Abstract：
:The work reported here was originally motivated by a discussion of Monte Carlo computer codes for electron transport in water given in Report No. 130 by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). It was pointed out (correctly) that a published depth-dose distribution calculated by the Oak Ridge electron transport code, OREC, for 800 keV electrons normally incident on a water slab was apparently in error, possibly due to inadequate treatment of elastic scattering. In this paper we describe the replacement of the original OREC elastic cross sections by current ones from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This investigation led also to the critical examination and revision of some other parts of the program, as described here. The revised code, which we have renamed NOREC, represents the first substantial review and modification of the Oak Ridge code in a number of years. We also present some comparisons of results calculated with the old and new versions and discuss their implications with respect to earlier studies. We have also written a version of NOREC in C++ language, which is available to other investigators. This paper provides a record of a response to the NCRP published statement and documentation for the revised code, NOREC.
journal_name
Radiat Environ Biophysjournal_title
Radiation and environmental biophysicsauthors
Semenenko VA,Turner JE,Borak TBdoi
10.1007/s00411-003-0201-zkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
213-7issue
3eissn
0301-634Xissn
1432-2099journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The observable responses of living systems to ionizing radiation depend on the level of biological organization studied. Understanding the relationships between the responses characteristic of the different levels of organization is of crucial importance. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how s...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-011-0382-9
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to verify whether extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) could affect transposition activity like some environmental stress factors such as heat shock or UV irradiation. Using an Escherichia coli Lac Z(-) strain transformed with a plasmid containing a Tn 10 derivative element expr...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-003-0192-9
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypoxic cytotoxic effect of chlorpromazine towards E. coli B/r was observed to be dependent on temperature of incubation and irradiation. Increasing the temperature of incubation from ambient to 37 degrees C followed by irradiation revealed that the organisms showed radiosensitivity of a magnitude which was two to...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01229816
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Model experiments with two structurally different proteins (alcohol dehydrogenase and salmine) show that glycine, alanine, and tyrosine are by far more frequently involved in photochemically induced cross-link formations with DNA than is cysteine. The yields for cross-link formation of thymidine with salmine (cysteine...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01332171
更新日期：1976-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:About a century ago, Conrad Röentgen discovered X-rays, and Henri Becquerel discovered a new phenomenon, which Marie and Pierre Curie later coined as radio-activity. Since their seminal work, we have learned much about the physical properties of radiation and its effects on living matter. Alas, the more we discover, t...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00411-007-0146-8
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preliminary results on the spectral dependence of the absorption of light in tissue are presented and discussed with respect to medical laser application. ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323942
更新日期：1977-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Responses of the S/S variant of the L5178Y murine leukemic lymphoblast, the photoreceptor cell of the rabbit retina and the lenticular epithelium of the rabbit to heavy ions (20Ne, 28Si, 40Ar and 56Fe) are described and discussed primarily from the standpoint of the need for a comprehensive theory of cellular radiosen...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01209679
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work was to define the possible occurrence of hematological changes during the course of a chronic ingestion of (137)Cs. A mouse model was used, with ingestion through drinking water with a cesium concentration of 20 kBq l(-1). Ingestion started in parent animals before mating, and (137)Cs intake and i...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-010-0267-3
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An LBO (Li2B4O7) walled ionization chamber was designed to monitor the epithermal neutron fluence in boron neutron capture therapy clinical irradiation. The thermal and epithermal neutron sensitivities of the device were evaluated using accelerator neutrons from the 9Be(d, n) reaction at a deuteron energy of 4 MeV (4 ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-017-0700-y
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of a well-known relationship between exposure to radiation and increased risk for cancer development, the biological mechanisms involved in radiation-induced carcinogenesis remain poorly documented. Various hypotheses are discussed in this paper. It appears that radiation cannot be directly responsible for th...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF01209747
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the increasing application of ionizing radiation in medicine, quantitative data on effects of low-dose radiation are needed to optimize radiation protection, particularly with respect to cataract development. Using mice as mammalian animal model, we applied a single dose of 0, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.5 Gy at 10 ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-017-0728-z
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of ionizing irradiation on the physiological activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in smooth muscle preparations from frog lung was studied. cAMP, given as dibutyryl salt (dib-cAMP) inhibited the radiation induced contractions of the muscle in a manner similar to the action of theophylline. In v...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01323750
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) responses remain an unresolved issue in radiation biology and risk assessment. Accurate knowledge of low-dose responses is important for estimation of normal tissue risk in cancer radiotherapy or health risks from occupational or hazard exposure. Cellular responses to low-dose IR appea...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-020-00854-x
