Abstract:
PURPOSE:To compare conventional pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (cVEPs) with multifocal VEPs (mfVEPs). METHODS:mfVEPs and cVEPs were recorded during the same session in 12 normal subjects with an active electrode at Oz referenced to the inion (Oz-In) or to a midfrontal position, Fz (Oz-Fz). The mfVEP stimulus, a 60-sector dartboard, had a mean luminance of 100 cd/m(2) and a diameter of 42.2 degrees. The cVEP checkerboard stimulus subtended 21 degrees, had a mean luminance of 75 cd/m(2) and a contrast of 90%. Transient responses (2.5 Hz) were recorded for check sizes ranging from 12 to 50 minutes of arc (minarc). White cardboard masks were used to isolate upper and lower hemifields, within various field windows, for comparison with corresponding parts of the mfVEP. In a second experiment, VEPs were obtained using slowed m-sequences (8 and 16 video frames per m-step), as well as square-wave periodic reversals (2.4 Hz), for both the scaled dartboard display and an unscaled checkerboard display (check size of 50 minarc). RESULTS:The mfVEPs to fast m-sequence stimulation showed a strong polarity reversal between waveforms from the upper versus the lower hemifield. The cVEPs had larger amplitudes (approximately 3x) and longer implicit times (approximately 15-20 ms) and did not show the polarity reversal. Amplitude asymmetry between upper and lower hemifields was larger for cVEPs than for mfVEPs. As the stimulation rate was slowed, response amplitudes and implicit times of the major features increased, the upper versus lower polarity reversal was generally lost, and asymmetry of hemifield amplitudes grew. The same pattern of results was observed for scaled and unscaled spatial displays and for Oz-Fz and Oz-In signal derivations. CONCLUSIONS:Full-field cVEPs cannot be simply related to the sum of mfVEPs when each are recorded under their typical conditions. The stimulation rate has the largest influence on the differences between the two response types. The findings suggest that contributions from extrastriate sources are greater with the cVEP paradigm or the slowed mfVEP sequence than with the standard mfVEP paradigm.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Fortune B,Hood DCdoi
10.1167/iovs.02-0441keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-01 00:00:00pages
1364-75issue
3eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have examined the presence and distribution of integrin and fibronectin in the retinas of 21-day chick embryos and adult rats, with particular emphasis on the question of localization in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Isolated sheets of RPE solubilized and separated by gel electrophoresis contain integrin, a...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cannabinoids have been reported to mediate changes in vascular resistance through endothelial receptor targets. We examined involvement of the endothelium in cannabinoid-mediated vasoactive responses in resistance arterioles of the retina. METHODS:Vascular responses to both intraluminal (IL) and extraluminal (...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14879
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was undertaken to improve understanding of the defective lens developmental changes induced by the transgenic overexpression of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor RhoGDIalpha. The study was focused on a single differentially expressed gene encoding ponsin, a cell adhesion interacting signaling adapto...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2909
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether there is rod system dysfunction in the central retina of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS:Dark-adapted sensitivity (500-nm stimulus) and light-adapted sensitivity (600 nm) were measured psychophysically at 52 loci in the central 38 degrees (diameter) of retina ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in mice is an important model for elucidating basic mechanisms in autoimmune eye disease. The need for pertussis toxin (PTX) as an additional adjuvant to elicit EAU has limited the usefulness of this model in some types of studies by introducing a pleiotropic factor w...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The activation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor system is associated with retinal diseases. Among peptide inhibitors of this system, UPARANT acts by preventing the onset of pathologic signs of neovascular ocular diseases. We investigated whether systemic UPARANT may act in a therapeu...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.17-21593
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freshly enucleated rabbit eyes were refrigerated at +4 degrees C under standard eye bank conditions for 2, 6, 9, and 21 days. One group of corneas with a scleral rim were excised and placed in M-K medium, stored for 18, 24, or 48 hr at +4 degrees C; they were then removed, and endothelial cell viability was evaluated ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Bacillus cereus causes one of the most rapidly blinding forms of bacterial endophthalmitis. Migration of B. cereus throughout the eye during endophthalmitis is a unique aspect of this disease that may contribute to intraocular virulence. This study was conducted to analyze the contribution of swarming and intra...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0301
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Mutations in the genes that control cell proliferation in cutaneous melanoma are generally uncommon in uveal melanoma. Despite the absence of known activating mutations, the RAF-MEK-ERK, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), pathway is usually activated in uveal melanoma. An assay with increased potential...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0722
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ultrasonic pachometer was used to measure the central, mid-peripheral, and peripheral thickness in 17 locations across the corneas of 12 adult New Zealand Albino rabbit eyes. The mean thickness at each location was entered into a microcomputer to generate a three-dimensional plot of corneal thickness. The rabbit co...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the impact of glaucoma-related vision loss on measures of out-loud reading, including time to say individual words, interval time between consecutive words, lexical errors, skipped words, and repetitions. METHODS:Glaucoma subjects (n = 63) with bilateral visual field loss and glaucoma suspect control...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-15462
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), such as dioxins, are highly toxic. One such ligand, TCDD, was found to exert potent immunosuppressive capacities in mice developing pathogenic autoimmune processes, including EAU, but its toxicity makes it unusable for humans. A recently identified endogenous AHR lig...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11479
