Abstract:
:The biological function of Glu-181 in the photoactivation process of rhodopsin is explored through spectroscopic studies of site-specific mutants. Preresonance Raman vibrational spectra of the unphotolyzed E181Q mutant are nearly identical to spectra of the native pigment, supporting the view that Glu-181 is uncharged (protonated) in the dark state. The pH dependence of the absorption of the metarhodopsin I (Meta I)-like photoproduct of E181Q is investigated, revealing a dramatic shift of its Schiff base pKa compared with the native pigment. This result is most consistent with the assignment of Glu-181 as the primary counterion of the retinylidene protonated Schiff base in the Meta I state, implying that there is a counterion switch from Glu-113 in the dark state to Glu-181 in Meta I. We propose a model where the counterion switch occurs by transferring a proton from Glu-181 to Glu-113 through an H-bond network formed primarily with residues on extracellular loop II (EII). The resulting reorganization of EII is then coupled to movements of helix III through a conserved disulfide bond (Cys110-Cys187); this process may be a general element of G protein-coupled receptor activation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Yan EC,Kazmi MA,Ganim Z,Hou JM,Pan D,Chang BS,Sakmar TP,Mathies RAdoi
10.1073/pnas.1531970100keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-08-05 00:00:00pages
9262-7issue
16eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1531970100journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator of host immunity and functions as a high, upstream activator of cells within the innate and the adaptive immunological systems. Recent studies have suggested a potentially broader role for MIF in growth regulation because of its ability to antagonize p53-media...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1533295100
更新日期:2003-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::When the magnetic susceptibility of frozen aqueous solutions of human oxyhemoglobin was measured in the range between 25 and 250 K, it showed a temperature-dependent behavior typical of a thermal equilibrium between a ground singlet state and an excited triplet state for two electrons per heme, the energy separation b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.398
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemoglobin oxidation Bohr effect below pH 7 is essentially proportional to the fraction of hemes oxidized, just as the ligation Bohr effect is proportional to fractional heme ligation. The reported nonlinear proton release during oxidation [(1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 3317-3324] is shown to be an artifact resulting...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.800
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many bacterial pathogens produce diffusible signal factor (DSF)-type quorum sensing (QS) signals in modulation of virulence and biofilm formation. Previous work on Xanthomonas campestris showed that the RpfC/RpfG two-component system is involved in sensing and responding to DSF signals, but little is known in other mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205037109
更新日期:2012-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERalpha also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERalpha stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. To address these issues, we generated a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914501107
更新日期:2010-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cobra venom factor (CVF) is the complement-activating protein in cobra venom. Like C3b, CVF forms with factor B and factor D in human and mammalian serum the bimolecular C3/C5 convertase. This functional similarity of CVF and C3 correlates with many structural similarities, which led to the suggestion that CVF is evol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12775
更新日期:1994-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::We have used low magnesium concentrations and the specific antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5) to estimate the effects of long-term potentiation (LTP) on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor-mediated components of postsynaptic responses. LTP induction resulted in a considerably larger p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.9346
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression has a stochastic component because of the single-molecule nature of the gene and the small number of copies of individual DNA-binding proteins in the cell. We show how the statistics of such systems can be mapped onto quantum many-body problems. The dynamics of a single gene switch resembles the spin-b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2627987100
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::A highly purified fraction obtained from scrapie (263-K strain)-infected hamsters' brains by an alternative procedure without proteinase K treatment contained a protease-resistant form of the scrapie precursor protein (PrPSc) and infectivity of 9.9 +/- 0.7 log LD50/ml. Polyclonal antibodies produced against hamster sc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6373
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::High molecular weight proteins extracted from the walking nerves of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) exhibit a cycle of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation that is influenced by neurotropic compounds and inorganic ions. The net phosphorylation state of the proteins is increased in the presence of K+ ions and decreased w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.2.812
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because synaptic vesicle exocytosis is a nano-mechanical process, it should be influenced by the mechanical properties of the cell membrane to which the vesicle fuses. By dissolving surfactants at various concentrations in the neuronal membrane, we have perturbed mechanical properties of the membrane and have found th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0809714105
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::There is accumulating evidence that AKT signaling plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We asked whether Akt1 deficiency in mice results in structural and functional abnormalities in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Exploratory transcriptional profiling revealed concerted alterations in the expression of PFC gene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604994103
更新日期:2006-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::In a passive dendritic tree, inhibitory synaptic inputs activating ionic conductances with an equilibrium potential near the resting potential can effectively veto excitatory inputs. Analog interactions of this type can be very powerful if the inputs are appropriately timed and occur at certain locations. We examine w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2799
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids play an important biphasic role in modulating neural plasticity; low doses enhance neural plasticity and spatial memory behavior, whereas chronic, higher doses produce inhibition. We found that 3 independent measures of mitochondrial function-mitochondrial oxidation, membrane potential, and mitochondri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812671106
