Abstract:
:The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor isoforms, including PPARgamma, PPARalpha, and PPARdelta, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs) within promoters. PPARs bind as heterodimers with a retinoid X receptor and, upon binding agonist, interact with cofactors increasing the rate of transcription initiation. The PPARs play a critical physiological role as lipid sensors and regulators of lipid metabolism. Natural ligands for the PPARs include fatty acids and eicosanoids. More potent synthetic PPAR ligands, including the fibrates and thiazolidinediones, are effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes. Use of selective ligands led to the discovery of additional potential roles for the PPARs in pathological states, including atherosclerosis, inflammation, and hypertension. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms of PPAR action and the involvement of the PPARs in the etiology and treatment of several chronic diseases.
journal_name
Diabetes Technol Therjournal_title
Diabetes technology & therapeuticsauthors
Berger J,Wagner JAdoi
10.1089/15209150260007381keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
163-74issue
2eissn
1520-9156issn
1557-8593journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:The recent availability of a continuous glucose monitor offers the opportunity to match the demands of intensive diabetes management with a period of equally intensive blood glucose monitoring. The present study evaluates the performance of the MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091500316737
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a critical review of continuous glucose monitoring studies that address accuracy, utility in assessing glucose variability, detection of hypoglycemia for improved metabolic control or reduced glucose variability, impact on quality of life, reduced fear of hypoglycemia, and applicability in helping ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0261
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether snacking could be used with closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery to avoid exercise-induced reductions in plasma glucose (PG), as well as elevations in PG at the end of exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Twelve type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects (age 13-36 years, duration 10.7 ± 8.4 years, A1c 7...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0311
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:SAR342434 is a biosimilar follow-on of insulin lispro-Humalog®. This study aimed to show similar efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SAR342434 (SAR-Lis) versus insulin lispro-Humalog (Ly-Lis) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) treated with multiple daily injections while using basal insulin gl...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2017.0117
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because strict glucose control is important for reducing the complications of diabetes, the self-monitoring of blood glucose is one of the fundamental treatment modalities. Many glucometers have been developed. In the present study, we evaluated a new glucometer: GlucoDr Plus (Allmedicus, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0134
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the impact of a 2-year chat line involving adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding quality of life and metabolic control. METHODS:We enrolled 193 children, 10-18 years of age (mean ± SD, 13.6 ± 2.7 years), with type 1 diabetes for 1.2-6 years (3.6 ± 2.4 years), body mass index of 23.2 ± 4.1 ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0188
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of diabetes are increasing worldwide and there is not a sufficient clinical workforce to care for these patients. Diabetes-related apps are a feasible way to provide diabetes education to large numbers of people with diabetes but attrition rates are high. Apps enhanced by virtual coaching may be a way to circumn...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0016
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing standards of the management of the diabetic patients are not efficient enough, and further improvement is needed. The major objective of this paper is to present and discuss the therapeutic effectiveness of an intensive care telematic system designed and applied for intensive treatment of pregnant type 1 diab...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/15209150152811207
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are widely and increasingly used in diabetes self-management and in the context of clinic visits. However, access to CGM data during visits can be challenging. Clinic inefficiencies can restrict the time available for...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0377
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of the Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in non-diabetic children has revealed many low and high sensor glucose (SG) values, suggesting that the original analytical algorithm (Solutions 2.0) might be overreading glycemic excursions. A revised algorithm (Solutions 3.0) was introduced in ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091503765691866
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The quantitative analysis of glucose time-series can greatly help the management of diabetes. In particular, a static nonlinear transformation, which symmetrizes the distribution of glucose levels by bringing them in the so-called risk space, was proposed previously for both self-monitoring blood glucose and...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, a bihormonal artificial endocrine pancreas system utilizing glucagon and insulin has been found to stabilize glycemic control. However, commercially available formulations of glucagon cannot currently be used in such systems because of physical instability characte...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0047
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several biopharmaceuticals, including insulin and insulin analogs, are, or shortly will be, off-patent, thereby providing an opportunity for companies to attempt to manufacture "copies" commonly referred to as biosimilars and also known as follow-on biologics. Reassurance that such copy biologics are equally safe and ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0105
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: FreeStyle Libre is a factory-calibrated continuous 14-day glucose sensor. Little is known about the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre as a function of sensor age. Methods: We assessed the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre in 14...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0262