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons (sub-keV) is simulated using a Monte Carlo method. The characteristics of the present simulation are to consider the new mechanism of DNA damage due to dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and to allow determining damage to specific bases (i.e., adenine...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-016-0681-2
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human female lymphocytes were exposed to X-rays in vitro at 7 different doses between 40-280 R. In 830 metaphases chromosome analyses were carried out with either conventional staining or G-banding, respectively. 486 breakpoints are non-randomly distributed between chromosomes and chromosome arms. An excess of lesions...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01340573
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived m...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of three disasters (the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, followed by a tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident) on feeding methods and growth in infants born after the disasters. Using results from the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Soso Distric...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-016-0636-7
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In head computed tomography, radiation upon the eye lens (as an organ with high radiosensitivity) may cause lenticular opacity and cataracts. Therefore, quantitative dose assessment due to exposure of the eye lens and surrounding tissue is a matter of concern. For this purpose, an accurate eye model with realistic geo...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-017-0686-5
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sulphur-containing radioprotectors mercaptoethylamine (MEA), aminoethylisothiourea (AET), 2- aminothiazoline , 4-oxo-2- aminothiazoline , and S-S-3- oxapentane -1,5- diisothiourea , and the radioprotective biogenic amines serotonin, histamine, and dopamine, caused the elevation of cAMP content and intensified the ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01213732
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major part of the liquid radioactive waste released by the Mayak Production Association (PA) radiochemical plant into the Techa river occurred in 1949-1951, but there is information on only one single radiochemical analysis of a water sample taken on 24 and 25 September 1951. These data are here used to assess the...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00411-003-0182-y
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cl-36 is an important component of nuclear waste. The concentrations of stable chlorine (Cl) in pig and cow tissues were measured to provide information which can be used to parameterize models of (36)Cl transfer into agricultural animals. The concentration of stable Cl in cows' milk was 1.0 +/- 0.2 g L(-1), in cow mu...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-007-0137-9
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A temporary increase in the incidence of infant leukaemia in Greece was reported by Petridou et al., which was attributed to in utero exposure to ionising radiation resulting from the Chernobyl accident. We performed a similar analysis based on the data of the German Childhood Cancer Registry in order to check whether...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004110050099
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of neutron scattering in the wall of a spherical proportional counter on the energy deposition spectra and the absorbed dose is investigated. Event probabilities, and frequency and dose-averaged deposited energies are calculated with and without scattering contribution and compared. The change of absorbe...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01328977
更新日期：1975-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Thorough studies of 28 water bodies, predominantly lakes from the younger moraine area of Schleswig-Holstein, Northern Germany but also some peat bog waters in Niedersachsen, Northern Germany and lake Balaton in Hungary, showed the presence of at least six redox systems: NO3-/NO2-; NO3-/NH4+; NO2-/NH4+; So/HS-; So/H2S...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01221229
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large lung sections of humans of advanced adult age revealed a markedly nonuniform retention pattern of dense anthracotic particle aggregates, with an impressive accumulation of this material along pulmonary lymphatics, i.e. the deep (peribronchial), septal (perivenous) and superficial (pleural) networks. Conversely, ...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01221972
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The model of radiocaesium transfer to sheep presented by Galer et al. provides reliable predictions only for sheep of a similar body weight to those used in the development of the model (approximately 30 kg). To extend the applicability of the model, it was necessary to re-parameterise it in terms of activity concentr...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01211238
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity concentrations of the selected radionuclides (40)K, (226)Ra and (232)Th were measured in surface soil samples collected from 38 cities in the southwest region of Nigeria by means of gamma spectroscopy with a high-purity germanium detector. Measured activity concentration values of (40)K varied from 34.9 +/- 4...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-009-0225-0
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The probability of the formation of ionization clusters by primary alpha-particles at 5.4 MeV in nanometric volumes of propane was studied experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulation, as a function of the distance between the center line of the particle beam and the center of the target volume. The volumes were of cy...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-002-0171-6
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on rats exposed to cigarette smoke before or after exposure to radon are used to estimate smoke-dependent parameters of the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model. The baseline parameters and the action of radon acting on initiation and promotion were fixed based on earlier work. Cigarette smoke acti...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-005-0006-3
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For radiation exposures employing targeted sources such as particle microbeams, the deposition of energy and dose will depend on the spatial heterogeneity of the sample. Although cell structural variations are relatively minor for two-dimensional cell cultures, they can vary significantly for fully differentiated tiss...
journal_title：Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00411-011-0371-z
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
