Abstract:
:This review focuses on the role of the extended macrophage/monocyte family in the central nervous system during HIV or SIV infection. The accumulated data, buttressed by recent experimental results, suggest that these cells play a central, pathogenic role in retroviral-associated CNS disease. While the immune system is able to combat the underlying retroviral infection, the accumulation and widespread activation of macrophages, microglia, and perivascular cells in the CNS are held in check. However, with the collapse of the immune system and the disappearance of the CD4(+) T cell population, productive infection reemerges, especially in CNS macrophages. These cells, as well as noninfected macrophages, are stimulated to high levels of activation. When members of this cell group become highly activated, they elaborate a wide spectrum of deleterious substances into the neural parenchyma. In the final phases of HIV or SIV infection, this chronic, widespread, and dramatic level of macrophage/monocyte/microglial activation constitutes a self-sustaining state of macrophage dysregulation, which results in pathological alterations and the emergence of various neurological problems.
journal_name
Annu Rev Neuroscijournal_title
Annual review of neuroscienceauthors
Williams KC,Hickey WFdoi
10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142822keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
537-62eissn
0147-006Xissn
1545-4126pii
112701.142822journal_volume
25pub_type
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