongs retention of a learned behaviour and elevates arterial blood pressure. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a thousandfold lower dose of AVP than needed with s.c. injection produces the same behavioural effect, suggesting that AVP acts on th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301608a0
更新日期:1983-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::The study of bacterial ion channels has provided fundamental insights into the structural basis of neuronal signalling; however, the native role of ion channels in bacteria has remained elusive. Here we show that ion channels conduct long-range electrical signals within bacterial biofilm communities through spatially ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature15709
更新日期:2015-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::T cells recognize foreign proteins as peptides bound to self molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The kinetics of interaction between purified class II MHC molecules and peptides is unusual, in that the rate of association is very slow, but once formed, the complexes are extremely stable. T...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/342800a0
更新日期:1989-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::In magnetic memory devices, logical bits are recorded by selectively setting the magnetization vector of individual magnetic domains either 'up' or 'down'. In such devices, the fastest and most efficient recording method involves precessional switching: when a magnetic field B(p) is applied as a write pulse over a per...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02438
更新日期:2004-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Segmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain into rhombomeres is important for the anterior-posterior arrangement of cranial motor nuclei and efferent nerves. Underlying this reiterated organization, Hox genes display segmentally restricted domains of expression, such as expression of Hoxb-1 (refs 5, 6) in rhombomere 4 (r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/384630a0
更新日期:1996-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast nuclear protein Yra1p is an essential export factor for mRNA. Yra1p interacts directly with the mRNA transport factor Mex67p/Mtr2p, which is associated with the nuclear pore. Here, we report a genetic interaction between YRA1 and SUB2, the gene for a DEAD box helicase involved in splicing. Mutation of SUB2 a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35098113
更新日期:2001-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the organic component of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic technologies, particular with respect to wooden tools. Here I describe some wooden throwing spears about 400,000 years old that were discovered in 1995 at the Pleistocene site at Schöningen, Germany. They are thought to be the oldest complete...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385807a0
更新日期:1997-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of electron spins associated with single defects in solids is a critical operation for a range of quantum information and measurement applications under development. So far, it has been accomplished for only two defect centres in crystalline solids: phosphorus dopants in silicon, for which electrical rea...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12081
更新日期:2013-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature16544
更新日期:2016-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Large-conductance Ca(2+)-gated K(+) (BK) channels are essential for many biological processes such as smooth muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. This group of channels can be activated synergistically by both voltage and intracellular Ca(2+), with the large carboxy-terminal intracellular portion being res...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09252
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins are inherently plastic molecules, whose function often critically depends on excursions between different molecular conformations (conformers). However, a rigorous understanding of the relation between a protein's structure, dynamics and function remains elusive. This is because many of the conformers on its ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10349
更新日期:2011-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::A decade ago, Lovelock and Whitfield raised the question of how much longer the biosphere can survive on Earth. They pointed out that, despite the current fossil-fuel induced increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, the long-term trend should be in the opposite direction: as increased solar luminosity warms th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360721a0
更新日期:1992-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::The precursor frequency of T cells specific for any given foreign antigen is, in general, extremely low. Prominent exceptions to this rule are the T cells that are specific for foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products or for products of the minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls) genes in the mouse which are...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/335827a0
更新日期:1988-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land in Antarctica contain several closed basins in which perennially ice-covered lakes are found. One of the most unusual features of these lakes is the occurrence of high O2 concentrations in the water column; values ranging from slightly more than saturation to more than four t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/325343a0
更新日期:1987-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07033-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "Gardner hypothesis" suggests that an excess of childhood leukaemia near a nuclear reprocessing plant is caused by paternal exposure to ionizing radiation. But the evidence shows that this explanation is wrong. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/367678a0
更新日期:1994-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::How diverse cell fates and complex forms emerge and feed back to each other to sculpt functional organs remains unclear. In the developing heart, the myocardium transitions from a simple epithelium to an intricate tissue that consists of distinct layers: the outer compact and inner trabecular layers. Defects in this p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2946-9
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are substantial differences between the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn, it has been suggested that cryovolcanic activity at Enceladus could lead to electrodynamic coupling between Enceladus and Saturn like that which links Jupiter with Io, Europa and Ganymede. Powerful field-aligned electron beams...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09928
更新日期:2011-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodelling factor (ACF) functions to generate regularly spaced nucleosomes, which are required for heritable gene silencing. The mechanism by which ACF mobilizes nucleosomes remains poorly understood. Here we report a single-molecule FRET study that monitors the remodelling of...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08627
更新日期:2009-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Sheep learn to recognize the odours of their lambs within two hours of giving birth, and this learning involves synaptic changes within the olfactory bulb. Specifically, mitral cells become increasingly responsive to the learned odour, which stimulates release of both glutamate and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neuro...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/41765
更新日期:1997-08-14 00:00:00