Abstract:
:Using the Hawaiian acorn worm, Ptychodera flava, we began molecular studies on the development of hemichordates, a phylum previously unstudied at this level. Here we review results garnered from the examination of a few specific genes selected to help understand the evolution of vertebrate structures. These studies suggest new ideas about the evolution of developmental mechanisms in the deuterostomes. In a seminal observation, we noted an unexpected zone of expression of the Brachyurygene in the early anterior embryonic ectoderm where the mouth will form. Typically, the Brachyury gene is closely linked to development of the notochord and is expressed around the blastopore and in the posterior mesoderm in most animals. This first expression of Brachyury at the blastopore may represent a regulatory program associated with organizing the original animal head and gut opening, as suggested by the expression of Brachyury during hypostome formation in hydra. We believe that the anterior expression of Brachyury in deuterostomes represents the cooption of the program for organizing the original animal gut opening to form the deuterostome mouth. Recent data from the trochophore larva of a polychaete show that an anterior zone of expression of Brachyury is produced in this protostome by splitting of the Brachyury field during the formation of a gut with a mouth and anus by the lateral fusion of the sides of the blastopore. The ability to initiate independently a secondary regulatory program to organize the new mouth leading to an anterior field of Brachyury expression may be a signal event in the evolution of the deuterostomes. We also noted that the P. flava homolog of T-brain/Eomes, a gene closely related by sequence and expression around the blastopore to Brachyury and associated with development of the vertebrate brain, also exhibits early posterior expression around the blastopore and a field of de novo anterior ectoderm expression during later embryogenesis. The tissue in the zone of de novo anterior ectoderm expression of Pf-Tbrain produces the apical organ, a larval neural structure that has been touted as an evolutionary precursor of the chordate dorsal brain. The gene regulatory mechanisms responsible for initiating the anterior zone of de novo expression of T-brain may represent a cooption to specify early neuroectoderm of the regulatory program evolved first to drive anterior Brachyury expression for deuterostome mouth formation. It will be interesting to examine the possibilities that an ability to initiate the de novo anterior expression of the program that includes T-brain may be a key event in the evolution of the developmental mechanisms leading to the chordate dorsal nervous system.
journal_name
Evol Devjournal_title
Evolution & developmentauthors
Tagawa K,Satoh N,Humphreys Tdoi
10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.01050.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
443-54issue
6eissn
1520-541Xissn
1525-142Xjournal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Understanding the genetic basis of life-history traits is a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology. Many closely related species have contrasting life-history strategies, suggesting that the switches in early development that lead to divergent life-histories evolve quickly and frequently. Life-history changes that...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12128
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrae are serially homologous structures with tight integration through their evolution and development. However, in mammals, the thoracic and lumbar regions are morphologically and functionally differentiated. We test the hypothesis that locomotor specialization is associated with altered post-natal growth patter...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12069
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A crucial role for the cranial neural crest in head development has been established for both actinopterygian fishes and tetrapods. It has been claimed, however, that the neural crest is unimportant for head development in the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), a member of the group (Dipnoi) which is commonl...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00061.x
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of the turtle plastron is not known, but these nine bones have been homologized to the exoskeletal components of the clavicles, the interclavicular bone, and gastralia. Earlier evidence from our laboratory showed that the bone-forming cells of the plastron were positive for HNK-1 and PDGFRalpha, two markers...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00159.x
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::How do proteins evolve while maintaining their function? Previous studies find a highly stringent structure/function relationship between the Drosophila melanogaster testis-specific tubulin beta2 and the spermtail axoneme, such that small changes in the beta2 protein render it unable to generate a motile axoneme. This...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05072.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mollusks have a wide variety of body plans, which develop through conserved early embryogenesis, namely spiral embryonic development and trochophore larvae. Although the comparative study of mollusks has attracted the interest of evolutionary developmental biology researchers, less attention has been paid to bivalves....
