Exploring lymphocyte differentiation pathways.

abstract：:The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are essential for promoting normal intestinal physiology. While the majority of commensal bacteria are found in the intestinal lumen, many species have also adapted to colonize different anatomical locations in th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Fung TC,Artis D,Sonnenberg GF

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) generate protective CD8 cells of varying specificity. One subset, unlike conventional LM-immune CD8 cells, can respond to antigen-presenting cells (APC) treated with heat-killed LM (HKLM). These cells proved to have surprisingly uniform specificity, recognizing a product ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kurlander R,Nataraj C

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell transplantation and tissue regeneration studies indicate a surprisingly broad developmental potential for lineage-committed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under these conditions HSCs transition into myocytes, neurons, hepatocytes or other types of nonhematopoietic effector cells. Equally impressive is the progr...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： French SW,Hoyer KK,Shen RR,Teitell MA

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithelium of the human small intestine contains a large population of intraepithelial cytolytic alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR) CD8 alpha beta T lymphocytes (IE-CTLs), whose main role is to sustain epithelial integrity by rapidly eliminating infected and damaged cells. In mouse, the recognition of inducible/modif...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Jabri B,Ebert E

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most toxic insults a cell can incur is a disruption of its linear DNA in the form of a double-strand break (DSB). Left unrepaired, or repaired improperly, these lesions can result in cell death or neoplastic transformation. Despite these dangers, lymphoid cells purposely introduce DSBs into their genome to ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rooney S,Chaudhuri J,Alt FW

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Directed cellular migrations underlie immune system organization. Chemokines and their receptors (along with surface-adhesion molecules) are central to these migrations, targeting developing and mature leukocytes to tissues and microenvironments suitable for their differentiation and function. The chemokine CXCL12 and...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Campbell DJ,Kim CH,Butcher EC

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As biomedical research becomes increasingly data-intensive, it is increasingly essential to integrate genomic-scale datasets, so as to generate a more holistic picture of complex biological processes. The systems biology paradigm may differ in strategy from traditional reductionist scientific methods, but the goal rem...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Beiting DP,Roos DS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five of the 10 human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9), and four of the 12 mouse TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9) can trigger interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-lambda, which are critical for antiviral immunity. Moreover, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 differ from TLR4 in two particularly i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zhang SY,Jouanguy E,Sancho-Shimizu V,von Bernuth H,Yang K,Abel L,Picard C,Puel A,Casanova JL

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Castro CD,Luoma AM,Adams EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The co-evolution of papillomaviruses (PV) and their mammalian hosts has produced mechanisms by which PV might avoid specific and non-specific host immune responses. Low level expression of PV proteins in infected basal epithelial cells, together with an absence of inflammation and of virus-induced cell lysis, restrict...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Frazer IH,Thomas R,Zhou J,Leggatt GR,Dunn L,McMillan N,Tindle RW,Filgueira L,Manders P,Barnard P,Sharkey M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be inactivated or eliminated in the periphery through a series of mechanisms that include the induction of anergy, dominant suppression by regulatory T cells, and peripheral deletion of self-reactive T cells. Calcium signaling plays a central role in the inductio...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Baine I,Abe BT,Macian F

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of cell surface markers, mature T cells are considered to have either a naïve or a memory phenotype. These cells exhibit distinct types of kinetic behaviour in vivo. While naïve-phenotype cells persist long term in a non-dividing state, memory-phenotype T cells include cycling cells and exhibit a more rap...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tough DF,Sun S,Zhang X,Sprent J

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are two distinct pathways by which T cells may recognize MHC alloantigens. The direct pathway involves T-cell recognition of intact MHC molecules expressed by donor antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The second, or indirect, pathway describes T-cell recognition of peptides derived from the processing and presentat...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Harris PE,Cortesini R

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, serve along with the T-cell receptor-interacting CD4 molecule as the principal co-receptors for HIV-1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS. Four mutational variants, CCR5-delta3...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： O'Brien SJ,Moore JP

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease causing high rates of hospitalizations in infants, significant morbidity in children and adults, and excess mortality in the elderly. Major barriers to vaccine development include early age of RSV infection, capacity of RSV to evade innate ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Graham BS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) belongs to a family of cytokines that includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all of which bind to private (or shared) receptors as well as the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain as a component. Most cytokines in this family are critically important for both the maintenance and func...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ettinger R,Kuchen S,Lipsky PE

