Abstract:
:1. The worldwide epidemic of obesity in adults has been mirrored in children in developed and developing countries. 2. Central obesity appears to be driving a cluster of abnormalities often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. 3. The definition of the metabolic syndrome in children is not suited to arbitrary cut-offs and a definition using the significant clustering of risk factors that is already evident in childhood and adolescent populations may be preferable. 4. An Australian population study showed that 25% of 8-year-olds and 29% of 14-year-olds could be described by the high risk cluster with features similar to adult metabolic syndrome. 5. The high risk cluster was significantly linked to high and low birthweight, shorter duration of breast-feeding, larger postnatal weight gains after 12 months of age and raised C-reactive protein, gamma glutamyl transferase and alanine transaminase levels. At-risk young adults have also been shown to have macroscopic atherosclerosis in post-mortem studies. 6. Identification of at-risk children has obvious benefits for the individual and as well, for prevention of a future cohort with raised cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, complexities and controversies exist in doing so. Familial, genetic and lifestyle risk factors aggregate and labelling children with predisease may be problematic. Committed political and societal changes are necessary to reduce childhood obesity and subsequent adult cardiovascular disease.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Beilin L,Huang RCdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04887.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
409-11issue
4eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681pii
CEP4887journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), a major modulator of vascular tone, is synthesized from the terminal guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine. This reaction is inhibited by analogues of L-arginine, such as N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Many of the biological effects of NO are mediated by the second messe...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Strips of rabbit anococcygeus muscle were submaximally contracted by the addition of phenylephrine to the bath fluid. 2. Acetylcholine, dimethylphenylpiperazinium and electrical field stimulation caused relaxation. Relaxation induced by acetylcholine and field stimulation was blocked by tetrodotoxin but only the ac...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00598.x
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We tested the hypothesis that the pattern and the intensity of autonomic mechanisms causing vasoconstriction in the resting bronchial circulation of awake dogs also exists in awake sheep. It was also postulated that sighing behaviour and the associated bronchovascular dilatation induced by non-adrenergic, non-choli...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02723.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E1 on hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 and bax in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The H/R model was made using the first generation of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia/re-oxygenation ap...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04311.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Infusion of increasing doses of angiotensin II (AII) in normal subjects sequentially increased blood pressure, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels. 2. The slope of ANP response to AII was positively correlated with basal ANP and with the slope of blood pressure response to AII (pressor slope) bu...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01714.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of parecoxib, a novel cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, on spontaneous and prostaglandin-induced contractions of uterine smooth muscle. 2. Non-pregnant adult Wistar rats were decapitated and dissected to isolate myometrial strips. The tissue was mounted in ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04632.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It has been suggested that Na+/K(+)-ATPase and Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport (GluT) are tightly linked in brain tissue. In the present study, we have investigated Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity using Rb+ uptake by 'minislices' (prisms) of the cerebral cortex. This preparation preserves the morphology of neurons, sy...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04090.x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present review reports some of the earliest physiological changes that occur in the diabetic retina prior to any clinical or anatomical changes in an animal model of diabetes. 2. Using chemically induced diabetes (by streptozotocin) in rats, retinal blood flow and vitreal and retinal oxygen tension were determi...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02133.x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In order to further characterize the adenosine binding sites that we previously purified and termed P3 purinergic receptor-like protein (P3LP), a reliable binding assay method was developed using [3H]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) as a radioligand and the newly developed high-affinity selective ligand 9-(6,...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03438.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast media are considered to cause acute kidney injury by activating various factors that induce renal vasoconstriction. We analysed the renal microvascular haemodynamic response using the Doppler flow wire method. Then changes in urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels following contrast medium admin...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12653
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Although it is well established that hypertension is the main risk factor for stroke, the complexity of cerebrovascular problems related to hypertension is not generally appreciated. 2. Hypertension can cause stroke through many mechanisms. A high intraluminal pressure will lead to extensive alteration in endotheli...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03081.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It is well documented that cisplatin (CDDP) treatment increases the expression of adenosine A(1) receptors in both kidney and testes. However, the effect of adenosine at these receptors is controversial. Adenosine A(1) receptors have been documented to be involved in either cytoprotection or aggravation of nephroto...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04127.x
