N-nitrososdimethylamine is activated in microsomes from hepatocytes to reactive metabolites which damage DNA of non-parenchymal cells in rat liver.

abstract：:Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is the most frequently used analgesic drug worldwide. However, patients in several specific populations can have an increased exposure to toxic APAP metabolites. Therefore, APAP-protein adducts have been proposed as an alternative marker for the assessment of APAP intoxications and as...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Delahaye L,Dhont E,De Cock P,De Paepe P,Stove CP

更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study describes two phases of a multi-phase project aiming to validate a mouse model for cow's milk allergy to assess the potential allergenicity of hydrolysed cow's milk based infant formulas (claim support EC-directive 2006/141/E). The transferability and the discriminatory power of this model was evaluated in ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： van Esch BC,van Bilsen JH,Jeurink PV,Garssen J,Penninks AH,Smit JJ,Pieters RH,Knippels LM

更新日期：2013-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:To clarify a possible mechanism of zinc (Zn)-induced tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity on bone formation, femurs from 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 6 days by the roller-tube method in the presence of Cd (2, 4 or 9 microM) and/or Zn (60 microM). Zn prevented a decrease in bone growth caused by Cd at 4 and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kaji T,Takata M,Hoshino T,Miyahara T,Kozuka H,Kurashige Y,Koizumi F

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical and histopathologic parameters of nephrotoxicity were measured in groups of male Fischer-344 rats after a 2-week, 5-days-a-week schedule of oral administration (0.5 ml/kg) of the following substances: aviation gasoline (grade 100) (AVG), automobile regular unleaded gasoline (ULG) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gérin M,Viau C,Talbot D,Greselin E

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of dietary vomitoxin on the serum IgA and IgG responses to two model intestinal antigens, casein and cholera toxin (CT), were assessed in 4 experimental groups: (1) mice fed casein-based diet, (2) mice fed casein-based diet containing 25 ppm vomitoxin, (3) mice fed casein-based diet and immunized with CT, a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pestka JJ,Moorman MA,Warner RL

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects mig...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wu L,Wang Z,Li X,He X,Han Y,Chen Y,Liu L,Fu L,Zhang T

更新日期：2020-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evalua...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Xu X,Deng F,Guo X,Lv P,Zhong M,Liu C,Wang A,Tzan K,Jiang SY,Lippmann M,Rajagopalan S,Qu Q,Chen LC,Sun Q

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and induced apoptosis in DB...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liang WZ,Chou CT,Hsu SS,Liao WC,Shieh P,Kuo DH,Tseng HW,Kuo CC,Jan CR

更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In Europe and the USA the prevalence of certain forms of allergic disease is rising; an increase that can not be reconciled simply on the basis of changes in diagnostic fashion. The changes observed have been too rapid to be explained by alterations in the gene pool and, as a consequence, there has been a growing inte...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kimber I

更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1999 issued draft guidelines on carcinogen risk assessment, which included the use mode of action information in the risk assessment process. We have used the five stages of induction of toxicity as described by Aldridge to illustrate in the case of two drugs, tamoxifen ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lock EA,Smith LL

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro N-methylating capability of rabbit tissue cytosolic preparations, utilizing S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine as methyl donor, is described. Dialysed preparations from the lung, liver and kidney are capable of N-methylating 3- and 4-phenylpyridines and 3,3'- and 4,4'-bispyridyls; the corresponding 2-subs...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Godin CS,Crooks PA,Damani LA

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human steroid sulfatase (STS) plays an important role in regulating the formation of biologically active estrogens and may be a promising target for treating estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism of STS gene expression, however, is still not clear. Growth factors are known to increase STS activity ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sung CH,Im HJ,Park N,Kwon Y,Shin S,Ye DJ,Cho NH,Park YS,Choi HK,Kim D,Chun YJ

更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Shikonin, a natural red colorant, is widely used for food garnishment and cosmetic ingredient in the world. Shikonin also possesses a variety of pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about its effects on the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) activity...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Cheng Y,Tang S,Chen A,Zhang Y,Liu M,Wang X

更新日期：2019-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been established to induce chemoresistance and metabolic diseases. Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin, decreases the expression of PXR protein in human primary hepatocytes. OTA is chlorinated and has a methylated lactone ring. Both structures are associated with OTA toxicity. The study w...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shen Y,Shi Z,Fan JT,Yan B

更新日期：2020-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic musks are present in fine fragrances, cosmetics, soaps and laundry detergents. One of the most important synthetic musks is 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthaline+ ++ (AHTN; annual production: about 1500 metric tons). An increasing number of studies show that AHTN accumulates in surfa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Steinberg P,Fischer T,Arand M,Park E,Elmadfa I,Rimkus G,Brunn H,Dienes HP

