Abstract:
:The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) has an extensive section on nonpharmacologic therapy for those with abnormal blood lipids. ATP III focused on the high-saturated fat atherogenic diet, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle and recommended a program of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). This review discusses several issues, including 1) why ATP III changed from the Step I and Step II diets to TLC; 2) the benefits of keeping trans fatty acid intake low and the addition of viscous fiber and plant stanol/sterol esters to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beyond that seen with the Step II diet; 3) the de-emphasis on total fat and a sharper focus on the kinds of fat ingested in the new guidelines; 4) the endorsement of regular physical activity and weight loss as important first steps in reversing the unwanted metabolic effects of the metabolic syndrome; and 5) the emphasis of health-promoting aspects of the diet that include, among other things, fish and omega-3 fatty acids. At all stages of TLC, ATP III encourages the referral to registered dietitians or other qualified nutritionists for medical nutrition therapy. TLC and the ATP III guidelines should provide guidance to practitioners who wish to get low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to goal (whether or not drugs are used), prevent or treat the metabolic syndrome, and improve the overall health of the patient.
journal_name
Curr Atheroscler Repjournal_title
Current atherosclerosis reportsauthors
Stone NJ,Van Horn Ldoi
10.1007/s11883-002-0047-xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
433-43issue
6eissn
1523-3804issn
1534-6242journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Atherothrombosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. The underlying processes associated with clinical expression of atherothrombosis include oxidative stress and proteolysis in relation to neovascularisation and intraplaque hemorrhages, leading to immuno-inflammatory response, cell ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0102-y
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a significant prevalence (20%-80% depending on the population and the study) of lipid disorders and other cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV infection. This review focuses on HIV and HIV treatment-associated metabolic and cardiovascular concerns, including dyslipidemias, lipodystrophy syndr...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0152-1
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The use of recreational drugs has increased globally, with the most commonly used recreational drug being cannabis. As of 2019, 10 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for recreational use, with more states potentially joining this movement. With the increased legalization of ca...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0783-9
更新日期:2019-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is an enzyme which binds to oxidized LDL and has a pro-inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The Lp-PLA(2) Studies Collaboration showed the relationship between Lp-PLA(2) levels and activity with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Level...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-011-0201-4
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation lies at the base of endothelial dysfunction, eventually leading to plaque formation. The degree of inflammation defines the "vulnerability" of plaque to rupture. Numerous strategies have been adopted to identify and eventually treat high-risk vulnerable plaque. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (L...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0095-6
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We provide an overview of our current understanding of combination lipid-lowering therapies intended for dyslipidemia treatment and cardiovascular disease prevention. First, we analyze recent statin and non-statin combination therapy guidelines and clinical studies since the publication of 2013 Americ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0721-2
更新日期:2018-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease (CHD), traditionally considered a male disease, causes far more deaths in women than cancer. The prevalence of CHD is lower in women at any age, but with advancing age, this differential decreases. The clinical outcomes including myocardial infarction mortality, all-cause mortality, and reinfarc...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0574-5
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A substantial body of epidemiologic data has shed light on the potential protective effects of the Mediterranean diet against atherosclerosis in humans. Many believe the reason the Mediterranean diet is atheroprotective is the elevated consumption of olive oil, an oil poor in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and highly enr...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11883-007-0066-8
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of multiple diagnostic intracoronary imaging modalities has increased our understanding of coronary atherosclerotic disease. These imaging modalities, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), have provided a method to study plaques and ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0607-0
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is a complex disease associated with aberrant lipoprotein metabolism and leukocyte infiltration into arterial tissue that leads to cardiovascular diseases. Statins have emerged as among the most effective means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in both primary and secondary prevention sett...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-012-0294-4
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional foods are foods that, by virtue of physiologically active food components, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Many functional foods have been found to be potentially beneficial in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in the United States. These ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-000-0045-9
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer survivorship should be defined starting not from completion of treatment, but from the time of diagnosis. Assessing and controlling the cancer patient's cardiovascular risk before, during, and after treatment is crucial to improving their overall outcome. There are many cancer therapies, including but not limit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0484-3
