Abstract:
:The proteins encoded by the breast-cancer-susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have recently been implicated in DNA-repair processes, thereby improving our understanding of how the loss of these genes contributes to cancer initiation and progression. It appears that the role of BRCA1 in DNA repair, which could involve the integration of several pathways, is broader than that of BRCA2. BRCA1 functions in the signalling of DNA damage and its repair by homologous recombination, nucleotide-excision repair and possibly non-homologous end-joining. BRCA2 has a more specific role in DNA repair, regulating the activity of RAD51, which is required for homologous recombination. An improved understanding of the interactions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 with other proteins in large macromolecular complexes is helping to reveal their exact role in DNA repair.
journal_name
Trends Mol Medjournal_title
Trends in molecular medicineauthors
Tutt A,Ashworth Adoi
10.1016/s1471-4914(02)02434-6keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
571-6issue
12eissn
1471-4914issn
1471-499Xpii
S1471491402024346journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cardiovascular diseases predominantly result from atherosclerosis, a natural biological phenomenon reflecting food intake and energy production in humans. Lipolysis of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an essential element of energy production that delivers free fatty acids t...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that male reproductive function is modulated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The MAPK cascade is involved in numerous male reproductive processes, including spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and activation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, before fertilization of t...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.002
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In acute organ failure, rapid compensation of function loss assures survival. Dedifferentiation and/or proliferation of surviving parenchymal cells could imply a transient (and potentially fatal) impairment of residual functional performance. However, evolution has selected two flexible life-saving mechanisms acting s...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.006
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical diagnosis and phenotyping increasingly incorporate information from complex biological samples. This has promoted the development and clinical application of non-invasive metabolomics in exhaled air (breathomics). In respiratory medicine, expired volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are associated with inflammato...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.001
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocannabinoid signaling system (ECSS) is altered by exposure to stress and mediates and modulates the effects of stress on the brain. Considerable preclinical data support critical roles for the endocannabinoids and their target, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, in the adaptation of the brain to repeated stress exp...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.002
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are cutting edge biotechnology that may revolutionize medicine, and creating iPSCs from ethnically diverse individuals would generate valuable therapeutic and drug development tools. However, challenges must be overcome in creating the infrastructure and scientific capacity neede...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.10.005
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over recent decades anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs) have produced promising results in the treatment of different malignancies. Unfortunately, resistance often develops and patients ultimately relapse. In an attempt to elucidate the causes of recurrence, most studies have focused on tumor responses to hypoxic conditi...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.002
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory signaling underlies many diseases, from arthritis to cancer. Our understanding of inflammation has thus far been limited to the world of proteins, because we are only just beginning to understand the role that noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) might play. It is now clear that ncRNA do not constitute transcriptional ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.11.003
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::H(2)O(2) is a reactive oxygen species that has drawn much interest because of its role as a second messenger in receptor-mediated signaling. Mammalian 2-Cys peroxiredoxins have been shown to eliminate efficiently the H(2)O(2) generated in response to receptor stimulation. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins are members of a novel pe...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.10.006
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degenerated motor neurons in the spinal cord are the pathological hallmark of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA is caused by mutations in the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which lead to reduced levels of functional SMN protein. Many different functions have been assigned to SMN, includin...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.01.005
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cells of bone and the immune system communicate by means of soluble and membrane-bound cytokines and growth factors. Through local signalling mechanisms, cells of the osteoblast lineage control the formation and activity of osteoclasts and, therefore, the resorption of bone. Both T and B lymphocytes produce activa...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.12.004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is increasingly being used as a simple model for the investigation of problems that are relevant to human health. This article focuses on several recent examples of Dictyostelium-based biomedical research, including the analysis of immune-cell disease and chemotaxis, centroso...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.003
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling has a key role in memory processes and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for memory disorders. The activation of PKA signaling is crucial for the consolidation of long-term memories dependent on the hippocampus and/or the amygdala, By contrast, initia...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.01.006
