Perennial N2 supersaturation in an Antarctic lake.

abstract：:Quantum mechanical experiments in ring geometries have long fascinated physicists. Open rings connected to leads, for example, allow the observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, one of the best examples of quantum mechanical phase coherence. The phase coherence of electrons travelling through a quantum dot embedded in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fuhrer A,Lüscher S,Ihn T,Heinzel T,Ensslin K,Wegscheider W,Bichler M

更新日期：2001-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of adaptive immunity in early cancer development is controversial. Here we show that chronic inflammation and fibrosis in humans and mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is accompanied by accumulation of liver-resident immunoglobulin-A-producing (IgA+) cells. These cells also express programmed death l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shalapour S,Lin XJ,Bastian IN,Brain J,Burt AD,Aksenov AA,Vrbanac AF,Li W,Perkins A,Matsutani T,Zhong Z,Dhar D,Navas-Molina JA,Xu J,Loomba R,Downes M,Yu RT,Evans RM,Dorrestein PC,Knight R,Benner C,Anstee QM,Kar

更新日期：2017-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ras proto-oncogene is a central component of mitogenic signal-transduction pathways, and is essential for cells both to leave a quiescent state (G0) and to pass through the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. The mechanism by which Ras signalling regulates cell-cycle progression is unclear, however. Here we report ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peeper DS,Upton TM,Ladha MH,Neuman E,Zalvide J,Bernards R,DeCaprio JA,Ewen ME

更新日期：1997-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:There seems a real prospect that one of the infectious scourges of the past half century will not persist much beyond the present century, but polio will be only the second infection of human beings to be eradicated. Many more remain. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：1995-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Warming surface temperatures have driven a substantial reduction in the extent and duration of Northern Hemisphere snow cover1-3. These changes in snow cover affect Earth's climate system via the surface energy budget, and influence freshwater resources across a large proportion of the Northern Hemisphere4-6. In contr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pulliainen J,Luojus K,Derksen C,Mudryk L,Lemmetyinen J,Salminen M,Ikonen J,Takala M,Cohen J,Smolander T,Norberg J

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A putative growth hormone receptor from rabbit liver and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have the same amino-terminal amino-acid sequence, indicating that the binding protein corresponds to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the liver receptor. The complete amino-acid sequences derived fr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leung DW,Spencer SA,Cachianes G,Hammonds RG,Collins C,Henzel WJ,Barnard R,Waters MJ,Wood WI

更新日期：1987-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-volcanic tremor is a weak, extended duration seismic signal observed episodically on some major faults, often in conjunction with slow slip events. Such tremor may hold the key to understanding fundamental processes at the deep roots of faults, and could signal times of accelerated slip and hence increased seismic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shelly DR,Beroza GC,Ide S

更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest with an extensive host plant range and an extreme record of pesticide resistance. Here we present the completely sequenced and annotated spider mite genome, representing the first complete chelicerate genome. At 90 megabases T. urticae has the sma...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grbić M,Van Leeuwen T,Clark RM,Rombauts S,Rouzé P,Grbić V,Osborne EJ,Dermauw W,Ngoc PC,Ortego F,Hernández-Crespo P,Diaz I,Martinez M,Navajas M,Sucena É,Magalhães S,Nagy L,Pace RM,Djuranović S,Smagghe G,Iga M,Chr

更新日期：2011-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The mobilization of aluminium from acidic forest soils is arguably the most ecologically important consequence of acid deposition in the environment because of its adverse effects on soils, forest vegetation and surface water. Here we show that there has been a significant decline in the concentrations of aluminium sp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Palmer SM,Driscoll CT

更新日期：2002-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution, accumulation and circulation of oxygen and hydrogen in Earth's interior dictate the geochemical evolution of the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The oxygen-rich atmosphere and iron-rich core represent two end-members of the oxygen-iron (O-Fe) system, overlapping with the entire pressure-temper...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hu Q,Kim DY,Yang W,Yang L,Meng Y,Zhang L,Mao HK

