Abstract:
:Bacterial proteases secreted into an infected host may exhibit a wide range of pathogenic potentials. Staphylococci, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, are known to produce several extracellular proteases, including serine-, cysteine- and metalloenzymes. Their insensitivity to most human plasma protease inhibitors and, even more, the ability to inactivate some of these make the proteases potentially harmful. Indeed, several recent studies have shown that staphylococcal proteases are able to interact with the host defense mechanisms and tissue components as well as to modify other pathogen-derived virulence factors. A tight, cell density-dependent control of proteolytic activity expression, similar to that of the well-defined virulence determinants, further suggests the role of staphylococcal proteases in the infection process. Consistently, alterations in coordinated expression of extracellular proteins markedly diminished the virulence. However, despite these data and the fact that a strain deficient in sspABC operon coding for serine (sspA) and cysteine (sspB) proteases was highly attenuated in virulence in the animal infection model, it was impossible to unambiguously demonstrate the importance of any particular protease as a virulence factor. Therefore, it can be assumed that the orchestrated expression and interaction of a variety of extracellular and cell surface proteins rather than any particular one is responsible for the staphylococcal pathogenicity and that the proteases apparently play an important role in this complex process. Such redundant mechanism is very well suited for promoting the survival of staphylococci under diverse environmental conditions encountered in the infected host.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Dubin Gdoi
10.1515/BC.2002.116keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-07-01 00:00:00pages
1075-86issue
7-8eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315journal_volume
383pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The gene product of the yeast VPS1 gene is a member of a family of high-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The Vps1 protein (Vps1p) was shown to perform an essential function in the yeast secretory pathway. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a muta...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type I allergy, a hypersensitivity disease affecting almost 20% of the population worldwide, is based on the IgE recognition of otherwise harmless antigens (i.e., allergens). Allergen-induced crosslink of effector cell-bound IgE antibodies leads to the release of biological mediators and thus to immediate disease symp...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.101
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria can be a very severe disease, particularly in young children, pregnant women (mostly in primipara), and malaria naïve adults, and currently ranks among the most prevalent infections in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. The widespread occurrence and the increased incidence of malaria in many ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.069
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bradykinin causes vascular relaxations through release of endothelial relaxing factors including prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Bradykinin is metabolized by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE inhibition enhances bradykinin relaxations. Our goal was to characterize the ro...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0348
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cathepsin E (CE) is an intracellular aspartic proteinase implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, yet its actual roles in vivo remain elusive. To assess the physiological significance of CE expression in tumor cells, human CE was stably expressed in human prostate carcinoma ALVA101 cells express...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2007.154
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 15 members of the kallikrein-related serine peptidase (KLK) family have diverse tissue-specific expression profiles and roles in a range of cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, differentiation, inflammation and angiogenesis that are required in both normal physiology as well as patholo...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0147
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many biological applications in biomedicine, biotechnology and other life sciences. Depending on the size, shape and the type of carrier, AgNPs demonstrate different physical and chemical properties. AgNPs have strong antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal activity, thus they are use...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0202
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A central point of regulation in the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway is the formation of the beta-catenin destruction complex. Axin1, an essential negative regulator of Wnt signalling, serves as a scaffold within this complex and is critical for rapid turnover of beta-catenin. To examine the mechanism by which Wnt...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.028
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The R- and K-gingipain proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis are involved in proteolysis of haemoglobin from which the defensive dimeric haem pigment is formed. Whilst oxyhaemoglobin is refractory towards K-gingipain, methaemoglobin is rapidly degraded. Ligation of methaemoglobin with N3-, which effectively b...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.140
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs get activated in inflamed tissues where oxygen tension is usually low, which requires the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 for cellular adaptation. To investigate whether the HIF-1 transcriptional complex plays a...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0320
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen dioxide (*NO2) is an oxidizing free radical which can initiate a variety of destructive pathways in living systems, and several diseases are suspected to be connected with both exogenously and endogenously formed *NO2. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH) is believed to be an important endogenous source of *NO2 radica...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.043
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we tested the biological activity of a novel acylated form of (Pro3)glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypetide [(Pro3)GIP] prepared by conjugating palmitic acid to Lys16 to enhance its efficacy in vivo by promoting binding to albumin and extending its biological actions. Like the parent molecule (Pro3)...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2007.019
