Abstract:
:Type 2 cystatins comprise a class of cysteine peptidase inhibitor presumed to mediate protective functions at various locations, including the oral cavity. Seven cystatin genes are clustered within a 300-kb region of human 20p11.2. "Salivary" cystatins, encoded by CST1, 2, 4, and 5, are present in saliva at significant levels but have also been reported in other secretions, such as tears, suggesting that during their evolution, these genes have acquired mechanisms directing differential tissue-specific expression. However, their patterns of expression, which might also provide additional clues to their individual functions, have not been determined. Gene-specific RNase protection assays were used to examine the qualitative and quantitative distribution of expression of these seven genes within a collection of 23 adult human tissues. The CST3 gene, encoding cystatin C, was expressed at modest levels in all tissues examined. The presumptive pseudogenes CSTP1 and CSTP2 were not expressed at detectable levels in any tissue. The CST1, 2, 4, and 5 genes were expressed in differential, tissue-specific patterns. Expression of CST2 and CST5 was restricted to the submandibular and parotid glands, while CST1 and CST4 were expressed in these tissues and in the lacrimal gland. Immunohistochemistry studies localized expression to the serous-type secretory end pieces. Coexpression of CST1 and CST4 was also observed in the epithelial lining of the gallbladder and seminal vesicle. The CST1 product was detected in the tracheal glands and CST4 in the kidney and prostate. Despite their different adult patterns of expression, analysis of CST1, 2, 4, and 5 mRNA levels in infant submandibular glands demonstrated a coordinate upregulation of expression of between 3.5 and 9 months of age. The patterns of cystatin gene expression are consistent with several proposed oral functions of the salivary cystatins but also suggest they are important in other locations and that, despite their close sequence similarity, they are individually specialized.
journal_name
DNA Cell Bioljournal_title
DNA and cell biologyauthors
Dickinson DP,Thiesse M,Hicks MJdoi
10.1089/10445490252810311keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-65issue
1eissn
1044-5498issn
1557-7430journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Polyhomeotic is a member of the Polycomb group of genes. The products of this group are chromatin-associated proteins that act together as multimeric complexes. These proteins are required for the maintenance of target gene repression in a permanent and heritable manner during development. In order to better understan...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454901316976118
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a preliminary step toward muscle-mediated gene therapy in the mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI cat, we have analyzed the transcriptional regulation of feline N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (f4S) gene expression from various retroviral constructs in primary cultures of muscle cells. Two retroviral constructs w...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454999315402
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital cataract refers to a lens opacity caused by multiple etiological factors, including genetic mutation, abnormal metabolism of the lens, and infection. Currently, there are >100 known disease-causing genes as well as 60 known mutations in the Cx46 gene (Gap junction alpha-3, GJA3) associated with congenital c...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2020.5605
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are important for mitochondrial-encoded protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. In addition to their roles in mitoribosome assembly, several mitochondrial ribosome proteins are also implicated in cellular processes like cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial homeosta...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2016.3271
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene delivery from tissue engineering scaffold is a novel strategy in regulating long-term growth and function of cells in vitro culture. In this study, a hepatocyte growth factor plasmid/polyetherimide (pHGF/PEI) polyplex delivering alginate (AL)/galactosylated chitosan (GC) (pHGF/PEI-AL/GC) sponge scaffold was prepa...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2019.5136
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plastins (or fimbrins) are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved from yeast to humans. In mammals, three tissue-specific plastin isoforms have been identified. The L isoform (L-plastin) is normally expressed only in leukocytes but is also found in >90% of neoplastic nonleukocyte human cells. Because L-...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.1997.16.9
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasing amount of evidence suggests that interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, association between single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-18 and the risk of schizophrenia has not been clarified. This study examined whether two promoter polymorphisms -137 G/C ...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1221
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor delta EF1 is a key player in estrogen-signaling cascades in vertebrates. In this pathway, estrogen induces the expression of the gene encoding delta EF1, and then delta EF1 activates transcription of downstream targets. Yet, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional activation by delta EF1 h...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454904322745907
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenotransplantation from pigs to human beings is viewed as a potential solution for the acute organ shortage. However, consequent xenorejection induced by Gal alpha 1,3 Gal (a Gal, Gal antigen) prevents xenotransplantation from clinical application. Thus, the most attracting attempt to prevent xenorejection is the eli...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2005.24.235
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth factors are important mediators of proliferation. Deregulation in growth factor mechanisms as well as in its receptors will contribute to cancer development. One of the most important is the epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is encoded by EGF gene. A functional polymorphism at position 61 (A/G) is associated...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2008.0823
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a method to determine gene structure that utilizes the known gene structure of homologous proteins and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Because homologous proteins have evolved from a common ancestral gene, it is possible to design primers corresponding to the adjacent exon sequences in the protein...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.1995.14.343
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes is a worldwide health problem with increasing prevalence. Some reports indicate the interplay between bone and glucose metabolism. The imbalance between bone resorption and formation resulted in the structural integrity and strength of bone. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its agonists (Liraglutide) have ...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2018.4397
