Abstract:
:The mechanism of membrane insertion and folding of a beta-barrel membrane protein has been studied using the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as an example. OmpA forms an eight-stranded beta-barrel that functions as a structural protein and perhaps as an ion channel in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. OmpA folds spontaneously from a urea-denatured state into lipid bilayers of small unilamellar vesicles. We have used fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis to investigate basic mechanistic principles of structure formation in OmpA. Folding kinetics followed a second-order rate law and is strongly depended on the hydrophobic thickness of the lipid bilayer. When OmpA was refolded into model membranes of dilaurylphosphatidylcholine, fluorescence kinetics were characterized by a rate constant that was about fivefold higher than the rate constants of formation of secondary and tertiary structure, which were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The formation of beta-sheet secondary structure and closure of the beta-barrel of OmpA were correlated with the same rate constant and coupled to the insertion of the protein into the lipid bilayer. OmpA, and presumably other beta-barrel membrane proteins therefore do not follow a mechanism according to the two-stage model that has been proposed for the folding of alpha-helical bundle membrane proteins. These different folding mechanisms are likely a consequence of the very different intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity patterns in these two classes of membrane proteins.
journal_name
J Mol Bioljournal_title
Journal of molecular biologyauthors
Kleinschmidt JH,Tamm LKdoi
10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01071-9keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-22 00:00:00pages
319-30issue
2eissn
0022-2836issn
1089-8638pii
S0022283602010719journal_volume
324pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The 3' flanking nucleotide(s) of the octanucleotide promoter sequence regulates transcriptional efficiency of some mitochondrial genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To understand this regulation the in vitro transcriptional activity of various synthetic mitochondrial promoters carrying different 3' flanking sequences w...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1483
更新日期:1998-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two mutant and the parent fliC genes, encoding the protein flagellin (serotype i), of Salmonella typhimurium. The flagellar filaments of the two mutants, SJW1655 and SJW1660, are locked in the straight-right-handed (R) and straight-left-handed (L) conformations, respective...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90382-g
更新日期:1991-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The thermodynamic hypothesis of Anfinsen postulates that structures and stabilities of globular proteins are determined by their amino acid sequences. Chain topology, however, is known to influence the folding reaction, in that motifs with a preponderance of local interactions typically fold more rapidly than those wi...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.001
更新日期:2010-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Using a protein truncation assay, we have identified a new mutation in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene that causes a severe defect in NF1 pre-mRNA splicing. The mutation, which consists of a G to A transition at position +1 of the 5' splice site of exon 12a, is associated with the loss of both exons 11 and 12a...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4561
更新日期:2001-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dimerizes in the phosphate-bound state in solution with a dissociation constant of K(d)=1.5(+/-0.1)mM and an off-rate on the order of 10(4)s(-1). 1H and 15N NMR chemical shifts identify the dimer interface, which is in excellent agreement with that observed i...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00714-3
更新日期:2002-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::The impenetrability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to most conventional drugs impedes the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interventions for diseases like brain cancer, neurodegeneration, or age-associated inflammatory processes require varied approaches to CNS drug delivery. Cystine-dense peptid...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.002
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin remodeling is fundamental for the dynamical changes in transcriptional programs that occur during development and stem cell differentiation. The histone acetyltransferase Kat6b is relevant for neurogenesis in mouse embryos, and mutations of this gene cause intellectual disability in humans. However, the mole...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.012
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Folding kinetics of large RNAs are just beginning to be investigated. We show that the Tetrahymena self-splicing RNA partitions into a population that rapidly reaches the native state, and a slowly folding population that is trapped in metastable misfolded structures. Transitions from the misfolded structures to the n...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1311
更新日期:1997-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of a class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in complex with the substrate analogue and inhibitor phosphoglycolohydroxamate (PGH) has been determined using X-ray diffraction terms to a resolution of 2.0 A (1 A=0.1 nm). The crystals are trigonal, space group P3121 with a=b=78.24 A, c=289.69 A. The asy...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2609
更新日期:1999-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic amyloid is found in more than 95 % of type II diabetes patients. Pancreatic amyloid is formed by the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin), which is a 37-residue peptide. Because pancreatic amyloid is cytotoxic, it is believed that its formation is directly associated with the developme...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3422
更新日期:2000-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Structural analysis of gelsolin domains 4-6 demonstrates that the two highest-affinity calcium ions that activate the molecule are in domains 5 and 6, one in each. An additional calcium site in domain 4 depends on subsequent actin binding and is seen only in the complex. The uncomplexed structure is primed to bind act...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00383-8
更新日期:2003-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::The dimer formed by the ATF-2 and c-Jun transcription factors is one of the main components of the human interferon-beta enhanceosome. Although these two transcription factors are able to form two homodimers and one heterodimer, it is mainly the heterodimer that participates in the formation of this enhanceosome, bind...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.11.050
更新日期:2010-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of filamentous bacteriophage Pf1 has been studied using neutron diffraction from magnetically oriented gels of native and valine-deuterated phage. Neutron diffraction intensities were measured to approximately 8 A resolution along the equator and first six layer-lines, and differences due to the deuterat...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90387-7
