Abstract:
:Bone health and strength are dependent on the coupling of cone resorption and bone formation. This process is governed by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts plus the modulating influence of the bone mechanicosensory cells-the osteocytes. Both sex steroids-estrogen (E) and testosterone (T)- have receptors on all bone cells, with androgen dominance on osteoblasts and osteocytes. Specific receptors for the weaker androgens, such as DHEA have also been identified. The activity of the sex steroids, influenced by various enzymes found in bone, is reflective of the hormone ligand before its binding to the bone cells. As a result, T acts both directly and via its aromatization to estradiol. The activity of the androgens also varies with the bone surface; periosteal cells, for example, do not have 5alpha-reductase activity, indicating that T is the active metabolite at this clinically important site. Androgens influence bone cell function via local and systemic growth factors and cytokines. By enhancing osteoblast differentiation, androgens regulate bone matrix production, organization, and mineralization. Androgens also regulate osteoclast recruitment and activity. Endogenous androgens increase bone mineral density (BMD) in both adolescent and adult premenopausal women. Women with excess endogenous androgen-for example, those with hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-have increased BMD compared with normal young women. E and androgen therapy increases BMD to a greater degree than does E therapy alone. This is true for both oral combinations of esterified E and methyltestosterone and for subcutaneous T implants. Androgenic progestins have an additive effect on BMD when combined with E therapy and have the further advantage of being protective to the endometrium in E-treated women. Androgens increase muscle mass and strength. The resulting improvement in physical activity leads to the activation of bone-forming sites and the stimulation of the bone formation-modulating cells, the osteocytes. Mechanical loading, when combined with hormone therapy, results in greater osteogenic response than does either alone.
journal_name
Fertil Steriljournal_title
Fertility and sterilityauthors
Notelovitz Mdoi
10.1016/s0015-0282(02)02968-0keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
S34-41eissn
0015-0282issn
1556-5653pii
S0015028202029680journal_volume
77 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine, for a woman aged >45 years, whether selected hormonal, health status, and demographic measures are related to the time to final menstrual period (FMP) from a point where 6 weeks separate the shortest and longest cycles experienced to date. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Volunteers in an academic...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03231-4
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the early years of in vitro fertilization, overall pregnancy rates were low, and it was considered necessary to transfer more than one embryo to increase the chances of pregnancy. It was not until advances in assisted reproductive technologies resulting in increased pregnancy rates that the concept of transferring ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.003
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemochromatosis is a rare disorder of iron storage. This report illustrates a case of hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism in a female with biopsy-proven hemochromatosis. Dynamic pituitary and gonadal testing revealed subnormal gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) but normal ovarian reserve, as sho...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53842-4
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between follicular blood flow and the follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and to determine which factor might be a better predictor of the outcome of IVF-ET. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Academic research labora...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.120
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of 299 patients evaluated for infertility between July 1, 1974, and December 31, 1976, 21 (7.2%) became pregnant during the initial evaluation prior to any recognized therapy. A comparative analysis was made between these 21 couples and the 223 completely evaluated infertility couples. No significant difference in sex...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specialist training in reproductive medicine within Europe continues to evolve. Recent revisions, updates, and initiatives have helped to refine the core educational needs for the specialist trainee. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.025
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe a patient with uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancy after hysteroscopic resection of a uterine septum. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:University hospital. PATIENT(S):A 30-year-old nulliparous woman, with a history of a first trimester spontaneous abortion, hysteroscopic uterine septum resec...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.075
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study and compared the results of IVF treatment in two groups of women with polycystic ovaries. The first group consisted of 42 women who were previously treated unsuccessfully with in vitro maturation (IVM), and the second group, 48 others with no previous IVM (control group). We included ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.033
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, with a focus on relevant clinical situations. DESIGN:A MEDLINE computer search was performed to identify relevant articles. RESULT(S):Leptin, an adipocyte hormone important in regulating ener...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03010-2
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the association of total isoflavone intake with ovulatory function, including sporadic anovulation in healthy premenopausal women. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:University. PATIENT(S):Participants included 259 healthy regularly menstruating women aged 18-44 years. INTERVENTION(S):None...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.002
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between leiomyomas and estrogen receptor gene polymorphism. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Department of gynecology and genetics. PATIENT(S):Women with (n = 159) or without leiomyomas (n = 131). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect dinucleotid...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04563-6