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::At supramolecular resolution, DNA synthesis begins at preferred replication origins in the chromosomes of metazoan cells. To characterize one of these origins in detail, the initiation of replication was examined in the HeLa c-myc origin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of size-fractionated nascent chrom...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.1998.17.885
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coupling of viral and arthropod host diversity, with evolving methods of virus discovery, has resulted in the identification and classification of a growing number of novel insect-specific viruses (ISVs) that appear to be evolutionarily related to many human pathogens but have either lost or have yet to gain the a...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2017.4019
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genes involved in the production of nitric oxide (NO) have been suggested as genetic factors for migraine. It has been studied whether polymorphisms in the genes encoding for different types of NO synthase (NOS) could be involved in the liability to migraine; however, most studies yield negative results. The pentanucl...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2010.1102
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between IL1A and/or IL1B polymorphisms and periodontal disease is inconsistent. We investigated associations between three IL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding interleukin (IL) -1α (rs1800587) and IL-1β (rs1143634 and rs16944) and the risk of periodo...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2013.2202
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we cloned a polyspecific transporter from rat (rOCT1) that is expressed in renal proximal tubules and hepatocytes and mediates electrogenic uptake of organic cations with different molecular structures. Recently a homologous transporter from rat kidney (rOCT2) was cloned but not characterized in detail. We ...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.1997.16.871
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transfection of keratinocytes with plasmid DNA leads to the loss of detectable DNA-binding activity of CCAAT displacement protein but not of Yin Yang 1, as monitored by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This phenomenon was found to be attributable to the presence of plasmid DNA in the nuclear extracts prepared fro...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454902753604989
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The G0S19 genes are members of the "small inducible" family of genes, which have similar exon-intron organizations and encode secreted proteins with similar dispositions of cysteine and proline residues. G0S19-1 mRNA is increased shortly after the addition of lectin or cycloheximide to cultured human blood mononuclear...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.589
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA repair is reduced in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it can induce the production of autoreactive antibodies due to the accumulation of DNA damage and nucleoprotein that produce immunogenic antigens. The accumulations of anti-Ku and DNA-PKcs antibodies, which are involved in nonhomo...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2014.2465
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is strong evidence for the presence of a functional renin-angiotensin system in human adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of polymorphic variants of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D) and angiotensin II type I receptor gene (AGTR1 A1166C) with extreme obesity and obe...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2013.2014
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was to explore whether the polymorphisms of FAM167 A-BLK region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The second sequencing technology was undertaken for seven tag loci mapping of the FAM167 A-BLK region, namely, rs11250144, rs2618431, rs4840568, rs13277113, rs2...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2018.4344
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that have been implicated in a wide variety of cellular functions through post-transcriptional regulations on target genes. Common genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in pre-miRNA genes may alter their expression and/or maturation effe...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2010.1159
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (Indels) can be associated with phenotypic traits and be used as markers for disease diagnosis. Identification of these genetic variations within laboratory mice is crucial to improve our understanding of the genetic background of th...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1353
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to present a mathematical computer simulation model for multistage carcinogenesis. The population genetic model is developed based on the reaction diffusion, logistic behavior, and Hollings Type II interactions between normal, benign, and premalignant cells. The simple form of the Fisher-Halda...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2004.23.625
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles that are best known for their roles in lipid metabolism. Mounting evidence indicates that they are also important nodes for antiviral signaling. While research over the past few decades has revealed effective viral strategies to block antiviral signalling pathways from the pla...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dna.2018.4153
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The globally distributed American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is considered a pest, but it has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past, the American cockroach's genome and transcriptomes were sequenced, but the differential expression transcripts between developmental stages were unavailabl...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2018.4578
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder that lacks effective therapeutic methods. In this research, expressions of PPARα, RXRα, and miR-21 were evaluated in PD patients and normal controls. To investigate the effects of miR-21, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and aspirin (ASA) on PD, as well as the...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2017.3643
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic DNA virus with many favorable properties as a gene delivery vector. HSV is highly infectious, so HSV vectors are efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genetic material to cells. Viral replication is readily disrupted by null mutations in immediate early genes that...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/104454902762053864
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Head and neck cancers (head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [HNSCC]) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying presenting symptoms, treatment, and expected outcome. There is a need to find an effective way of its treatment at the molecular level. Thus, we should identify the mechanism of cancer cell respon...
journal_title:DNA and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1325
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00