Abstract:
:GenBank (R) is a comprehensive sequence database that contains publicly available DNA sequences for more than 119 000 different organisms, obtained primarily through the submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects. Most submissions are made using the BankIt (web) or Sequin programs and accession numbers are assigned by GenBank staff upon receipt. Daily data exchange with the EMBL Data Library in the UK and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI's retrieval system, Entrez, which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and the biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of the GenBank database are available by FTP. To access GenBank and its related retrieval and analysis services, go to the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Benson DA,Karsch-Mizrachi I,Lipman DJ,Ostell J,Wheeler DLdoi
10.1093/nar/gkg057keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
23-7issue
1eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The frequencies of occurrence of four bases in the first, second and third codon positions and in the total coding sequences have been calculated by the codon usage table published in 1990 by Ikemura et al. The distribution of frequencies are further analysed in detail by a graphic technique presented recently by us. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.22.6313
更新日期:1991-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::A soluble enzyme system that specifically initiates lambda dv plasmid DNA replication at a bacteriophage lambda replication origin [Wold et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 6176-6180] is also capable of replicating the single-stranded circular chromosomes of phages M13 and phi X174 to a duplex form. This chai...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.7.3069
更新日期:1984-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA/TFAM) is a nucleus-encoded, high-mobility-group-box (HMG-box) protein that regulates transcription of the mitochondrial genome by specifically recognizing light-strand and heavy-strand promoters (LSP, HSP1). TFAM also binds mitochondrial DNA in a non-sequence specific (NSS) ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr787
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is the bacterial Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (https://www.patricbrc.org). PATRIC supports bioinformatic analyses of all bacteria with a special emphasis on pathogens, offering a rich comparative...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz943
更新日期:2020-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::The Phospho.ELM resource (http://phospho.elm.eu.org) is a relational database designed to store in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation data extracted from the scientific literature and phosphoproteomic analyses. The resource has been actively developed for more than 7 years and currently comprises 42,574 serine, threoni...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1104
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is an error-prone repair mechanism, which introduces mutations at break sites and contributes to chromosomal translocations and telomere fusions, thus driving carcinogenesis. Mitotic kin...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky810
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-DNA binding is a fundamental component of gene regulatory processes, but it is still not completely understood how proteins recognize their target sites in the genome. Besides hydrogen bonding in the major groove (base readout), proteins recognize minor-groove geometry using positively charged amino acids (sha...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx915
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes a novel functional property of the eukaryotic transcription factor NF-kappa B in altering the DNA structure. We observed that the binding of purified NF-kappa B to DNA was facilitated by spermine and cations which are known to promote DNA bending, and by a nick in one position at the 3'-end of the...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/18.22.6497
更新日期:1990-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of transfer RNA genes by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is controlled by general factors, TFIIIB and TFIIIC, and a negative regulator, Maf1. Here we report the interplay between TFIIIC and Maf1 in controlling Pol III activity upon the physiological switch of yeast from fermentation to respiration. TFIIIC d...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky656
更新日期:2018-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Post-synthetic enzymatic hypermethylation of DNA was induced in hamster fibrosarcoma cells by the DNA synthesis inhibitors cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea and aphidicolin. This effect required direct inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha or reduction in deoxynucleotide pools and was not specific to a single cell type. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/14.10.4353
更新日期:1986-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::We have located and sequenced the murine homologue of the hst/k-FGF oncogene in genomic DNA clones that extend 3' from int-2 on mouse chromosome 7. The two genes are in the same transcriptional orientation, less than 20 kilobase pairs (kb) apart, and presumably evolved by tandem duplication of a common ancestral gene....