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Iron overload contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases and directly induces tissue injury. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between heart and liver injury induced by iron overload and cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to explore the molecular mechanism of iron overload-indu...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05114.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Epidermal growth factor is a potent mitogen that causes natriuresis, diuresis and inhibition of arginine vasopressin-induced water reabsorption. 2. The aim of this study was to determine any interaction between epidermal growth factor and the V1 (vascular) and/or V2 (antidiuretic) arginine vasopressin receptor subt...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02506.x
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study evaluated changes in autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in conscious rats following blockade of endothelin (ET) receptors with bosentan. 2. Rats were treated with bosentan or vehicle (5% gum arabic) for 7 days by gavage. 3. Baseline heart rate (HR) was higher in the bosentan-treated gr...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04866.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Gastric emptying studies in small laboratory animals are hampered by the deficiency of a technique that is non-invasive and repeatable. The aim of the present study was to adapt the non-invasive [13C]-octanoic acid breath test, which has been validated in humans, to assess both liquid and solid gastric emptying in ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03318.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the rectum and distal nephron, sodium reabsorption is mediated by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The ENaC-mediated sodium transport is electrogenic and creates an amiloride-sensitive transepithelial potential difference (PD). 2. We have evaluated the salt- and angiotensin (Ang)II-depen...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03204.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The currently available chemotherapeutic regimens against gastric cancer are not very effective, leading to high recurrence and poor survival. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol with potent apoptosis-inducing activity. However, the mechanism underlying its actions remains unknown. In the present study, hu...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05660.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide is a potent anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective molecule in healthy animals. However, recent study demonstrates that overexpression of eNOS exacerbates the liver injury in diabetic animals. whether diabetes may also alter NO's biologic activity in ischaemic/reperfused heart remains unknown. The present ex...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12781
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Renin is highly expressed in submandibular gland (SMG) of mouse, which has two genes, Ren-1d and Ren-2d, but not at all in rat SMG. Differences in nuclear protein binding to renin promoter DNA were, therefore, explored. 2. Rat -169 to +23 renin DNA formed complexes with both mouse and rat extract, whereas a corresp...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01684.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effect of enalapril on handling of an Na load and on body Na during 96 h of zero Na intake was measured in hypertensive rats (GH and SHR) and their normotensive controls (N and WKY) by a whole body counting method. 2. Enalapril treatment led to a greater fall in body Na in the first 24 h after the Na load (as e...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00475.x
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The spinal sympathetic outflow (C7-T2) of pithed male Wistar rats was electrically stimulated (30-50 V, 0.5 ms, 0.1-1.0 Hz) and heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded. D-Tubocurarine (1 mg/kg) and atropine (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (i.v.) to reduce voluntary and parasympathetic nerve a...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01036.x
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The transplacental transfer of D-xylose was investigated in the present study. 2. Umbilical perfusion of the rat term placenta was used to study materno-foetal (M-F) and foetomaternal (F-M) transfer of this compound. 3. D-Xylose was found to cross the rat term placenta very quickly in the M-F direction, with subseq...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02144.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a conserved group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion between cis and trans conformations of proline imidic peptide bonds. These enzymes play critical roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular function and pathophysiology of disease. There are three different cla...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12335
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Total fluid and saline intakes were greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive rats (NTR). 2. Total fluid and saline intake were significantly elevated in prehypertensive SHR, 5 weeks old, compared with age-matched NTR, and the intakes fell with age in both strains but remained considerab...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1983.tb00172.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) is characterized by phospholipid storage in the lysosomes of affected tissues. Many severe effects and toxicities have been linked to DIPL. The aim of this study was to determine whether the endogenous opioid system is involved in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis. The effect of...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13332
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (AFE) on both hepatic fibrosis and regeneration in rats. 2. Fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. 3. In DMN-treated rats, liver cirrhosis-ass...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04062.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuropathy target esterase (NTE), and carboxylesterase (CbxE) were compared in neuroblastoma cells of human origin (SH-SY5Y) and murine origin (NB41A3). 2. Mouse neuroblastoma cells had lower specific activities of NTE and CbxE than did human neuroblastoma cells; specific ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02027.x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy has been implicated in the reduction of baroreflex sensitivity present in hypertension. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mean arterial pressure-heart rate reflex (MAP-HR) in a model which induced left ventricular hypertrophy but no sustained blood pressure elevat...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02433.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to perform an in vivo estimation of the Michaelis-Menten constants of the major metabolic pathways of paracetamol (APAP). 2. A two-occasion, single-dose cross-over trial was performed using 60 and 90 mg/kg doses of APAP in healthy patients undergoing third molar dental extraction. P...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05029.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00