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hypodermic needles rapidly deliver large doses of drugs such as insulin across the skin for systemic administration, the pain, local trauma, and difficulty to achieve sustained or complex delivery profiles has motivated development of novel alternative technologies. Microneedles, jet injectors, and thermal po...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/152091501300209606
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Relatively little is known about parents' or children's attitudes toward recruitment for, and participation in, studies of new diabetes technologies immediately after diagnosis. This study investigated factors affecting recruitment of participants for studies in newly diagnosed youth with type 1 diabetes. M...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0157
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current clinical guidelines for diabetes care encourage self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to improve glycemic control. Specific protocols remain variable, however, particularly among non-insulin-using patients. This is due in part to efficacy studies that neglect to consider (1) the performance of monitoring equ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0104
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-term treatment is necessary to slow the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we examined the safety and efficacy of 6 years of treatment with exenatide once weekly (QW) among patients with T2D in the DURATION-1 trial. METHODS:The study enrolled patients aged ≥16 years with T2D treated primarily ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0107
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The junction of telemedicine home monitoring with multifaceted disease management programs seems nowadays a promising direction to combine the need for an intensive approach to deal with diabetes and the pressure to contain the costs of the interventions. Several projects in the European Union and the United...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.567
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microneedles have previously been used to deliver insulin to animal models, but not in human subjects. This study tested the hypothesis that hollow microneedles can deliver insulin to modulate blood glucose levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes in a minimally invasive manner. METHODS:This study was carrie...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0103
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a clear role for inflammation in the development of type 2 diabetes and its associated co-morbidities. Circulating inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, sialic acid, and interleukin- 6 are all significant independent predictors of disease. A number of nutritional components are hypothesized to modu...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2006.8.45
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, two systems for continuous tissue glucose monitoring (CGM) (Dexcom® G5 [DG5] and FreeStyle Libre [FL]) are intended to replace blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and, according to manufacturer labeling, are distributed as such in some jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union. ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0105
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The masked continuous glucose monitoring system (Masked-CGMS) differs from standard CGMSs in three ways: (1) there is no feedback to the user so that no immediate regimen changes can be made; (2) it can only be worn for up to 5 days; and (3) there are no alarms to warn of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Since...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0297
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies report measurements of interstitial glucose concentration every 5 min. CGM technologies have the potential to be utilized for prediction of prospective glucose concentrations with subsequent optimization of glycemic control. This article outlines a feed-forwar...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0104
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adherence to established standards (e.g., International Organization for Standardization [ISO] 15197) is important to ensure comparable and sufficient accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Accuracy evaluation was performed for different SMBG systems available in Europe with three r...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0085
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preventing the complications of diabetes requires tight control and minimizing blood glucose fluctuation. Pursuing these goals increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia. The authors hoped to identify if using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) decreased the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, resulted in less...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0121
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a key biomarker in the glycemic management of individuals with diabetes but the relationship with glucose levels can be variable. A recent kinetic model has described a calculated HbA1c (cHbA1c) that is individual-specific. Our aim was to validate the routine clinical use ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0553
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: The financial strain of type 1 diabetes on the United States health care system, patients, and employers underscores the importance of developing novel treatments for the disease. This study estimated the lifetime economic burden attributable to type 1 diabetes...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0398
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, it is still unknown whether differences in glycemic control have any effect on glucose and insulin kinetics after vildagliptin administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vildagliptin on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 24-h period in type 2 diabetes patients wit...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0020
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the expiration of patent protection for several originator insulin analog molecules, the availability of insulin analog copies is set to increase. Many regulatory authorities have developed, and continue to refine, guidelines for the approval of biosimilar insulin analogs. Aspects such as the structure, pharmacok...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0263
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00