Pre-steady-state DNA unwinding by bacteriophage T4 Dda helicase reveals a monomeric molecular motor.

abstract：:The functional role of residue Tyr-19 of Chromatium vinosum HiPIP has been evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The stability of the [Fe4S4] cluster prosthetic center is sensitive to side-chain replacements. Polar residues result in significant instability, while nonpolar residues (especially with aroma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agarwal A,Li D,Cowan JA

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:There is accumulating evidence that AKT signaling plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We asked whether Akt1 deficiency in mice results in structural and functional abnormalities in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Exploratory transcriptional profiling revealed concerted alterations in the expression of PFC gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lai WS,Xu B,Westphal KG,Paterlini M,Olivier B,Pavlidis P,Karayiorgou M,Gogos JA

更新日期：2006-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:For almost a century the plant hormone auxin has been central to theories on apical dominance, whereby the growing shoot tip suppresses the growth of the axillary buds below. According to the classic model, the auxin indole-3-acetic acid is produced in the shoot tip and transported down the stem, where it inhibits bud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mason MG,Ross JJ,Babst BA,Wienclaw BN,Beveridge CA

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:During the late summer to fall of 1987, Caribbean reef corals experienced an intense and widespread discoloration event described as bleaching. Contrary to initial predictions, most bleached corals did not die. However, energy input from zooxanthellae decreased, as estimated from: (i) delta(13)C values, a measure of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Porter JW,Fitt WK,Spero HJ,Rogers CS,White MW

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sands from various geographic locations reduce N(2) from the air to NH(3) and traces of N(2)H(4) on exposure to sunlight. This N(2) photofixation occurs under sterile conditions on the surface of finely dispersed titanium minerals such as rutile, utilizing reducing equivalents generated through the photolysis of chemi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schrauzer GN,Strampach N,Hui LN,Palmer MR,Salehi J

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of the catalytically inactive mutant (C215S) of the human protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been solved to high resolution in two complexes. In the first, crystals were grown in the presence of bis-(para-phosphophenyl) methane (BPPM), a synthetic high-affinity low-molecular weight nonpeptidic s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Puius YA,Zhao Y,Sullivan M,Lawrence DS,Almo SC,Zhang ZY

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the results of crystallographic difference maps at 3.0-A resolution of complexes of metal-nucleoside triphosphates with aspartate carbamoyltransferase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) from Escherichia coli. The complexes Gd3+-ATP, Al3+-ATP, and Gd3+-CTP bind to the allosteric...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Honzatko RB,Lipscomb WN

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the conversion of nucleoside diphosphates to deoxynucleoside diphosphates. Crucial for rapidly dividing cells, RNR is a target for cancer therapy. In eukaryotes, RNR comprises a heterooligomer of alpha(2) and beta(2) subunits. Rnr1, the alpha subunit, contains regulatory and ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu H,Faber C,Uchiki T,Racca J,Dealwis C

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The hormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of plant growth. Many of the components of the gibberellin signal transduction [e.g., GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) and DELLA], biosynthesis [e.g., GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) and GA3ox], and deactivation pathways have been identified. Gibberellin binds its receptor,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Middleton AM,Úbeda-Tomás S,Griffiths J,Holman T,Hedden P,Thomas SG,Phillips AL,Holdsworth MJ,Bennett MJ,King JR,Owen MR

更新日期：2012-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for intracellular transport of protein fragments into the endoplasmic reticulum for loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. On the cell surface, these peptide-MHC complexes are monitored by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gorbulev S,Abele R,Tampé R

更新日期：2001-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Etioplasts isolated from barley leaves and purified on a Sephadex G-50 (coarse) column were characterized by electron microscopy and nucleic acid analysis. The majority of etioplasts retained an intact outer envelope, and contamination by other fragments was extremely low. The level of gibberellin-like substances extr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans A,Smith H

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A gene-transfer approach was used to explore the function of the BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2) gene in a human T-cell line, Jurkat. Though stable introduction of a BCL2 expression plasmid into Jurkat T cells was by itself insufficient, the combined transfer of BCL2 and MYC genes markedly enhanced the tumorigenicit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed JC,Cuddy M,Haldar S,Croce C,Nowell P,Makover D,Bradley K

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve cells depend on specific interactions with glial cells for proper function. Myelinating glial cells are thought to associate with neuronal axons, in part, via the cell-surface adhesion protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). MAG is also thought to be a major inhibitor of neurite outgrowth (axon regenerati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang LJ,Zeller CB,Shaper NL,Kiso M,Hasegawa A,Shapiro RE,Schnaar RL

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Methylcholanthrene (MCA) skin painting rapidly induced a 100% incidence of thymic lymphomas in RF/J mice. Tumors developed exclusively in cells of the T-lymphocyte lineage and displayed the surface phenotype: Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2+, Qa-1+, H-2K+, H-2D+, TL-, Ig-, Ia-. This phenotype resembled that of cortisone-resis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodenow MM,Lilly F

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The with-no-lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an atypical family of protein kinases that regulate ion transport across cell membranes. Mutations that result in their overexpression cause hypertension-related disorders in humans. Of the four mammalian WNKs, only WNK1 is expressed throughout the body. We report that WNK1 inh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gallolu Kankanamalage S,Lee AY,Wichaidit C,Lorente-Rodriguez A,Shah AM,Stippec S,Whitehurst AW,Cobb MH