更新日期:1988-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The Bacillus subtilis gnt operon is negatively regulated by the gnt repressor (GntR, 243 amino acids), which is antagonized by gluconate. The GntR protein belongs to a new family of bacterial regulatory proteins (GntR family). To locate the DNA-binding domain of the GntR protein, we obtained mutations of this protein,...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1270
更新日期:1993-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Human prostate-specific antigen (PSA or KLK3) is an important marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. This is an androgen-regulated glycoprotein of the kallikrein-related protease family secreted by prostatic epithelial cells. Its physiological function is to cleave semenogelins in the seminal coag...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.052
更新日期:2008-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::The metalloenzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1 consists of three isozymes formed by combinations of two non-identical subunits; alpha alpha, alpha beta and beta beta; with molecular masses of 59,000, 63,000 and 67,000 Da, respectively. The alpha alpha isozyme crystallizes in the orthorhombic s...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1144
更新日期:1994-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EC 1.9.3.2), a redox enzyme synthesized by the bacterium grown in the presence of nitrate, is a soluble dimer of two identical subunits of 60 kDa, each containing one c and one d1 haem as prosthetic groups. A new crystal from of the Ps. aeruginosa nitrite reductase in the...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1659
更新日期:1994-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Serine 31 of histone H3.3 is phosphorylated during mitosis in mammalian cells and has been shown to influence chromosome segregation. We established a screening system to identify candidate kinase(s) phosphorylating H3.3S31 by using siRNA library targeting 720 human kinases, and we confirmed the results with an indepe...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.01.016
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In bacteria and lower eukaryotes, adaptation to changes in the environment is often mediated by two-component regulatory systems. Such systems provide the basis for chemotaxis, nitrogen and phosphate regulation and adaptation to osmotic stress, for example. In Escherichia coli, the sensor kinase EnvZ detects a change ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3809
更新日期:2000-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Under usual laboratory conditions, lysis by bacteriophage lambda requires only the holin and endolysin genes, but not the Rz and Rz1 genes, of the lysis cassette. Defects in Rz or Rz1 block lysis only in the presence of high concentrations of divalent cations. The lambda Rz and Rz1 lysis genes are remarkable in that R...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.045
更新日期:2007-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Crystals of the apo form of the vitamin B12 and colicin receptor, BtuB, that diffract to 1.95 A have been grown by the membrane-based in meso technique. The structure of the protein differs in several details from that of its counterpart grown by the more traditional, detergent-based (in surfo) method. Some of these d...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.022
更新日期:2006-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Pertussis toxin is a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. The protein is a hexamer containing a catalytic subunit (S1) that is tightly associated with a pentameric cell-binding component (B-oligomer). In vitro experiments have shown that ATP and a number of detergents ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0277
更新日期:1996-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Papaya mosaic virus coat protein has been treated with trypsin and a large fragment of the intact protein has been crystallized in space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21 (unit cell dimensions: a = b = 110 A, c = 237 A). The crystals diffract to 3.5 A resolution. Crystals of the untreated protein have also been grown. The untr...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1634
更新日期:1993-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme penicillin acylase (penicillin amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1. 11) catalyses the cleavage of the amide bond in the benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) side-chain to produce phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). The enzyme is of great pharmaceutical importance, as the product 6-APA is the starting poi...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2180
更新日期:1998-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigate the effect of thioredoxin (Trx1) protein fusions in the production, oxidation, and folding of single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. We analyze the expression levels, solubility, disulfide-bond formation, and antigen-binding properties of Trx1-scFv fusions ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.058
更新日期:2006-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Using a human non-immune phage library comprising more than 10(9) functional human antibody specificities in Fab format, we have been able to select a set of eight monoclonal Fabs targeted against diverse epitopes of the ectodomain of gp41 from HIV-1. The antigens used for panning the antibodies comprised two soluble,...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.044
更新日期:2005-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Protein catalyzed DNA rearrangements typically require assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures. In transposition and integration reactions, these structures, termed synaptic complexes, are mandatory for catalysis. We characterize the Tn5 pre-cleavage synaptic complex, the simplest transposition complex described ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4048
更新日期:2000-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::BACE2 is a membrane-bound aspartic protease of the A1 family with a high level of sequence homology to BACE1. While BACE1 is involved in the generation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease by cleaving Abeta-peptides from the amyloid precursor protein, the physiological function of BACE2 is not well understood. BA...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.027
更新日期:2006-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::DNA opening is an essential step in the initiation of replication via the Cairns mode of replication. The opening reaction was investigated in a gamma ori system by using hyperactive variants of plasmid R6K-encoded initiator protein, pi. Reactivity to KMnO4 (indicative of opening) within gamma ori DNA occurred in both...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4426
更新日期:2001-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::Despite proline being assumed to be a helix-breaker, a large number of alpha-helices are found to contain Pro in globular as well as membrane proteins. Proline has no free NH group and therefore cannot form the conventional intra-helical NH.O=C hydrogen bond. An analysis of known protein structures has shown that the ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2199
更新日期:1998-12-11 00:00:00