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The AIDS pandemic is a global emergency and a preventive vaccine is urgently needed. CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses appear important in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques. The utility of vaccines that induce high levels of SIV- or HIV-specific T...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kent SJ,Ada GL,Hayes E,Lewis IM

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review we address questions which must be considered if better attempts are to be made to treat all persons presently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are thirty million people in the world presently living with HIV, only 10% of whom are likely to be able to access currently available dr...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gotch F,Hardy G,Imami N

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface molecules that mediate activation of different subsets of T or NK cells have been reviewed. A suitable approach to the study of different lymphocyte activation pathways is provided by mAbs specific for these molecules. MAbs directed to the CD3 surface molecules mediate a polyclonal T-cell activation, where...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Moretta A,Ciccone E,Pantaleo G,Tambussi G,Bottino C,Melioli G,Mingari MC,Moretta L

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among various strategies to evade the host immune response, some viruses like human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interfere with surface MHC class I expression and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. The ability of natural killer (NK) cells to detect MHC class I molecules through inhibitory receptors can be envisaged as a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： López-Botet M,Llano M,Ortega M

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequence analysis of Ig variable region genes transcribed within different B-cell subpopulations from human tonsil led us to identify a rare DNA sequence modification event consisting of bp insertions and/or deletions (I/D). Although these events were previously reported, they had never been formally associated wi...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wilson P,Liu YJ,Banchereau J,Capra JD,Pascual V

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) kinase plays a critical role in activating many downstream signal transduction pathways in T cells following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. The importance of ZAP-70 is evidenced by the severe combined immunodeficiency that occurs in ZAP-70-deficient mice and h...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Au-Yeung BB,Deindl S,Hsu LY,Palacios EH,Levin SE,Kuriyan J,Weiss A

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunity results from a complex interplay between the antigen-non-specific innate immune system and the antigen-specific adaptive immune system. The cells and molecules of the innate system employ non-clonal recognition receptors including lectins, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and helicases. B and T lympho...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ueno H,Schmitt N,Klechevsky E,Pedroza-Gonzalez A,Matsui T,Zurawski G,Oh S,Fay J,Pascual V,Banchereau J,Palucka K

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Group 1 innate lymphocytes consist of a phenotypically, spatially, and functionally heterogeneous population of NK cells and ILC1s that are engaged during pathogen invasion. We are only beginning to understand the context-dependent roles that different subsets of group 1 innate lymphocytes play during homeostatic pert...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Adams NM,Sun JC

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed analysis of the genes and proteins that participate in the murine immune response to PC has provided key insights at the structural level into the phenomenon of somatic mutation in B cells. Most anti-PC antibodies are encoded by 1 VH gene of the S107 subfamily, and 3 VK genes, VKT15 of the VK22 subfamily, V...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Malipiero UV,Levy NS,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the quest for effective immunization against complex diseases such as cancer, parasitic diseases, AIDS, and other viral infections, numerous peptides and recombinant proteins have been synthesized, examined for the ability to induce antibodies and CTLs, and tested for binding capability and therapeutic or prophylac...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Alving CR,Koulchin V,Glenn GM,Rao M

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells (MC) are multipotent effector cells of the immune system. They contain an array of biologically active mediator substances in their granules. MC also express a number of functionally important cell surface antigens, including stem cell factor receptor (SCFR=kit=CD117), high affinity IgER (FcepsilonRI), or C...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Valent P,Schernthaner GH,Sperr WR,Fritsch G,Agis H,Willheim M,Bühring HJ,Orfao A,Escribano L

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) are limited in their diversity, suggesting that their natural ligands may be few in number. Ligands for gammadeltaTCRs that have thus far been determined are predominantly of host rather than foreign origin. Correlations have been noted between the Vgamma and/or Vdelta genes a ga...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： O'Brien RL,Roark CL,Jin N,Aydintug MK,French JD,Chain JL,Wands JM,Johnston M,Born WK

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade, the paradigm of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) as rare recessive familial diseases that lead to broad, severe, and early-onset immunological defects has shifted toward collectively more common, but sporadic autosomal dominantly inherited isolated defects in the immune response. Patients with PID...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： van der Made CI,Hoischen A,Netea MG,van de Veerdonk FL

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As an essential mechanism for self-tolerance, immune suppression has attracted much attention since the discovery of suppressor T cells, now called regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the 1990s. Different types of Tregs have been described based on distinct expression patterns of surface markers and cytokines. Cytokines ar...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wan YY,Flavell RA

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00