更新日期:2009-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the effect of the cholinergic agonist carbachol on the spontaneous release of glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal cells. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) through glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type channels were recorded by means of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12224
更新日期:1997-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Despite high structural homology between NO reductases (NORs) and heme-copper oxidases (HCOs), factors governing their reaction specificity remain to be understood. Using a myoglobin-based model of NOR (FeBMb) and tuning its heme redox potentials (E°') to cover the native NOR range, through manipulating hydrogen bondi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720298115
更新日期:2018-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::The fatty acids associated with phospholipids of cell membranes, and particularly their degree of unsaturation, contribute to the fluidity of their structure and hance determine many of their biological properties. We describe a technique for modulating membrane fluidity which consists of hydrogenating the unsaturated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3971
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An improved mammalian two-hybrid system designed for interaction trap screening is described in this paper. CV-1/EBNA-1 monkey kidney epithelial cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) were stably transfected with a reporter plasmid for GAL4-dependent expression of the green fluorescent protein ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5220
更新日期:2000-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotrophins are essential for neuronal differentiation, but the onset and the intensity of neurotrophin signaling within the neuronal microenvironment are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that extracellular nucleotides and their cognate receptors regulate neurotrophin-mediated differentiation. We found th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505913102
更新日期:2005-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Through the agr quorum-sensing system, staphylococci secrete unique autoinducing peptides (AIPs) and detect their concentration via the AgrC transmembrane receptor, coordinating local bacterial population density with global changes in gene expression. Unique AIP and AgrC variants exist within and between species, and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807760106
更新日期:2009-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen is known to influence pain, but the specific roles of the two estrogen receptors (ERs) in the spinal cord are unknown. In the present study, we have examined the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the spinal cord and have looked for defects in pain pathways in ERbeta knockout (ERbeta(-/-)) mice. In the spina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705936104
更新日期:2007-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-associated and periplasmic proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C-58 were compared with those from avirulent (nontumrigenic) derivative strains by slab and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two proteins (Per-I and Per-2), with a molecular weight of 37,500 and 37,300, respectively, were detected in the sup...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3796
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The derivation of germ-line competent avian primordial germ cells establishes a cell-based model system for the investigation of germ cell differentiation and the production of genetically modified animals. Current methods to modify primordial germ cells using DNA or retroviral vectors are inefficient and prone to epi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1118715109
更新日期:2012-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::CD95 type I and II cells differ in their dependence on mitochondria to execute apoptosis, because antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family render only type II cells resistant to death receptor-induced apoptosis. They can also be distinguished by a more efficient formation of the death-inducing signaling complex in ty...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2034995100
更新日期:2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated that the entire murine N-myc gene and the sequences necessary for its expression in human neuroblastoma cells are contained within a 7.4-kilobase murine genomic clone. The complete nucleotide sequence of this gene reveals a number of striking similarities and differences when compared to the relat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.6.1827
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors that elevate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide levels are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Insulysin has been identified as one of several proteases potentially involved in Abeta degradation based on its hydrolysis of Abeta peptides in vitro. In this study, in vivo levels of brain Abeta40 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1031520100
更新日期:2003-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::An electron density map at 3 angstrom resolution has been calculated for Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, and the course of the main chain has been traced. The dominant structural feature is an 8-stranded barrel of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. There is one very short helical section and tw...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.4.1349
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals are typically colonized by diverse bacterial symbionts, many of which are commensal and, in numerous cases, even essential for their host's proper development and growth. In exchange, the host must supply a sufficient array and quantity of nutrients to support the proliferation and persistence of its microbial...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1818
更新日期:1998-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Endocytic protein trafficking is directed by sorting signals on cargo molecules that are recognized by cytosolic adaptor proteins. However, the steps necessary to segregate the variety of cargoes during endocytosis remain poorly defined. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we demonstrate that multiple plasma membrane endocy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302918110
更新日期:2013-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ACC to ethylene. Following conventional column fractionation, the enzyme was purified 180-fold to near homogeneity with a specific activity of 20 nmol/(mg.min). This purified enzyme preparation migrated as a single protein band with an apparent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9789
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00