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or "statin" medications are the most commonly prescribed therapy for lowering cholesterol. In use for over a decade, they have demonstrated both safety and tolerability across a broad range of patients. The ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol an...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-005-0073-6
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite the important progress in identifying high-risk atherosclerotic plaques, many key elements are elusive. Advanced imaging modalities provide valuable information about the anatomic and functional plaque characteristics and underscore the presence of multiple plaque morphologies. However, how th...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0626-x
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Studies have revealed a relation between birth weight (BW) and later risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This meta-analysis aimed to report the dose-response relationship between BW and risk of CVDs. RECENT FINDINGS:The relation of BW to CVD subtypes was found to be U-shaped as BW below ~ 2500 g ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-0829-z
更新日期:2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::A recently developed assay for quantification of remnant-like particle cholesterol has provided considerable evidence that reinforces the concept that elevated levels of plasma remnants are associated with increased cardiovascular disease in different populations and distinct patient groups. In this review, we provide...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-005-0037-x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes the pathophysiology of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) and surveys relevant clinical data and basic research that explain how CAVS arises. RECENT FINDINGS:Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), autotaxin, ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-0821-7
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Serum cholesterol traditionally has been considered a poor predictor of total stroke risk; however, it is associated positively with ischemic stroke risk and associated negatively with hemorrhagic stroke risk. Although studies failed to demonstrate stroke reduction using older cholesterol-lowering medications, recent ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-000-0101-5
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are permanent dilations in the infra-renal area in which the arterial tissue is characterized by inflammation and medial degeneration. AAAs are a common vascular disorder and cause significant mortality in the aged population. Despite the high prevalence of this disease, there is limit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-002-0023-5
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid has been studied in a limited number of investigations. So far, some epidemiologic and a few mechanistic studies suggest a potential of protection from cardiovascular disease, but this potential remains to be proven in intervention studies. In contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) an...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0086-y
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoprotein apheresis is an extracorporeal therapy whereby apo B-containing lipoproteins (LDL, vLDL, and Lp(a)) are selectively removed from the plasma of a patient. It is a variation of plasma exchange, which non-selectively removes all plasma proteins. Lipoprotein apheresis is most commonly used to treat patients wi...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0516-7
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daily lifestyle practices and habits profoundly affect the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abundant research and multiple recent consensus documents support the role of regular physical activity, not smoking cigarettes, maintaining a healthy body weight, controlling cholesterol levels, and contr...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0444-y
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review, we describe the mechanism behind coronary artery calcification formation and detection, as well as its implication in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification, intervention, and prognosis in asymptomatic individuals. RECENT FINDINGS:Multiple cohort and population studies have ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0812-8
更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We summarize recent advances in the understanding of genetic testing in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the use of expanded FH next-generation sequencing panels, and directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS:The uptake of massively parallel sequencing in research and diagnostic laboratories...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0731-0
更新日期:2018-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Atherothrombotic complications, including vascular occlusions and severe narrowing of nutrient blood vessels in the cerebral, coronary, or peripheral circulation, usually require invasive revascularization strategies. As molecular...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0022-1
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacotherapies with agents that inhibit platelet function have proven to be effective in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, and in the prevention of complications during and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Because of multiple synergetic pathways of platelet activation and their close interplay wit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0371-3
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide range of structurally unrelated antioxidants inhibit atherosclerosis in animal models of hypercholesterolemia, implicating oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, most prospective, randomized trials of one proposed antioxidant, vitamin E, have failed to demons...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0075-1
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in humans. One of its important features is the tendency to become more persistent over time, even in the absence of underlying progressive heart disease. Conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by pharmacological or electrical methods become increasing...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-017-0638-1
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally and poses a threat to both men and women across their lifespans. There is accumulating evidence to support that CAD may present differently in women and men, ranging from the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and manage...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00855-7
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00