更新日期：2016-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of a visual pigment molecule to initiate phototransduction requires a minimum energy, Ea, that need not be wholly derived from a photon, but may be supplemented by heat. Theory predicts that absorbance at very long wavelengths declines with the fraction of molecules that have a sufficient complement of ther...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koskelainen A,Ala-Laurila P,Fyhrquist N,Donner K

更新日期：2000-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells persist indefinitely in epithelial barrier tissues and protect the host against pathogens. However, the biological pathways that enable the long-term survival of TRM cells are obscure. Here we show that mouse CD8+ TRM cells generated by viral infection of the skin differentially ex...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pan Y,Tian T,Park CO,Lofftus SY,Mei S,Liu X,Luo C,O'Malley JT,Gehad A,Teague JE,Divito SJ,Fuhlbrigge R,Puigserver P,Krueger JG,Hotamisligil GS,Clark RA,Kupper TS

更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from the electroplax of the ray Torpedo californica is composed of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta (refs 1-3) and contains both the binding site for the neurotransmitter and the cation gating unit (reviewed in refs 4-6). We have rec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Noda M,Takahashi H,Tanabe T,Toyosato M,Kikyotani S,Furutani Y,Hirose T,Takashima H,Inayama S,Miyata T,Numa S

更新日期：1983-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Through their functional diversification, distinct lineages of CD4(+) T cells can act to either drive or constrain immune-mediated pathology. Transcription factors are critical in the generation of cellular diversity, and negative regulators antagonistic to alternate fates often act in conjunction with positive regula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Roychoudhuri R,Hirahara K,Mousavi K,Clever D,Klebanoff CA,Bonelli M,Sciumè G,Zare H,Vahedi G,Dema B,Yu Z,Liu H,Takahashi H,Rao M,Muranski P,Crompton JG,Punkosdy G,Bedognetti D,Wang E,Hoffmann V,Rivera J,Marincol

更新日期：2013-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of the rapid compensatory growth seen in the remaining adrenal gland of rats following unilateral adrenalectomy is poorly understood. The role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is obscure as immunoneutralization of circulating ACTH does not affect the observed compensatory growth or hyperplasia. This fi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lowry PJ,Silas L,McLean C,Linton EA,Estivariz FE

更新日期：1983-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Earthquakes radiate from slip on discrete faults, but also commonly involve distributed deformation within a broader fault zone, especially near the surface. Variations in rock strain during an earthquake are caused by heterogeneity in the elastic stress before the earthquake, by variable material properties and geome...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fielding EJ,Lundgren PR,Bürgmann R,Funning GJ

更新日期：2009-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Transport of calcium ions across membranes and against a thermodynamic gradient is essential to many biological processes, including muscle contraction, the citric acid cycle, glycogen metabolism, release of neurotransmitters, vision, biological signal transduction and immune response. Synthetic systems that transport...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bennett IM,Farfano HM,Bogani F,Primak A,Liddell PA,Otero L,Sereno L,Silber JJ,Moore AL,Moore TA,Gust D

更新日期：2002-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In the era of precision cosmology, it is essential to determine the Hubble constant empirically with an accuracy of one per cent or better1. At present, the uncertainty on this constant is dominated by the uncertainty in the calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relationship2,3 (also known as the Leavitt law). ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pietrzyński G,Graczyk D,Gallenne A,Gieren W,Thompson IB,Pilecki B,Karczmarek P,Górski M,Suchomska K,Taormina M,Zgirski B,Wielgórski P,Kołaczkowski Z,Konorski P,Villanova S,Nardetto N,Kervella P,Bresolin F,Kudritzki RP

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of messenger RNA translation is central to eukaryotic gene expression control. Regulatory inputs are specified by them RNA untranslated regions (UTRs) and often target translation initiation. Initiation involves binding of the 40S ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and associated eukaryotic initiation factors (e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Archer SK,Shirokikh NE,Beilharz TH,Preiss T