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few therapeutic options are offered to treat inflammation and alveolar wall destruction in emphysema. The effect of recombinant human pre-elafin, an elastase inhibitor, was evaluated in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema in C57BL/6 mice. In a first protocol, mice received a single instillation of pre-...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.114
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzymatic properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50) were characterized using a 6,000-fold purified enzyme. This was obtained in 100 microg amounts from human serum with a recovery of 35%. Pure alkaline phosphatase containing one anchor moiety per molecule was used as substra...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2000.062
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major vault protein (MVP) is the predominant member of a large cytosolic ribonucleoprotein particle, termed vault. We have previously shown that MVP derived from electric ray electric organ becomes phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro and by tyrosine kinase in vivo. Here we show that MVP from two mammalian cell...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.180
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AT) catalyzes the committed step in creatine biosynthesis by formation of guanidinoacetic acid, the direct precursor of creatine. The X-ray structure of the human enzyme shows a novel fold with fivefold pseudosymmetry of beta beta alphabeta-modules. These modules enclose the acti...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel approach to studying the inter- and intrasubunit communication required for the activity of homodimeric proteins is described. It was developed for the restriction endonuclease EcoRV, but should also be useful for other homodimeric enzymes. Two ecorV genes encoding different EcoRV mutants are coexpressed in th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.10.625
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The flagellate Euglena gracilis contains as photoreceptor complex a heterotetrameric light-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC), consisting of the flavoproteins PACalpha and PACbeta. Previously, we demonstrated the functional expression of PACalpha and PACbeta in oocytes from Xenopus laevis and of PACalpha in different ani...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.132
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficient execution of apoptotic cell death with the clearance of apoptotic debris by phagocytes is a key regulatory mechanism ensuring tissue homeostasis. Failure in this execution program contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the inter...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.048
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial zinc dyshomeostasis is associated with caspase-3 activation, ErbB2 degradation and apoptosis during hypoxia/reoxygenation. Zinc pyrithione replenishes intracellular zinc, suppresses caspase-3, augments ErbB2 levels and improves cell survival. We hypothesize that zinc is capable of modulating redox and endop...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0167
更新日期:2020-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::RIO1 is an essential gene that encodes a protein serine kinase and is transcribed constitutively at a very low level. Transcriptional activation of RIO1 dispenses with a canonical TATA box as well as with classical transactivators or specific DNA-binding factors. Instead, a dG-dC-rich sequence element, that is located...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.143
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of interaction of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, LBP, with differently composed symmetric and asymmetric planar lipid bilayers was investigated in electrical measurements (membrane current, potential, capacitance). From a change of the inner membrane potential difference, binding of LBP to...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.052
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven purified proteins may be combined to reconstitute regulated, promoter-dependent RNA polymerase II transcription: five general transcription factors, Mediator, and RNA polymerase II. The entire system has been conserved across species from yeast to humans. The structure of RNA polymerase II, consisting of 10 poly...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type:
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.140
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of apoptosis by selective BH3-mimetics is currently investigated as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we report that selective BH3-mimetics induce apoptosis in a variety of hematological malignancies. Apoptosis is accompanied by severe mitochondrial toxicities upstream of caspase activation. Speci...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0233
更新日期:2019-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) is a membrane-anchored docking protein that has been shown to play an important role in linking FGF, nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptors with the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade. He...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.134
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review deals with current concepts on the regulation and function of phospholipid asymmetry in biological membranes. This ubiquitous phenomenon is characterized by a distinctly different lipid composition between the inner and outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer. Transbilayer asymmetry is controlled by differen...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB-3) is a plus-strand RNA virus that is believed to be the most common causal agent of viral myocarditis. Since no specific treatment for CVB-3 infections is available to date, we and others have recently started to develop RNA interference (RNAi) approaches to prevent virus propagation. Here we d...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2005.100
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low NO concentrations synthesized by constitutively expressed NO synthases act on several signaling pathways activating transcription factors (TF), such as NF-kappaB or AP-1, and thereby influence gene expression. In contrast, during inflammatory reactions the inducible NO synthase produces NO for prolonged periods of...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.153
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of total tissue RNA and DNA to quantify the RNA and DNA oxidation products 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine using HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The protein denaturing agents guanidine thio...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.014
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23; AC) is the lipid hydrolase responsible for the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids within lysosomes. The enzymatic activity was first identified over four decades ago and is deficient in two rare inherited disorders, Farber lipogranul...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0290
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00