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.11.4037
更新日期:1989-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Generation of double-stranded cDNA during reverse transcription of a variety of mRNA molecules is well known to involve the formation of covalently linked antisense and sense strands in a hairpin configuration. In the present study we have examined the sequence of molecular events which occurs during cDNA synthesis fr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.24.5302
更新日期:1994-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The location of target DNA sequences within chromatin may affect the ability of trans-acting factors to bind cis-elements and regulate gene transcription. To examine the effect of chromatin structure on the ability of the estrogen-estrogen receptor complex (E2R) to bind its respective DNA binding element within the ra...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.6.1065
更新日期:1996-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are the most abundant class of post-transcriptional regulators and have been well studied in Gram-negative bacteria. Little is known about the functions and mechanisms of sRNAs in high GC Gram-positive bacteria including Mycobacterium and Streptomyces. Here, we performed an in-d...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz149
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::H3K4me3 is a histone modification that accumulates at the transcription-start site (TSS) of active genes and is known to be important for transcription activation. The way in which H3K4me3 is regulated at TSS and the actual molecular basis of its contribution to transcription remain largely unanswered. To address thes...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gks773
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::3'-O-(5'-phosphoryldeoxycytidyl) phosphorothioate and fluorescent 3'-O-(5'-phosphoryldeoxycytidyl) S-bimane phosphorothioate can be ligated to tRNA by T4 RNA ligase. They are also efficient donors for the enzymatic ligation to oligodeoxynucleotides bearing a 3'-cytidine terminus. Cytidine 3',5'-bisphosphate is also a ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.4.1791
更新日期:1984-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Positive control of the wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH promoter by the NifA protein requires that NifA is bound at the upstream activator sequence (UAS). By introducing base substitutions at -15 to -17 in the RNA polymerase recognition sequence of the nifH promoter, positive control by a form of NifA unable to b...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.7.2597
更新日期:1989-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1992, FlyBase (flybase.org) has been an essential online resource for the Drosophila research community. Concentrating on the most extensively studied species, Drosophila melanogaster, FlyBase includes information on genes (molecular and genetic), transgenic constructs, phenotypes, genetic and physical interacti...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1016
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA), an abundant snRNA required for splicing of pre-mRNAs, contains several post-transcriptional modifications including a single m6A (N-6-methyladenosine) at position 43. This A-43 residue is critical for the function of U6 snRNA in splicing of pre-mRNAs. Yeast and plant U6 snRNAs al...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/23.13.2421
更新日期:1995-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating non-hydrolyzable dialkyl sulfide linked thymidine dimers (TsT) were synthesized chemically by the solid-phase approach. The sulfide dimer TsT was stable to degradation by snake-venom phosphodiesterase, calf spleen phosphodiesterase, Nuclease P1 and Nuclease S1. Thermal denaturat...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/21.6.1473
更新日期:1993-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Dlx2, Lymphoid Enhancer Factor (Lef-1) and Msx2 transcription factors are required for several developmental processes. To understand the control of gene expression by these factors, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays identified Msx2 as a downstream target of Dlx2 and Lef-1. Dlx2 activates the Msx2 promoter i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkl689
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleolus is a unique structural component of interphase nuclei where the ribosomal genes, trans-cribed by RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I), are organized. In the present study, the repair of UV-induced photolesions was investigated in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in relation to RNA pol I transcription. We used hamster ce...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/27.12.2511
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::PCAF and hGCN5 are distinct human genes that encode proteins related to the yeast histone acetyltransferase and transcriptional adapter GCN5. The PCAF protein shares extensive similarity with the 439 amino acids of yGCN5, but it has an approximately 350 amino acid N-terminal extension that interacts with the transcrip...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/26.12.2948
更新日期:1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::BioModels Database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/), part of the international initiative BioModels.net, provides access to published, peer-reviewed, quantitative models of biochemical and cellular systems. Each model is carefully curated to verify that it corresponds to the reference publication and gives the proper...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkj092
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coralyne is a small crescent-shaped molecule known to intercalate duplex and triplex DNA. We report that coralyne can cause the complete and irreversible disproportionation of duplex poly(dT)*poly(dA). That is, coralyne causes the strands of duplex poly(dT)*poly(dA) to repartition into equal molar equivalents of tripl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/30.4.983
更新日期:2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription termination defines accurate transcript 3'-ends and ensures programmed transcriptomes, making it critical to life. However, transcription termination mechanisms remain largely unknown in Archaea. Here, we reported the physiological significance of the newly identified general transcription termination fa...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa702
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Conditional gene targeting depends on tissue and time specificity of recombination events. Endogenous promoters are often used to drive various transgenic constructs. To avoid the problems associated with reconstituting a specific expression pattern in transgenic animals by this method, we tested the internal ribosome...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/27.6.1552
更新日期:1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::For efficient DNA cleavage, the Type III restriction endonuclease EcoP15I communicates with two inversely oriented recognition sites in an ATP-dependent process. EcoP15I consists of methylation (Mod) and restriction (Res) subunits forming a multifunctional enzyme complex able to methylate or to cleave DNA. In this stu...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1239
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polypeptides recognized by a monoclonal antibody against calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha (secreted from a hybridoma CL22 -2- 42B , Nucleic Acids Res. (1982) 10, 4703-4713) were identified by the immunoblot method as the large polypeptides of the partially-purified 10S DNA polymerase alpha fraction. Using an immun...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.11.4455
更新日期:1984-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other retroviruses show extensive genomic variation, which is primarily due to error-prone replication by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) enzymes. RT errors include misincorporation with subsequent extension of the mismatched terminal base, and extension of realigned pri...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/23.8.1319
更新日期:1995-04-25 00:00:00