更新日期:2013-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the involvement of p27(KIP1) in the regulation of the proliferation of the developing corneal endothelium. METHODS:Central and peripheral corneas in C57Bl6 mice at postnatal day (P)1, P11, and 12 weeks after birth were analyzed by immunocytochemistry with anti-p27(KIP1), -p57(KIP2), and -proliferati...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1238
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in epiretinal membranes from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to investigate effects of inhibition of MeCP2 and DNA methylation on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced retinal pigment epithe...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-16258
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the scene gist recognition in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to study the relationship between scene recognition and macular function. METHODS:Twenty-seven patients with age-related macular degeneration with a visual acuity lower than 20/50 and 17 age-matched controls were inclu...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5517
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To estimate gender- and age-specific prevalence of myopia and identify risk indicators for myopia in a population-based sample of Latino adults aged 40 years and older in La Puente, California. METHODS:Noncycloplegic automated refraction with supplemental standardized subjective refraction was performed for pr...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1153
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of amino acids on ornithine cytotoxicity in ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT)-deficient human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as an in vitro model of gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina. METHODS:RPE cells were treated with 0.5 mM 5-fluoromethylornithine (5-FMOrn)...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0403
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short-term fluctuation in regular grid threshold static fields is commonly determined from repeated observations of a number of threshold points. In this study we estimated the short-term fluctuation from a single determination of the field. Sixty-two eyes of 62 patients were tested, using three consecutive repeti...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We tested the hypothesis that retinal blood flow has a postocclusive reactive hyperemia response modulated by occlusion duration and metabolic activity, and that choroidal blood flow does not. METHODS:Anesthetized and paralyzed rats (n = 34) were studied. Retinal and choroidal blood flow was measured by laser ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12404
更新日期:2013-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors of teleosts exhibit dramatic examples of cell motility (called retinomotor movements) in response to diurnal changes in lighting conditions. In darkness the pigment granules of the RPE migrate to the scleral base of the RPE cell and cone photoreceptors elongate. ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasminogen activator (PA) activity during epithelial wound healing in vitamin A-deficient rats was investigated to determine whether a relationship exists between corneal defect formation and PA activity. Uniform, central 3 mm diameter corneal epithelial wounds were made by scalpel debridement in vitamin A-deficient ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The authors recently reported that a severe inflammatory response resulting in substantial loss of acinar cells was induced by a single injection of interleukin-1alpha into the lacrimal gland and that this effect was reversible. The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanisms involved in lacrim...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1730
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the incidence of mutations in RPGR ORF15 in six families with X-linked progressive retinal degeneration (cone-rod dystrophy [XLCORD], macular or cone dystrophy) and to undertake a detailed phenotypic assessment of families in whom ORF15 mutations were identified. METHODS:To amplify and sequence ORF15 i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1482
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To establish, using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), that the retinal parafoveal capillary network is altered before the onset of diabetic retinopathy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:AOSLO videos were acquired in the parafoveal region of one eye from control subjects and f...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8481
更新日期:2011-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether polymorphisms in the gene encoding the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which has been linked to changes in functional ligand-binding activity, are associated with retinal vasculitis (RV) in a cohort of patients in the United Kingdom. METHODS:DNA was prepared from whole blood of 126 patients w...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1631
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a freezing point depression method, requiring volumes of only 200 nanoliters, the osmolalities of 324 tear samples collected at consecutive 10-minute intervals throughout 8.5-hour periods from each of six healthy young adults were measured. The population mean was found to be 318 mOsm/kg, with a population media...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Tests for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis have not been well characterized, because there is no gold standard test. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory and clinical tests for trachoma in the absence of a gold standard. METHODS:Individual data from pr...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7419
更新日期:2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Contact inhibition has been implicated as an important antiproliferative mechanism in developing and mature corneal endothelium. Although exogenous TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 in aqueous humor suppress S-phase entry in cultured rat corneal endothelial cells, it is not known whether TGF-beta2 contributes to the mito...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Clonidine and brimonidine, two alpha-2 agonists, have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. Little is known, however, about the exact role of alpha receptors in the control of ocular blood flow in the posterior pole of the eye. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate t...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0178
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the optimal frequency of imaging during follow-up to detect glaucoma progression by characterizing variability (noise) in neuroretinal rim area (RA) measured by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). METHODS:RA noise was estimated from patient data and ch...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0096
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00