Abstract:
:Toxins in cyanobacteria are a recognized risk in the treatment of drinking-water treatment. Cyanotoxins can occur in two modifications: cell bound and dissolved in water. The process of toxin release may occur naturally, but it also may be induced through the processes of drinking-water treatment. Both causes of release are relevant to the safety of drinking water. This study investigated cyanotoxin release and elimination through different treatment trains in systematic pilot-scale studies with water from the Weida Reservoir, in Thuringia, Germany. The Weida Reservoir is a dimictic mesoeutrophic reservoir typical for a number of mountainous areas in Europe, with Planktothrix rubescens as the dominant phytoplankton species, and shows a characteristic seasonal pattern of population development and microcystin occurrence. To assess the risk of microcystin breakthrough, the pilot-scale results as well as results of laboratory-scale experiments were used for developing a kinetic model of toxin release in relation to elimination. By calculating removal efficiency of total microcystins (cell bound and dissolved) for different treatment trains, raw water quality was related to the quality targets for finished water, and breakthrough risks could be calculated for given treatment trains and varying cyanobacterial population densities in the reservoir.
journal_name
Environ Toxicoljournal_title
Environmental toxicologyauthors
Schmidt W,Willmitzer H,Bornmann K,Pietsch Jdoi
10.1002/tox.10067keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
375-85issue
4eissn
1520-4081issn
1522-7278journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Oral cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases in human populations and its incidence rates are rising worldwide. Fisetin, a flavonoid from natural products, has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines but the molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22396
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid (Acm, neonicotinoid insecticide) and alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp, pyrethroid insecticide) on human peripheral lymphocytes were examined in vitro by chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human perip...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20485
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ouabain, a cardiotonic steroid, was used for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation and induces cancer cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells including human leukemia cells. However, there are no reports to show the effects on immune responses in a leukemia mouse model. In this study, WEHI-3 cell ge...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22732
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) could favor obesity and related metabolic disorders such as hepatic steatosis. Investigations in rodents have shown that these deleterious effects are observed not only when BPA is administered during the adult life but also with different protocols of perinatal exposure. Whether pe...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22301
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants which coexist in environment, and human are co-exposed to these chemicals. Our present study was aimed to investigate the possible enhanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in ApoE(-/-) mice co-exp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22006
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unexpectedly high frequency of skeletal deformations in brown trout has previously been observed in the brook Vallkärrabäcken in southern Sweden. Environmental pollutants from storm water and leachate from an old landfill have been suggested as responsible for the observed deformations. Biomarkers in farmed rainbow...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20559
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common type of chronic inflammatory disease which is triggered by dysfunction in the immune system which in turn affects synovial joints. Current treatment of RA with NSAIDs and DMRDs is limited by their side effect. As a result, the interest in alternative, well tolerated anti-in...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22264
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanotoxins are a group of compounds produced by cyanobacteria that can have severe physiological effects on other organisms, including humans. The potential allelopathic effects of Microcystis aeruginosa, a toxic cyanobacterium, on the duckweed plant, Lemna gibba L., were examined using three experimental methods: (1...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20079
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that chronic exposure to arsenic would deplete the reduced glutathione (GSH) and methionine in vivo, thereby impair the methylation capacity of inorganic arsenic (iAs) ingested. Our experiment was designed to explore the effects of exogenous GSH and methionine on arsenic methylation in mice exposed to ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20509
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 20th century, hairdressers (HD) have been exposed to a wide range of harmful chemical products. To determine the possible genetic damage to HD, as a result of their occupational exposure to combinations of different chemical factors, we applied the micronucleus assay on their peripheral blood lymphocyt...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20579
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcystins (MCs), as the most dominant bloom-forming strains in eutrophic surface water, can induce hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Howe...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22908
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is a major heavy-metal contaminant in the environment that has various anthropogenic and natural sources. To study the phytotoxic effects of Pb on the popular vegetable Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) via depression of nitrogen assimilation, pot culture experiments with three concentrations of treatme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20167
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry since the 1940s. 2,4-D has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects-from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity-on animal and human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the possi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20690
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing worldwide interest in developing of markers for tumor diagnosis and identification of individuals who are at high cancer risk. Cancer, like other diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders, causes characteristic effects on cell turnover rate, activity of modifying enzymes, and RNA/DNA modification...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21970