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammasome is a key regulator of immune responses in the gut. Two recent studies in the journal Cell demonstrate that epithelial inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion can control intestinal homeostasis or induce autoinflammation. ILC3 cells are triggered to secrete IL-22, regulating IL-18 expression in epi...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.02.008
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common internal malignancy affecting men and women in Western countries. Chronic intestinal inflammation, especially of the colon, is also a Western disease and correlates with a significantly increased risk of developing cancer. This has suggested that the immune pr...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02107-4
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mTOR signaling network functions as a pivotal regulatory cascade during the development of the cerebral cortex. Aberrant hyperactivation of mTOR as a consequence of loss-of-function gene mutations encoding mTOR inhibitor proteins such as TSC1, TSC2, PTEN and STRADα has been recently linked to developmental cortica...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.07.008
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is a complex, disabling disorder of the brain that manifests itself as attacks of often severe, throbbing head pain with sensory sensitivity to light, sound and head movement. There is a clear familial tendency to migraine, which has been well defined in a rare autosomal dominant form of familial hemiplegic m...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.11.005
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of functionally relevant polymorphisms of peptidylarginine deiminase 4, an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational citrullination of proteins, as a rheumatoid arthritis gene is one of the most convincing success stories of complex disease gene mapping to date. In addition to an extensive single...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2003.08.007
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1999, Tesarik and Greco reported that they could predict the developmental potential of human zygotes from a single static evaluation of their pronuclei. This was based on the distribution and number of specific nuclear organelles - the nucleoli. Recent studies in mice show that nucleoli play a key role in parental...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.09.005
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After years of continuous exposure to HIV envelope antigens, a minority of HIV-infected individuals develop a cognate polyclonal humoral response comprising very potent and extremely cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies [broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)]. Isolated bNAbs derived from memory B cell pools have b...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.007
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathways driving MS are modulated by DNA, lysine, and arginine methylation, as evidenced by studies made possible by novel tools for methylation detection or loss of function. We present evid...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor SOX9 is crucial for multiple aspects of development. Mutations in SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia, a haploinsufficiency disorder concordant with the expression profile of SOX9 during embryogenesis. The mechanistic understanding of development has revealed roles for SOX9 in regulating cartilage...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.001
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now widely accepted that the classic environmental risk factors for atherosclerosis only partly explain the incidence of coronary artery disease and the development of acute coronary syndromes. Therefore, genetic factors that vary among human populations seem to be involved in the clinical manifestations of such...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.08.004
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hedgehog (Hh) cascade controls cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning of tissues during embryogenesis but is largely suppressed in the adult. The Hh pathway can become reactivated in cancer. Here, we assimilate data from recent studies to understand how and when the Hh pathway is turned on to aid the n...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.05.003
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci that are associated with complex traits and diseases, but index variants are often not causal and reside in non-coding regions of the genome. To gain a better understanding of the relevant biological mechanisms, intermediate traits such as gene expressi...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.004
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-viral DNA vectors have several advantages over viral vectors. For example, virus production is expensive and there are safety concerns regarding viral manipulations. In addition, the size of the delivered plasmid is limited by the size of the viral capsid, whereas this is not a problem with non-viral vectors. The ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(03)00005-4
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have important physiological functions in maintaining tissue homeostasis but also contribute to CNS pathology. Microglia respond to changes in the microenvironment, and the resulting reactive phenotype can be very diverse, with both neuro...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.11.005
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Although current treatment options are limited, progress in understanding the molecular virology of hepatitis C has led to the identification of novel antiviral targets. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo model systems have b...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(02)02395-x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we explore the potential of single-cell genomic analysis in blood for early detection of cancer; we consider a method that screens the presence of recurrent patterns of copy number (CN) alterations using sparse single-cell sequencing. We argue for feasibility, based on in silico analysis of existing single-cell ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.05.005
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wound repair is a highly regulated process that requires the interaction of various cell types. It has been shown that cancers use the mechanisms of wound healing to promote their own growth. Therefore, it is of importance to identify common regulators of wound repair and tumor formation and to unravel their functions...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.009
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00