Abstract:
:Recent studies have revealed a significant decrease in white matter volume, including loss of myelin, with age but minimal decrease in gray matter volume (Guttmann et al., [1998] Neurology 50:972-978). Myelin is necessary for the rapid conduction of impulses along axons. Myelinated nerve includes various domains, the node of Ranvier, the paranodal region, the juxtaparanodal region and the internode. The paranodal junction may serve to anchor the myelin sheath to the axon. We analyzed the ultrastructure of the paranodal region in myelinated fibers from the aged rat brain. Severe alterations of myelinated fibers were observed in 31-month-old rats, resulting in the appearance of macrophages, splitting of the myelin sheath, myelin balloon formation and separation from the axon. Many paranodal retractions of myelinated axons occurred in the aged rats. It should be noted that the paranodal junction is functionally important, serving to anchor the myelin to the axon and that there is a diffusion barrier in the paranodal region. We analyzed myelin-related proteins from young and aged rat brains. The 21.5-kDa isoform of myelin basic protein (MBP) almost disappeared in the 31-month-old rats, whereas other myelin proteins were not significantly changed between young and aged rats. These results suggest that this isoform, a highly cationic charged major dense component protein that binds lipid bilayer in the membrane, may participate in the formation of a paranodal diffusion barrier at the myelin/noncompact membrane border.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Sugiyama I,Tanaka K,Akita M,Yoshida K,Kawase T,Asou Hdoi
10.1002/jnr.10386keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
309-17issue
3eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have determined the localization of Cav1.2 (L-Type) Ca2+ channels in the cells and nerve fibers in molars of normal or injured rats. We observed high levels of immunostaining of L-type Ca2+ channels in odontoblast cell bodies and their processes, in fibroblast cell bodies and in Schwann cells. Many Cav1.2-containin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10863
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of an inflammatory response and release of cytokines such as TNF may be involved in the age-related etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). In the brain, microglia have been shown to produce a wide variety of immune mediators, including the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We hypothesiz...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1097
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-associated protein (MAP)1B-heterozygous (MAP1B+/-) mice are deficient in the expression of MAP1B in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory cortex. Although MAP1B+/- mice showed half the normal levels of MAP1B protein, they had no measurable amounts of phosphorylated MAP1B. High-frequency theta burst st...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20624
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased serum level of homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is considered a risk factor in vascular disorders and in dementias. The effect of homocysteine and metabolically related compounds on brain production of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous antagonist of glutamate ionotropic receptors, was studied...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20359
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured rat mesencephalic neurons were used to assess the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport blockers on toxicity caused by malonate, a reversible, competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Previous studies utilizing an ex vivo chick retinal preparation have shown that GABA release and cell s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1052
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The galactolipids galactocerebroside and sulfatide have been implicated in oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelin formation. Much of the early evidence for myelin galactolipid function has been derived from antibody and chemical perturbation of OLs in vitro. To determine the role of these lipids in vivo, we previ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22003
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes purified from the neonatal rat brain were cultured for up to 3 weeks prior to being treated with agents that can induce reactive changes in astrocytes. These agents included dibutyryl cAMP, interleukin-1 beta, and macrophage conditioned media. After treating astrocytes for 3 days, the agents were removed an...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490380108
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown previously that in oligodendrocytes, the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is maximally expressed immediately prior to the most rapid period of myelination in rat brain. We have begun to investigate the role of this protein during myelination by downregulating CREB s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19961001)46:1<98::AID-JNR1
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scar formation after injury of the brain or spinal cord is a common event. While glial scar formation by astrocytes has been extensively studied, much less is known about the fibrotic scar, in particular after stroke. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor ß-expressing (PDGFRß+ ) pericytes have been suggested as a so...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24557
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in dopamine (DA) D(1), D(2), D(3), and D(4) receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in rat forebrain regions were autoradiographically quantified after continuous infusion of JL 13 [(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate] for 28 days with osmotic minipumps...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20972
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular pathways underlying the neuroprotective effects of preconditioning are promising, potentially drugable targets to promote cell survival. However, these pathways are complex and are not yet fully understood. In this study we have established a paradigm of hypoxic preconditioning based on a chick embryo mo...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22766
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult neurogenesis is influenced by blood-borne factors. In this context, greater or lesser vascular permeability along neurogenic niches would expose differentially neural stem cells (NSCs), transit amplifying cells (TACs), and neuroblasts to such factors. Here we evaluate endothelial cell morphology and vascular per...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23682
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::C6 cells were adapted to proliferate in defined culture medium to allow the study of long-term effects of serum-free growth conditions on their phenotypic antigen expression and production of neurite promoting factors (NPFs). Cultures were grown in either Ham's F-12 or supplemented Opti-MEM-I containing 15% heat-inact...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490410310