更新日期：1999-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic feeding of male Wistar rats with food containing hexachlorobenzene (HCB) at 17.5 mmol/kg induced elevation of serum amino-transferases and bilirubin content, increase of microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration, and decrease of 5'-nucleotidase, K+,Na+- and Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase activities in liver pla...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nikolaev V,Naydenova E,Kerimova M,Dimov S,Ivanov E

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral intubation of 50 and 100 mg/kg acephate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 45% and 56%, and reduced basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration by 29% and 25% after 4 h in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis). Dietary exposure to 25, 100, and 400 ppm acephate for 5 days sub...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rattner BA,Michael SD

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Free fatty acids (FFA), commonly elevated in diabetes and obesity, have been shown to impair endothelial functions and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Anthocyanins represent one of the most important and interesting classes of flavonoids and seem to play a role in preventing cardiovascula...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fratantonio D,Speciale A,Ferrari D,Cristani M,Saija A,Cimino F

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Effect of sublethal concentrations (0.0083, 0.0055, 0.0041, 0.0033 and 0.0028 mg/l) of sodium penta-chlorophenate (Na-PCP) on the enzymes SDH, PDH and LDH in brain, liver and gills of Notopterus notopterus after 15 ad 30 days exposure were studied. SDH and PDH were inhibited, and LDH were stimulated significantly at m...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Verma SR,Rani S,Dalela RC

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a crucial role in the cellular defense against oxidative/electrophilic stress by up-regulating multiple antioxidant genes. Numerous studies with genetically modified animals have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a sensitivity determining factor upon the exposure to env...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jung KA,Choi BH,Nam CW,Song M,Kim ST,Lee JY,Kwak MK

更新日期：2013-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) in air pollution increases cardiovascular mortality by passing into systemic circulation and possibly affecting endothelial cell (EC) function. This study identified the chemical constituents, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in diesel exhaust particula...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sumanasekera WK,Ivanova MM,Johnston BJ,Dougherty SM,Sumanasekera GU,Myers SR,Ali Y,Kizu R,Klinge CM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A wholesomeness feeding study was carried out in mice fed equal amounts of cod or redfish, comprising 45% of the diet. Three groups of animals received either irradiated [1.75 kGy (175 krad)] fish, non-irradiated fish or stock ration. A 90-day subchronic study, a multigeneration reproduction, a dominant lethality and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： van Petten LE,Calkins JE,McConnell RF,Gottschalk HM,Elias PS

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the study was to investigate the neurotoxic effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat's hippocampal slices using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The amplitude and frequency of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) were accessed on...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chen T,Yang J,Zhang H,Ren G,Yang Z,Zhang T

更新日期：2014-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of sublethal concentration (0.8 of LC50 96 h) of nickel sulphate (NiSO4 X 7H2O) on muscle glycogen and blood lactic acid levels of a freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus, at time intervals from 3-96 h have been recorded. Muscle glycogen levels showed a general decrease at all time intervals compared with contr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chaudhry HS

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) is used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride products. A tolerable daily intake of DPHP of 0.2 mg/kg body weight has been derived from rat data. Because toxicokinetic data of DPHP in humans were not available, it was the aim of the present work to monitor DPHP and selected metab...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Klein D,Kessler W,Pütz C,Semder B,Kirchinger W,Langsch A,Gries W,Otter R,Gallien AKE,Wurzenberger X,Filser JG

更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been emerging as a great health problem in China. However, lack of appropriate animal model slows down the progress in understanding pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of current study is to establish and evaluate a more adequate rat model...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zheng H,Liu Y,Huang T,Fang Z,Li G,He S

更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of two polyamino-polycarboxylic acids, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and two thiol-chelating agents, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) on the excretion of manganese (Mn) in rabbits given Mn i.p. w...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Khandelwal S,Kachru DN,Tandon SK

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary renal neoplasms in the rats are uncommon. Nephroblastoma is the only renal embryonal tumor of the rat; all other tumors are reported in older rats. The occurrence of spontaneous nephroblastoma in rats has been reported. However, metastasis from the nephroblastoma in rat is extremely rare. Data from 2669 Spragu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chandra M,Carlton WW

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible embryotoxic effects of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride doses (expressed as free base) of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg of body weight per day administered orally in water to mice and rats from the 6th to 15th day post-coitum were investigated. Treatment with daily doses of up to 100 mg/kg of body weight to mice and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lorke D,Machemer L

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Andersen ME

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00