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To define a therapeutic strategy adapted to acute urine retention resulting from uterine incarceration in early pregnancy. DESIGN:Case report and review of the literature. SETTING:University hospital. PATIENT(S):Two cases of acute urine retention induced by severe fibroid incarceration in first trimester. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human placenta in vitro releases luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) which is immunologically indistinguishable from hypothalamic LRF. The release of LRF by placental tissue increased during the 4 days of culture and exceeded the original tissue content more than 5-fold. These data suggest that the human pl...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)44236-6
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of mutations or polymorphisms in the NPY-Y1R gene in human idiopathic central pubertal disorders. DESIGN:Molecular studies. SETTING:University hospital. PATIENT(S):Thirty-three patients with gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty, 22 with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and 50 con...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1519
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-blind randomized study was performed in two groups of eight normally cycling patients: group I received 10 mg/d of RU486 for 4 days from the date of ovulation and group II received a placebo. On day +5, cytosol and endometrial estrogen receptors (ERs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) were analyzed by radioli...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54183-1
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::"To understand the actual world as it is, not as we should wish it to be, is the beginning of wisdom." - Bertrand Russell. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.007
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LH-RH-a) in the treatment of leiomyomata. DESIGN:A retrospective randomized trial. SETTING:Hospital department of obstetrics and gynecology. PATIENTS:Twenty-five women, ages 36 to 54 years with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata, were ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54296-4
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of tamoxifen treatment on sperm density, motility, vitality, and morphology. DESIGN:Placebo-controlled, randomized study. SETTING:Outpatient department. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were assigned to two comparable groups: group A (n = 122) was treated with 10 mg tamoxifen twice daily for ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56705-3
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a baseline for projected studies of a rat endometriosis model. DESIGN:We investigated the effects of two macrophage-related growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), on proliferation, in vitro differentiation, and protein secretion of ute...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the importance of exogenous LH in poor responders undergoing IVF with GnRH antagonists. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:University-based IVF center. PATIENT(S):All patients with a history of poor response to ovarian stimulation undergoing IVF with GnRH antagonists between September 2...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.028
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh and cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of consecutive ICSI cycles. SETTING:Large urban reproductive medi...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00416-7
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the semen quality and hormonal status between patients with testicular cancer and normal versus increased serum levels of beta-hCG. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Academic research environment. PATIENT(S):All 203 patients with testicular cancer who required chemotherapy in the period 1995-2...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.016
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the potential annual cost savings of methotrexate (MTX) therapy for ectopic pregnancy (EP) at our institution and nationally. DESIGN:Retrospective. SETTING:San Francisco General Hospital. PATIENTS:All patients treated for EP in 1991. INTERVENTIONS:Medical records and billing statements were re...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare conventional two- (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) scanning of the uterine cavity with and without saline contrast medium. DESIGN:Observational pilot study. SETTING:University-based fertility service. PATIENT(S):Ten IVF patients requiring uterine cavity assessment. INTERVENTION(S):Two-dimensio...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58651-8
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate vaginal bleeding profiles with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as continuous combined therapy. DESIGN:The Women's Health, Osteoporosis, Progestin, Estrogen (Women's HOPE) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:S...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01792-7
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We previously demonstrated that adherence of endometrial epithelial (EECs) and stromal cells (ESCs) to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is partly regulated by ESC/EEC CD44 interactions with PMC associated hyaluronan. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein and major ligand for hyaluronan, has numerous splice va...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.012
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare two commonly used protocols (fresh vs. vitrified) used to transfer euploid blastocysts after IVF with preimplantation genetic screening. DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial. SETTING:Private assisted reproduction center. PATIENT(S):A total of 179 patients undergoing IVF treatment using preimplanta...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.022
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utility of random anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in assessing ovarian response among women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) diagnosed by elevated early follicular-phase FSH levels. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Academic and academically affiliated assisted reproductive technology...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.071
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severity of the symptoms of endometriosis has not always correlated well with the anatomic severity of the disease. This lack of correlation may be due to variations in the metabolic activity of the endometriotic implants present at different stages of the disease. Because prostaglandin F (PGF) has been implicated...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of female smoking on early embryo development in vitro using a time-lapse system. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database. SETTING:Assisted reproductive technology (ART) program. PATIENT(S):A total of 135 infertile couples undergoing IVF-intracytoplasmic spe...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.136
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00