更新日期:2015-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Dibutyltin (DBT) is the degradation products of TBT, which is generally considered higher toxicity than TBT in the immune system. In order to learn more about the mechanisms of immune-toxic of DBT, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L DBT for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we determined ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22502
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contamination of the urban aquatic environment with chemical and biological substances could have a long-term impact on human health because these substances threaten the integrity of the urban ecosystem and the availability of high-quality water for recreation and consumption. In light of this, the aim of the present...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20067
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus, which has spurred renewed interest. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of ziziphora tenuior extract against CPF-induced liver and lung toxicity. This study conducted 8-week rat sub-chronic toxicity study and then the effect ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22432
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Widespread occupational and environmental exposure to benzene is unavoidable and poses a public health threat. Studies of potential interventions to prevent or relieve benzene toxicity are, thus, essential. Research has shown l-carnitine (LC) has beneficial effects against various pathological processes and diseases. ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22939
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the heavy metal copper on the expression of a wide spectrum of genes was analyzed by using a DNA microarray. The gene expression profile of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in a medium containing a sublethal concentration of cupric sulfate was compared with that of yeast grown in a normal med...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20406
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcystins are a family of potent hepatotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and can cause animal intoxications and human diseases. In this study, the effect of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the tissues of freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was evaluated and differentially expressed genes in the hepatop...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20652
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by alachlor and dichlorvos, two pesticides broadly used, were studied on RTG-2 fish cell line. As measure of cytotoxicity, neutral red assay was used to determine the cellular viability. Toxicity ranking based on IC(50) values found that alachlor was more cytotoxic than dich...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20637
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver is one of the major target organs of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulating critically cellular defense responses against the toxic metallic arsenic in many cell types and tissues. This study was conducted to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20731
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Petroleum products-petrol, kerosene, and diesel-composed of volatile organic constituents contribute to air pollution. Exposure of gas station attendants (GSAs) to petroleum products fumes (PPFs) may account for occupation-related predisposition to respiratory toxicity and disease pathogenesis. We simulated GSA exposu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.23019
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The acute toxicity of the insecticide fenitrothion was measured using four freshwater algae (Chlorella saccharophila, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus acutus, and Scenedesmus subspicatus) and one cyanobacteria (Pseudanabaena galeata). Insecticide concentrations eliciting 50% growth reduction over 96 hr (EC50) ranged fr...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.1038
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to marine aquatic organisms has been widely investigated; however, the effects on freshwater environments have largely been ignored. Selected biomarkers were measured in a freshwater species, the crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis). Fish were exposed to either ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.10098
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial assay for risk assessment (MARA) is an innovative system based on an array of 11 different microbial species freeze-dried in a 96-well micro-titer plate. Developed for testing the toxicity of chemicals, mixtures, and environmental samples, the assay employs species of a taxonomically diverse range. In ad...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20419
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metals such as lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of natural occurrence and anthropogenic activities. Although Mg, Fe, and others are considered essential elements, high level of exposure has been associated with severe adverse health effects including cardiovascular...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22014
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important disturbance of anthropogenic origin frequently occurring in freshwater ecosystems is a rise in the concentration of heavy metals in solution, among which copper stands out due to its known toxicity. However, the study of the chemical behavior of copper in solution is highly dependent on pH. In this study,...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.10001
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biotransformation enzymatic activities, such as the cytochrome P450 one, have been used as biomarkers for pollution assessment for a long time. Nevertheless, such biochemical tools are destructive processes, because they are performed on fish liver or total larvae homogenates. Moreover, the adaptation of this bioassay...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20184
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (AP) is a widely used, cheap, and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Its toxicity depends on the cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. On the other hand, arsenic, a global groundwater and environmental contaminant of major publi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20551
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00