Neurodegenerative tauopathies.

abstract：:The topographic assembly of neural circuits is dependent upon the generation of specific neuronal subtypes, each subtype displaying unique properties that direct the formation of selective connections with appropriate target cells. Studies of motor neuron development in the spinal cord have begun to elucidate the mole...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Shirasaki R,Pfaff SL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic approach, based on the study of inherited forms of deafness, has proven to be particularly effective for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the peripheral auditory system, the cochlea and its afferent auditory neurons, and how this system extracts the physical parameters of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Michalski N,Petit C

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term depression (LTD) is a lasting decrease in synaptic effectiveness that follows some types of electrical stimulation in the hippocampus. Two broad types of LTD may be distinguished. Heterosynaptic LTD can occur at synapses that are inactive, normally during high-frequency stimulation of a converging synaptic i...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Bear MF,Abraham WC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons have their own systems for regulating RNA. Several multigene families encode RNA binding proteins (RNABPs) that are uniquely expressed in neurons, including the well-known neuron-specific markers ELAV and NeuN and the disease antigen NOVA. New technologies have emerged in recent years to assess the function of...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Darnell RB

更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Human studies in the past three decades have provided us with an emerging understanding of how cortical and spinal networks collaborate to ensure the vast repertoire of human behaviors. Humans have direct cortical connections to spinal motoneurons, which bypass spinal interneurons and exert a direct (willful) muscle c...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Nielsen JB

更新日期：2016-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wnt signaling pathway regulates multiple events in development and disease in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Recently, the noncanonical Wnt signaling cascades, those that do not signal through beta-catenin, have gained prominence for their role in the regulation of cellular polarity. It is not surprising that...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Montcouquiol M,Crenshaw EB 3rd,Kelley MW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative differences are observed for most complex behavioral and pharmacological traits within any population. Both environmental and genetic influences regulate such individual differences. The mouse has proven to be a superb model in which to investigate the genetic basis for quantitative differences in complex...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Wehner JM,Radcliffe RA,Bowers BJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maturation of neuronal circuits requires selective elimination of synaptic connections. Although neuron-intrinsic mechanisms are important in this process, it is increasingly recognized that glial cells also play a critical role. Without proper functioning of these cells, the number, morphology, and function of synapt...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Wilton DK,Dissing-Olesen L,Stevens B

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how abnormalities in this process lead to neurological disease remains very superficial. In particular, the lack of experimental models for a proce...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Velasco S,Paulsen B,Arlotta P

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:With little more than 330 cells, two thirds within the sensory vesicle, the CNS of the tadpole larva of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provides us with a chordate nervous system in miniature. Neurulation, neurogenesis and its genetic bases, as well as the gene expression territories of this tiny constituency of cells...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Meinertzhagen IA,Lemaire P,Okamura Y

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteomic studies of the composition of mammalian synapses have revealed a high degree of complexity. The postsynaptic and presynaptic terminals are molecular systems with highly organized protein networks producing emergent physiological and behavioral properties. The major classes of synapse proteins and their respe...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Emes RD,Grant SG

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral endocrine output relies on either direct or feed-forward multi-order command from the hypothalamus. Efficient coding of endocrine responses is made possible by the many neuronal cell types that coexist in intercalated hypothalamic nuclei and communicate through extensive synaptic connectivity. Although gene...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Romanov RA,Alpár A,Hökfelt T,Harkany T

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is incompletely understood, the recent discovery of genes associated with rare monogenic forms of the disease, together with e...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Moore DJ,West AB,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review the modulatory effects of the catecholamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline and dopamine on prefrontal cortical function. The effects of pharmacologic manipulations of these systems, sometimes in comparison with the indoleamine serotonin (5-HT), on performance on a variety of tasks that tap working memory, a...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Robbins TW,Arnsten AF