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ede.12334
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jaw shedding and replacement of Diopatra aciculata (Onuphidae, Eunicida), by the same process as arthropod molting, involving apolysis and ecdysis, is described here. These observations suggest that molting has either evolved convergently in eunicidan polychaetes and ecdysozoans or it was present in the last ecdysozoa...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05039.x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The venom-injecting forcipules of centipedes represent an evolutionary novelty that appeared in the centipede stem lineage more than 400 Ma. No other lineage of arthropods (or indeed of animals) has evolved claws for injecting venom from a pair of walking legs. However, little is known of the development, ultrastructu...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00527.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mocker swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, has a female-limited polymorphic mimicry. This polymorphism is controlled by allelic variation at a single locus with at least 11 alleles. Many of the alternative morphs are accurate mimics of different species of distasteful butterflies. Geneticists have long been interested ...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03063.x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular and morphological data sets have yielded conflicting phylogenies for the Metazoa. So far, no general explanation for the existence of this conflict has been suggested. However, I believe that a neglected aspect of metazoan cladistics has introduced a systematic and substantial bias into morphological phyloge...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2004.04045.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been shown that the three metazoan superphyla that are recognized on the basis of 18S rDNA phylogenies--ecdysozoans, lophotrochozoans, and deuterostomes--each have characteristic Hox genes. This observation has been taken further, and these "signature" Hox genes have been looked for in taxa of uncertai...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00075.x
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geophilomorph centipedes show variation in segment number (a) between closely related species and (b) within and between populations of the same species. We have previously shown for a Scottish population of the coastal centipede Strigamia maritima that the temperature of embryonic development is one of the factors th...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00421.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphioxus probably has only a single gene (AmphiPax3/7) in the Pax3/7 subfamily. Like its vertebrate homologs (Pax3 and Pax7), amphioxus AmphiPax3/7 is probably involved in specifying the axial musculature and muscularized notochord. During nervous system development, AmphiPax3/7 is first expressed in bilateral antero...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99019.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The highly specialized cephalopod cardiovascular system has long been considered a valuable model for understanding the evolution of circulatory systems. Despite the number of studies devoted to this topic, the developmental regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we focus on the vascular endothelial gr...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00388.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myogenesis of two representatives of Platyhelminthes, Stylostomum sanjuania and Pseudoceros canadensis, was followed from egg deposition until well-differentiated free-swimming larval stages, using F-actin staining and confocal laserscanning microscopy. Zonulae adhaerentes are the only structures to stain before 50% o...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00405.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic heterogeneity and homogeneity are associated with distinct sets of adaptive advantages and bottlenecks, both in developmental biology and population genetics. Whereas populations of individuals are usually genetically heterogeneous, most multicellular metazoans are genetically homogeneous. Observing that resou...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12287
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of GpANTL1, a homolog of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) found in the gymnosperm Gnetum parvifolium, was analyzed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. GpANTL1 was expressed in the leaf primordia, root tips, and young ovules. In the ovulate axis, expression was detected as four distinct rings around the outer, middle...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00237.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vertebrate Zic gene family encodes C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors closely related to the Gli proteins. Zic genes are expressed in multiple areas of developing vertebrate embryos, including the dorsal neural tube where they act as potent neural crest inducers. Here we describe the characterization of a Zic ...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03020.x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary transitions in larval nutritional mode have occurred on numerous occasions independently in many marine invertebrate phyla. Although the evolutionary transition from feeding to nonfeeding development has received considerable attention through both experimental and theoretical studies, mechanisms underlyi...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2004.04047.x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In termites, the capacity of workers to differentiate into neotenic reproductives is an important characteristic that deserves particular attention. To gain insight into the differentiation pathway, the potentialities of workers and the endocrinal changes during the formation of neotenics were compared in two sympatri...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00464.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When approaching the study of terminal growth and segmentation, comparative morphology provides an important guide to formulate questions. There are often problems in unambiguously identifying the axis along which we wish to study terminal (often, actually, subterminal) growth, especially when the trunk axis is poster...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05060.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of floral organ identity was investigated using a forward genetic approach in five floral homeotic mutants of Thalictrum, a noncore eudicot. We hypothesized that these mutants carry defects in the floral patterning genes. Mutant characterization comprised comparative floral morphology and organ identity...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12357
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Living archosaurs (crocodiles and birds) represent an intriguing evo-devo model system. Although close in phylogenetic relationship, the two lineages show considerable divergence in trends of phenotypic evolution. The head anatomy of recent crocodilians has changed little in comparison with that of their crocodylomorp...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00352.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of morphological evolution is one of the greatest challenges in evolutionary biology. Sexually dimorphic traits, which often evolve at a high rate due to their involvement in mate choice and sexual selection, present unique opportunities for investigating changes in d...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02017.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phylogenetic positions of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians have been difficult to establish. Data matrices based primarily on Paleozoic taxa support a monophyletic origin of all Lissamphibia but have resulted in widely divergent hypotheses of the nature of their common ancestor. Analysis that concentrates on the...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03038.x
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterochrony is an important mechanism in the evolution of amphibians. Although studies have centered on the relationship between size and shape and the rates of development, ossification sequence heterochrony also may have been important. Rigorous, phylogenetic methods for assessing sequence heterochrony are relative...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12043
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Insecta and malacostracan Crustacea, neurons in the ventral ganglia are generated by the unequal division of neuronal stem cells, the neuroblasts (Nbs), which are arranged in a stereotyped, grid-like pattern. In malacostracans, however, Nbs originate from ectoteloblasts by an invariant lineage, whereas Nbs in insec...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.003003154.x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The astounding variety of angiosperm flower morphologies has evolved in response to many selective forces. Flower development is highly coordinated and involves developmental associations between size and shape, ontogenetic allometry, which in turn affect the morphology of mature flowers. Although ontogenetic allometr...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12246
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ontogeny often provides the most compelling evidence for primary homology in evolutionary developmental studies and is critical to interpreting complex structures in a phylogenetic context. As an example of this, we document the ontogenetic development of the caudal skeleton of Caranx crysos by examining a series of c...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00148.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apical organs are a well-known structure in almost all ciliated eumetazoan larvae, although their function is poorly known. A review of the literature indicates that this small ganglion is the "brain" of the early larva, and it seems probable that it represents the brain of the ancestral, holopelagic ancestor of all e...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05051.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00