Ordered upwind methods for static Hamilton-Jacobi equations.

abstract：:Cell type in Saccharomyces yeasts is regulated by two transposable blocks of DNA, the a and alpha cassettes. There are three loci where either cassette can exist. At the HML and HMR loci the cassettes are not expressed. The cassette at the MAT locus is expressed and controls the cell type. Changes of cell type involve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strathern JN,Spatola E,McGill C,Hicks JB

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Dongen EV,Takashima A,Barth M,Zapp J,Schad LR,Paller KA,Fernández G

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Analogy-the ability to find and apply deep structural patterns across domains-has been fundamental to human innovation in science and technology. Today there is a growing opportunity to accelerate innovation by moving analogy out of a single person's mind and distributing it across many information processors, both hu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kittur A,Yu L,Hope T,Chan J,Lifshitz-Assaf H,Gilon K,Ng F,Kraut RE,Shahaf D

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs), which mediate chemo-electric signal transduction in animals, have been recently found in bacteria. Despite clear sequence and 3D structure homology, the phylogenetic distance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs suggests significant structural divergences, especial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duret G,Van Renterghem C,Weng Y,Prevost M,Moraga-Cid G,Huon C,Sonner JM,Corringer PJ

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of alpha-chiral amines bearing two alkyl groups has been hampered by the accessibility and stability of the alkylimine precursor. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to generate the alkyl-substituted imine in situ that is compatible with the Me-DuPHOS monoxide.Cu(I) catalyzed addition of diorganozinc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Côté A,Boezio AA,Charette AB

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, GA 907/7, was isolated after mutagen treatment of avian myeloblastosis virus. When bone marrow cells or secondary yolk sac macrophages were infected with GA 907/7, the expression of transformation was greatly reduced at 41 degrees C. The results of temperature-shift experiments sug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moscovici MG,Moscovici C

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) causes growth arrest in most cell types. TGF-beta induces hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma susceptibility gene 1 product (RB), which sequesters E2F factors needed for progression into S phase of the cell cycle, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest at G1. It is possible, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li JM,Hu PP,Shen X,Yu Y,Wang XF

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The exquisite selectivity and catalytic activity of enzymes have been shaped by the effects of positive and negative selection pressure during the course of evolution. In contrast, enzyme variants engineered by using in vitro screening techniques to accept novel substrates typically display a higher degree of catalyti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Varadarajan N,Gam J,Olsen MJ,Georgiou G,Iverson BL

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) affect many cell functions, the molecular mechanisms of TNF and IL-1 action are not understood. Our present study shows that exposure of human FS-4 fibroblasts to TNF or IL-1 caused a rapid accumulation of intracellular cAMP and an increase in protein kinas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang YH,Lin JX,Yip YK,Vilcek J

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sonicated rabbit-liver chromatin is fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on ECTHAM-cellulose, a weakly cationic adsorbent. The chromatographic procedure provides a series of fractions having a spectrum of thermal denaturation profiles. The earliest-eluting fractions melt cooperatively at a significantly higher ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeck GR,Simpson RT,Sober HA

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A revelation of the genomic age has been the contributions of the mobile DNA segments called transposable elements to chromosome structure, function, and evolution in virtually all organisms. Substantial fractions of vertebrate genomes derive from transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitra R,Li X,Kapusta A,Mayhew D,Mitra RD,Feschotte C,Craig NL

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Subtractive library construction and differential screening were used to identify a cDNA for a cell type-specific immediate early gene induced in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Sequencing identified the protein product of this gene as rat synaptotagmin IV (SytIV). Synaptotagmins are synaptic vesicle proteins thought...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vician L,Lim IK,Ferguson G,Tocco G,Baudry M,Herschman HR

更新日期：1995-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial proteins often localize to distinct sites within the cell, but the primary cues that dictate localization are largely unknown. Recent evidence has shown that positive membrane curvature can serve as a cue for localization of a peripheral membrane protein. Here we report that localization of the peripheral me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramamurthi KS,Losick R

更新日期：2009-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Various biological processes exhibit characteristics that vary dramatically in response to different input conditions or changes in the history of the process itself. One of the examples studied here, the Ras-PKC-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) bistable pathway, follows two distinct dynamics (modes) depending ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbano PE,Spivak M,Feng J,Antoniotti M,Mishra B

更新日期：2005-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously it was shown that yeast ADA2 protein is necessary for the full activity of some activation domains, such as VP16 and GCN4, in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that ADA2 protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator or adaptor that bridges the interaction between certain acidic activation domain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silverman N,Agapite J,Guarente L