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:PH-30, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg fusion, is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are synthesized as precursors and processed, during sperm development, to yield the mature forms. The mature PH-30 alpha/beta complex resembles certain viral fusion proteins in membrane topology and predicte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfsberg TG,Bazan JF,Blobel CP,Myles DG,Primakoff P,White JM

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Proper initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the TATA-consensus-binding transcription factor TFIID. A cDNA clone encoding the Drosophila TFIID protein has been isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals an open reading frame of 353 residues. The carboxyl-terminal 180 amino ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Muhich ML,Iida CT,Horikoshi M,Roeder RG,Parker CS

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. When facing a shortage in zinc supply, plants adapt by enhancing the zinc uptake capacity. The molecular regulators controlling this adaptation are not known. We present the identification of two closely related members of the Arabidopsis thaliana basic-regi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Assunção AG,Herrero E,Lin YF,Huettel B,Talukdar S,Smaczniak C,Immink RG,van Eldik M,Fiers M,Schat H,Aarts MG

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive test for kinetic unfolding intermediates in ribonuclease A (EC 3.1.27.5) is performed under conditions where the enzyme unfolds slowly (10 degrees C, pH 8.0, 4.5 M guanidinium chloride). Exchange of peptide NH protons (2H-1H) is used to monitor structural opening of individual hydrogen bonds during unfoldi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiefhaber T,Baldwin RL

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The twin-arginine transport (Tat) system is a protein-targeting pathway of prokaryotes and chloroplasts. Most Escherichia coli Tat substrates are complex metalloenzymes that must be correctly folded and assembled before transport, and a preexport chaperone-mediated "proofreading" process is therefore in operation. The...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hatzixanthis K,Clarke TA,Oubrie A,Richardson DJ,Turner RJ,Sargent F

更新日期：2005-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) catalyzes isomerization of β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (βG1P) into D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) via sequential phosphoryl transfer steps using a β-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (βG16BP) intermediate. Synthetic fluoromethylenephosphonate and methylenephosphonate analogs of βG1P deliver novel step 1 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin Y,Bhattasali D,Pellegrini E,Forget SM,Baxter NJ,Cliff MJ,Bowler MW,Jakeman DL,Blackburn GM,Waltho JP

更新日期：2014-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic generation of chiral ester enolate equivalents from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with chiral N-hetereocyclic carbene catalysts makes possible highly enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions. The reactions proceed under simple, mild conditions with both aliphatic and aromatic substituted enals as substr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaeobamrung J,Kozlowski MC,Bode JW

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To clone the gene for the human Na+/H+ antiporter, we first constructed a stable mouse LTK- cell line (LAP1) lacking Na+/H+ antiport activity. Second, we devised a selective technique based on acid killing that specifically sorts out cells expressing low levels of Na+/H+ antiport activity from a population of antiport...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Franchi A,Perucca-Lostanlen D,Pouyssegur J

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein delivery to restricted plasma membrane domains is exquisitely regulated at different stages of the cell trafficking machinery. Traffic control involves the recognition of export/retention/retrieval signals in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi complex that will determine protein fate. A splice variant (SV), ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zarei MM,Eghbali M,Alioua A,Song M,Knaus HG,Stefani E,Toro L

更新日期：2004-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents an important but challenging strategy for treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic jo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moutos FT,Glass KA,Compton SA,Ross AK,Gersbach CA,Guilak F,Estes BT

更新日期：2016-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1, the cause of AIDS, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups M, N, O, and P, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes. Although groups M and N have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee commun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'arc M,Ayouba A,Esteban A,Learn GH,Boué V,Liegeois F,Etienne L,Tagg N,Leendertz FH,Boesch C,Madinda NF,Robbins MM,Gray M,Cournil A,Ooms M,Letko M,Simon VA,Sharp PM,Hahn BH,Delaporte E,Mpoudi Ngole E,Peeters M

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein misfolding and aggregation cause serious degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson, and prion diseases. Damage to membranes is thought to be one of the mechanisms underlying cellular toxicity of a range of amyloid assemblies. Previous studies have indicated that amyloid fibrils can cause membrane ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milanesi L,Sheynis T,Xue WF,Orlova EV,Hellewell AL,Jelinek R,Hewitt EW,Radford SE,Saibil HR

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The antigen recognition of a profoundly immunosuppressive mAb, mAb 2E1, in vivo was investigated. In addition to the 62-kDa effector cell protease receptor 1, mAb 2E1 bound the 32-kDa T cell adhesion receptor E2 (CD99) and the 86-kDa p80 subunit of the nuclear antigen complex Ku. These molecules share no overall seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothermel AL,Altieri DC

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:A new model of an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction was obtained by injection of acetylcholine receptor purified from rat denervated muscles into Balb/c mice. Anti-rat, then anti-mouse acetylcholine receptor antibodies, appear in mouse serum during the immunization procedure. Electrophysiological invest...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Granato DA,Fulpius BW,Moody JF

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) gene from Neurospora crassa was cloned and part of its nucleotide sequence corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal region of the protein has been determined. The gene was cloned by cDNA synthesis with a laccase-specific synthetic deoxyundecanucleotide as prim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Germann UA,Lerch K

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00