更新日期:1995-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-1beta has been demonstrated in neurons of the rat hypothalamus, including cells of the magnocellular neurosecretory system and tuberoinfundibular system (Lechan et al., [1990] Brain Res. 514:135-140). Despite its potential importance to regulation of neuroendocrine function, however, neither the specific c...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000515)60:4<478::AID-JNR
更新日期:2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In cultured Schwann cells, single-channel and whole-cell K+ currents can be activated by depolarizing the membrane to values more negative than -50 mV. In elevated extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o), however, single-channel activity and whole-cell currents could be recorded at more negative potentials. Thus, the t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490280208
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferritin is the major iron storage protein and accounts for the majority of the iron in the brain. Thus, ferritin is a key component in protecting the brain from iron induced oxidative damage. The high lipid content, high rate of oxidative metabolism, and high iron content combine to make the brain the organ most susc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490370405
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the ubiquitous nature of opioids in the treatment of pain, it is an interesting paradox that this class of medications also represents one of the least understood components of clinical pain medicine. For many years, there has been intense interest in the mechanisms of opioid activity, but this has not resulted ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24695
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here the presence of ubiquitin and its conjugation system in the rat retina. Retinal homogenates and supernatants conjugate [125I]human ubiquitin with either endogenous or exogenous proteins. The conjugating activity is relatively stable over time, requires ATP, and has a pH optimum of approximately 8. The...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490300220
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes, and it has multi-functional effects in a variety of cells in various organs. HGF stimulates DNA synthesis and promotes cell migration and morphogenesis in several cell types including the olfactory system. To characterize the potential mitogeni...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10009
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the best-characterized neurotrophic substance and has recently been shown to influence cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Hippocampus and neocortex, the primary targets for these central neurons, have further been found to contain high levels of NGF. Using enzyme immunoassay and a...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490180404
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In searching for possible differences in the composition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) forms in dystrophic brain, the distribution of various enzyme molecules in normal (NB) and dystrophic (DB) 129B6F1/J mouse brain has been investigated. The tissue was sequentially extracted with sa...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960115)43:2<224::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::An inflammatory response involving activated microglia in neuritic beta-amyloid plaques is found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Because HDL lipoproteins have been shown to carry the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in plasma and CSF, we have investigated the influence of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted on the adsorption of 14C-ATP to a surface film of a hydrophobic protein derived from synaptic membranes isolated from bovine cerebellum. The adsorption of ATP to the protein film followed a rate law based on diffusion and an energy barrier to adsorption, the rate law being generally applicable to...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490020109
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we show that rabbit Müller cell differentiation from radial glial progenitor cells is accompanied by a decreasing capability to respond to specific stimuli (depolarization and extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate [ATP]) with an elevation of intracellular calcium. Intracellular free calcium was recorded in reti...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10406
更新日期:2002-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::L-deprenyl protects neurons in a number of in vivo and in vitro models and it has been postulated that it ameliorates some neurodegenerative disorders. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the enzymes responsible for the inactivation of oxygen free radicals, and one of the mechanisms of the effect of L-deprenyl is tho...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980715)53:2<235::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc ion elevation contributes to acute excitotoxic brain injury and correlates with the severity of dementia in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Downstream control of zinc-triggered signals is believed to be an efficient countermeasure. In the current study, we examined whether the flavonoid luteolin (Lu) could pr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22714
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dentate gyrus is selectively reduced in size in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) null mouse brain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this defect is due to reduced granule cell numbers, and if so, to determine whether altered cell proliferation, survival, or both contribute to attenuation of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1084
更新日期:2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::DBA/2J mice are one of several animal strains used for experimental models of both intraocular hypertension and glaucoma. This study investigates the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and optic nerve degeneration in DBA/2J mice. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in DBA/2J mice between the ag...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23630
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rewarding effect of opiates is mediated through dissociable neural systems in drug naïve and drug-dependent states. Neuroadaptations associated with chronic drug use are similar to those produced by chronic pain, suggesting that opiate reward could also involve distinct mechanisms in chronic pain and pain-naïve st...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24553
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study we report self-assembly of individual neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins (70K, 150K, and 200K daltons) isolated by anion exchange chromatography from bovine spinal cord. Formation of smooth 10-nm filaments by both NF 150K and NF 70K is shown. Optimal conditions for NK 150K filament formation were...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490110204
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00