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) is a devastating and currently untreatable neurodegenerative condition that leads to loss of photoreceptor cells and blindness. The vast genetic heterogeneity of RD, the lack of "druggable" targets, and the access-limiting blood-retinal barrier (BRB) present major hurdles toward eff...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vighi E,Trifunović D,Veiga-Crespo P,Rentsch A,Hoffmann D,Sahaboglu A,Strasser T,Kulkarni M,Bertolotti E,van den Heuvel A,Peters T,Reijerkerk A,Euler T,Ueffing M,Schwede F,Genieser HG,Gaillard P,Marigo V,Ekström P,Pa

更新日期：2018-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid (AA) has recently been shown to influence various cellular functions in the central nervous system. Here we report that AA increases, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]glucose ([3H]2DG) uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes prepared from the cerebral cortex of neonatal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu N,Martin JL,Stella N,Magistretti PJ

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior studies have identified a subset of dendritic cells in human blood, as well as their stimulatory function for T-cell-mediated immune responses. However research has been limited by difficulties in isolation, since dendritic cells make up only 0.1-1% of blood mononuclear cells. We present a protocol that reliably...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Freudenthal PS,Steinman RM

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A molecular dynamics study was performed to compare the differences in the active-site dynamics of the wild-type and W137F mutant enzymes of 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase. Only in the wild-type simulation are conformations formed between the catalytic Asp-145 and 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA, which resemble the ab initio ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau EY,Bruice TC

更新日期：2001-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:To facilitate genetic analysis of the human pathogenic parvovirus B19, we constructed a hybrid B19 viral genome in which the defective B19 inverted terminal repeats were replaced with the full-length inverted terminal repeats from a nonpathogenic human parvovirus, the adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV). The hybrid AAV-B19...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Srivastava CH,Samulski RJ,Lu L,Larsen SH,Srivastava A

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inward Na+ current underlying the action potential in nerve is terminated by inactivation. The preceding report shows that deletions within the intracellular linker between domains III and IV remove inactivation, but mutation of conserved basic and paired acidic amino acids has little effect. Here we show that sub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： West JW,Patton DE,Scheuer T,Wang Y,Goldin AL,Catterall WA

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The high resolution 1H and 31P NMR spectra of the (dG-dC)8 duplex have been recorded in low- and high-salt solutions in order to evaluate the structural aspects of the salt-induced transition of oligo(dG-dC) in solution [Pohl, F. M. & Jovin, T. M. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 67, 375-396]. The NMR data require that the (dG-d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel DJ,Canuel LL,Pohl FM

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuous and intensive exploitation of wildlife resources by early agricultural societies had major ecological consequences in the ancient Near East. In particular, hunting strategies of post-Neolithic societies involving the mass killing of wild ungulates contributed to the eventual extirpation of a number of wild ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bar-Oz G,Zeder M,Hole F

更新日期：2011-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In monocots, many genes demonstrate a significant negative GC gradient, meaning that the GC content declines along the orientation of transcription. Such a gradient is not observed in the genes of the dicot plant Arabidopsis. In addition, a lack of homology is often observed when comparing the 5' end of the coding reg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang N,Ferguson AA,Slotkin RK,Lisch D

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The species-area relationship (SAR) gives a quantitative description of the increasing number of species in a community with increasing area of habitat. In conservation, SARs have been used to predict the number of extinctions when the area of habitat is reduced. Such predictions are most needed for landscapes rather ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hanski I,Zurita GA,Bellocq MI,Rybicki J

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Spermatogonia are the male germ stem cells that continuously produce sperm for the next generation. Spermatogenesis is a complicated process that proceeds through mitotic phase of stem cell renewal and differentiation, meiotic phase, and postmeiotic phase of spermiogenesis. Full recapitulation of spermatogenesis in vi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hong Y,Liu T,Zhao H,Xu H,Wang W,Liu R,Chen T,Deng J,Gui J

更新日期：2004-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic, relapsing myelitis has been induced in golden Syrian hamsters by the intracerebral inoculation of measles virus when the animals were less than 1 day old. No acute illness was seen in animals that developed myelitis, and the onset of the myelitis was at 5 to 50 weeks after infection. In most animals the illne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carrigan DR,Johnson KP

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of phospholipase C regulation by inhibitory receptors was analyzed both in intact and in permeabilized rat thyroid cells (FRTL5). In this system, the muscarinic agonist carbachol inhibited phospholipase C, as indicated by the decrease in the basal levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as well as by the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bizzarri C,Di Girolamo M,D'Orazio MC,Corda D

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the traditional Z scheme of photosynthesis the Emerson effects of red drop (decline in yield of photosynthesis in far-red light) and enhancement (of far-red yield by supplementary short-wavelength light) are taken to be evidence for the coupling in series of two photosystems that absorb unsymmetrically in the far-r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Warner JW,Berry RS

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator for antioxidant and anti-inflammation enzymes that binds to its endogenous inhibitor protein, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1, in the cytoplasm under normal conditions. Various e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim SB,Pandita RK,Eskiocak U,Ly P,Kaisani A,Kumar R,Cornelius C,Wright WE,Pandita TK,Shay JW

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00