Abstract:
:Seven purified proteins may be combined to reconstitute regulated, promoter-dependent RNA polymerase II transcription: five general transcription factors, Mediator, and RNA polymerase II. The entire system has been conserved across species from yeast to humans. The structure of RNA polymerase II, consisting of 10 polypeptides with a mass of about 500 kDa, has been determined at atomic resolution. On the basis of this structure, that of an actively transcribing RNA polymerase II complex has been determined as well.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Kornberg RDdoi
10.1515/BC.2001.140keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
1103-7issue
8eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315journal_volume
382pub_type
abstract::Recent progress in the identification and partial characterization of novel genes encoding cysteine proteases of the papain family has considerably increased our knowledge of this family of enzymes. Kinetic data available to date for this large family indicate relatively broad, overlapping specificities for most enzym...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.094
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the structures and dynamics of membrane proteins, highly advanced biophysical methods have been developed that often require significant resources, both for sample preparation and experimental analyses. For very complex systems, such as membrane transporters, ion channels or G-protein coupled receptors (G...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0473
更新日期:2019-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Upon activation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the Src family kinase Lyn phosphorylate tyrosines of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of Igα and Igβ which further serve as binding sites for the SH2 domains of these kinases. Using a synthetic biology a...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0308
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Rhomboids are ubiquitous intramembrane serine proteases that cleave transmembrane substrates. Their functions include growth factor signaling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and parasite invasion. A recent study revealed that the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease EcGlpG is essential for its extraintestinal pathogenic col...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0255
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we discuss how time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to understand how GTP hydrolysis is catalyzed by small GTPases and their cognate GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). By interaction with small GTPases, GAPs regulate important signal transduction pathways and transport m...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0219
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oncogenic transformation is dependent on activated membrane-associated NADPH oxidase (NOX). However, the resultant extracellular superoxide anions are also driving the NO/peroxynitrite and the HOCl pathway, which eliminates NOX-expressing transformed cells through selective apoptosis induction. Tumor progression is de...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0234
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of N-glycosidic linkages of glycoproteins involves the ordered assembly of the common Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 core-oligosaccharide on the lipid carrier dolichyl pyrophosphate. Whereas early mannosylation steps occur on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum with GDP-Man as donor, the final reactions f...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.039
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of the GPI-anchored ectoenzyme aminopeptidase P (APP) is still elusive. Most researchers suppose that this enzyme inactivates biologically active peptides like bradykinin, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and others (Vanhoof et al., 1995). We demonstrate by immunohistology with a specific antibod...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.6.705
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of green tea is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular mortality. The beneficial health effects of green tea are attributed in part to polyphenols, organic compounds found in tea that lower blood pressure, reduce body fat, decrease LDL cholesterol, and inhibit inflammation. We hypothesized that epiga...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.095
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB-3) is a plus-strand RNA virus that is believed to be the most common causal agent of viral myocarditis. Since no specific treatment for CVB-3 infections is available to date, we and others have recently started to develop RNA interference (RNAi) approaches to prevent virus propagation. Here we d...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2005.100
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a method that allows preparing long DNA containing defined mismatches without the use of gel electrophoretic or chromatographic purification steps. The preparation starts with the synthesis of two PCR products, which are identical except for those positions that will later form the mismatches. One of the PC...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.166
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major enzymatic activity of the ribosome is the catalysis of peptide bond formation. The active site -- the peptidyl transferase center -- is composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and interactions between rRNA and the reactants, peptidyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA, are crucial for the reaction to proceed rapidly and effi...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2007.077
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, impaired trophoblast invasion and excessive fibrin deposition in the placental intervillous space is associated with fetal compromise. However, little information is available whether modulation of placental protease expression--p...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.123
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are lectins combining properties of cytokines and growth factors. Human CLPs include YKL-40, YKL-39 and SI-CLP that are secreted by cancer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes and other cells. The best investigated CLP in cancer is YKL-40. Serum and plasma levels o...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0269
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are important downstream targets of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and crucial regulators of cell fate. This function of FoxOs relies on their ability to control diverse cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, defense against oxid...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.033
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has various functions in immune cell biology, regulating survival, proliferation, and, most prominently, migration. S1P couples to five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) to transduce its effects on immune cell function. Expression of S1PR4 is restricted to immune cell...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0271
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a historical account of the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation. The process was uncovered in the mid-1950s in a study designed to elucidate the complex hormonal regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme was originally thought to be regulated by AMP now known t...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.011
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The p53 tumour suppressor gene is frequently mutated in human tumours and different tumour-derived mutations have varying effects on cells. The effect of a novel tumour-derived p53 mutation and two recently described mutations from South African breast cancer patients on the growth rate, colony formation, cell cycle a...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.010
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrosative stress results from an increase in reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the cell. Though the RNS - nitric oxide (·NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) - play pivotal physiological roles, at elevated concentrations, these moieties can be poisonous to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike due to their capac...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0152
更新日期:2017-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent signaling contributes to liver cell proliferation, as well as to apoptotic liver cell death, and represents an important regulator of hepatic regeneration. This article summarizes recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in EGF...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.106
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invadolysin is a novel metalloprotease conserved amongst metazoans that is essential for life in Drosophila. We previously showed that invadolysin was essential for the cell cycle and cell migration, linking to metabolism through a role in lipid storage and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. In this study we dem...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0226
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart contains seven binding sites for ATP or ADP and three additional for ADP only, as concluded from competition equilibrium dialysis binding studies. The isolated enzyme contains bound cholate which, in contrast to bound ATP, is only slowly exchanged by ADP (or ATP). The kinetics of...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.3.335
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TNF family molecule RANKL and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, lymph node formation, and mammary gland development during pregnancy. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous systems (CNS). However, the functional relevance of RANKL/RANK in the brain was entirely unknown. Rec...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.149
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few therapeutic options are offered to treat inflammation and alveolar wall destruction in emphysema. The effect of recombinant human pre-elafin, an elastase inhibitor, was evaluated in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema in C57BL/6 mice. In a first protocol, mice received a single instillation of pre-...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.114
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of cellular redox control is pivotal for normal cellular functions and cell fate decisions including cell death. Among the key cellular redox systems in mammals, the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family of proteins is the largest conferring multifaceted functions and affecting virtually all cellular process...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0286
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned from a chicken intestinal cDNA library Cmdr1, the first avian P-glycoprotein. Cmdr1 is 67% and 69% identical to proteins encoded by the human MDR1 and MDR2 genes, respectively. Functional expression of Cmdr1 in both mouse NIH 3T3 and yeast cells demonstrated that Cmdr1 represents the avian ortholog of h...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.031
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that human melanoma cells, but not benign melanocytes, aberrantly express kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7). Here, we show a KLK7 overexpression-mediated decrease of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix binding proteins, associated with downregulation of α5/β1/αv/β3 integrin expression. We al...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0339
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0268
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meprins are zinc-endopeptidases of the astacin family, which are expressed as membrane-bound or secreted forms in renal and intestinal brush-border membranes of mouse, rat and man. There are two types of meprin subunits, alpha and beta, which form disulfide-bonded homo- and heterodimers; further oligomerization is med...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.092
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signal recognition particle (SRP), a ubiquitous cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particle, plays an essential role in promoting co-translational translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we summarise recent progress made in the understanding of two essential SRP functions: the signal recognition...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.021
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00