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Why the cerebral cortex folds in some mammals but not in others has long fascinated and mystified neurobiologists. Over the past century-especially the past decade-researchers have used theory and experiment to support different folding mechanisms such as tissue buckling from mechanical stress, axon tethering, localiz...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Striedter GF,Srinivasan S,Monuki ES

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The primate retina is an exciting focus in neuroscience, where recent data from molecular genetics, adaptive optics, anatomy, and physiology, together with measures of human visual performance, are converging to provide new insights into the retinal origins of color vision. Trichromatic color vision begins when the im...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Dacey DM

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medications, psychotherapy, and other treatments are effective for many patients with psychiatric disorders. However, with currently available interventions, a substantial number of patients experience incomplete resolution of symptoms, and relapse rates are high. In the search for better treatments, increasing intere...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Holtzheimer PE,Mayberg HS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to embodied cognition theories, higher cognitive abilities depend on the reenactment of sensory and motor representations. In the first part of this review, we critically analyze the central claims of embodied theories and argue that the existing behavioral and neuroimaging data do not allow investigators to...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Caramazza A,Anzellotti S,Strnad L,Lingnau A

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists in many different fields have been attracted to the study of habits because of the power habits have over behavior and because they invoke a dichotomy between the conscious, voluntary control over behavior, considered the essence of higher-order deliberative behavioral control, and lower-order behavioral co...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Graybiel AM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Odor signals received by odorant receptors (ORs) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) are represented as an odor map in the olfactory bulb (OB). In the mouse, there are ~1,000 different OR species, and each OSN expresses only one functional OR gene in a monoallelic manner. Fur...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Mori K,Sakano H

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) requires the proper formation of exquisitely precise circuits to function correctly. These neuronal circuits are assembled during development by the formation of synaptic connections between thousands of differentiating neurons. Proper synapse formation during childhood provi...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： McAllister AK

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, astrocytes are as numerous as neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between astrocyte...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Kofuji P,Araque A

更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational and engineering work corroborate the power of learning through the directed adjustment of connection weights. Here we review the fundamental elements...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Magee JC,Grienberger C

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The neocortex is found only in mammals, and the fossil record is silent on how this soft tissue evolved. Understanding neocortex evolution thus devolves to a search for candidate homologous neocortex traits in the extant nonmammalian amniotes. The difficulty is that homology is based on similarity, and the six-layered...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Dugas-Ford J,Ragsdale CW

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendrites of neurons in the central nervous system are the principal sites for excitatory synaptic input. Although little is known about their function, two disparate perspectives have arisen to describe the activity patterns inherent to these diverse tree-like structures. Dendrites are thus considered either passive ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Johnston D,Magee JC,Colbert CM,Cristie BR

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of distinct classes of neurons at defined positions within the developing vertebrate nervous system depends on inductive signals provided by local cell groups that act as organizing centers. Genetic and embryological studies have begun to elucidate the processes that control the pattern and identity of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Lee KJ,Jessell TM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural network modeling is often concerned with stimulus-driven responses, but most of the activity in the brain is internally generated. Here, we review network models of internally generated activity, focusing on three types of network dynamics: (a) sustained responses to transient stimuli, which provide a model of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Vogels TP,Rajan K,Abbott LF

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs). In the late embryonic and early postnatal period, these cells respond to inducing factors found in the brain environment by adopting a set of defined characteristics, including high-electrical-resistance tight junctions. Although the f...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Rubin LL,Staddon JM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spatial normalization--applying standardized coordinates as anatomical addresses within a reference space--was introduced to human neuroimaging research nearly 30 years ago. Over these three decades, an impressive series of methodological advances have adopted, extended, and popularized this standard. Collectively, th...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Fox PT,Lancaster JL,Laird AR,Eickhoff SB

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation and sequencing of a number of G protein-coupled receptors has now provided extensive primary structure information for this family of homologous proteins. The diverse nature of these receptors suggests that the family of proteins may grow to include receptors for many neurotransmitters and perhaps many p...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： O'Dowd BF,Lefkowitz RJ,Caron MG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00