更新日期：2016-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The function and nature of inhibition of neurons in the visual cortex have been the focus of both experimental and theoretical investigations. There are two ways in which inhibition can suppress synaptic excitation. In hyperpolarizing inhibition, negative and positive currents sum linearly to produce a net change in m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borg-Graham LJ,Monier C,Frégnac Y

更新日期：1998-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The midbrain region periaqueductal grey (PAG) is rich in opioid receptors and endogenous opioids and is a major target of analgesic action in the central nervous system. It has been proposed that the analgesic effect of opioids on the PAG works by suppressing the inhibitory influence of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vaughan CW,Ingram SL,Connor MA,Christie MJ

更新日期：1997-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral T cells are thought to regulate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections result in viral control, asymptomatic persistence or severe disease, although the reasons for these different outcomes remain unclear. Recent genetic evidence, however, has indicated a correlatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Waggoner SN,Cornberg M,Selin LK,Welsh RM

更新日期：2011-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Integral membrane proteins are encoded by approximately 25% of all protein-coding genes1. In eukaryotes, the majority of membrane proteins are inserted, modified and folded at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)2. Research over the past several decades has determined how membrane proteins are targeted to the ER and how ind...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chitwood PJ,Hegde RS

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An essential feature of the bacterial pathogen Salmonella spp. is its ability to enter cells that are normally non-phagocytic, such as those of the intestinal epithelium. The bacterium achieves entry by delivering effector proteins into the host-cell cytosol by means of a specialized protein-secretion system (termed t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fu Y,Galán JE

更新日期：1999-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in mapping the global distribution of malaria is motivated by a need to define populations at risk for appropriate resource allocation and to provide a robust framework for evaluating its global economic impact. Comparison of older and more recent malaria maps shows how the disease has been geographically res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snow RW,Guerra CA,Noor AM,Myint HY,Hay SI

更新日期：2005-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutants of cdc2+ can disrupt the dependency of S phase on completion of the previous mitosis. By changing the state of p34cdc2 it is possible to reprogramme a cell from entering mitosis to undergoing S phase. This leads to the proposal that the cell cycle can be considered a p34cdc2 cycle, and has implications for the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Broek D,Bartlett R,Crawford K,Nurse P

更新日期：1991-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Spin dynamics in antiferromagnets has much shorter timescales than in ferromagnets, offering attractive properties for potential applications in ultrafast devices1-3. However, spin-current generation via antiferromagnetic resonance and simultaneous electrical detection by the inverse spin Hall effect in heavy metals h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li J,Wilson CB,Cheng R,Lohmann M,Kavand M,Yuan W,Aldosary M,Agladze N,Wei P,Sherwin MS,Shi J

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In budding yeast many genes are expressed under cell-cycle control in late G1. These include a large group of DNA synthesis genes, the HO gene involved in mating-type switching, CTS1 (chitinase) and also CLN1 and CLN2 (ref. 4) encoding G1 cyclins. Two factors, encoded by the SWI4 and SWI6 genes, are required for HO (r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lowndes NF,Johnson AL,Breeden L,Johnston LH

更新日期：1992-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Networks of interacting proteins orchestrate the responses of living cells to a variety of external stimuli, but how sensitive is the functioning of these protein networks to variations in their biochemical parameters? One possibility is that to achieve appropriate function, the reaction rate constants and enzyme conc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alon U,Surette MG,Barkai N,Leibler S

更新日期：1999-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted gene disruption in the mouse shows that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene plays a critical role in patterning of vertebrate embryonic tissues, including the brain and spinal cord, the axial skeleton and the limbs. Early defects are observed in the establishment or maintenance of midline structures, such as the no...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chiang C,Litingtung Y,Lee E,Young KE,Corden JL,Westphal H,Beachy PA

更新日期：1996-10-03 00:00:00