Abstract：
:The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily has profound effects on many aspects of animal development. In the last decade, our laboratory and others have performed in vivo functional studies on multiple components of the TGF-beta superfamily signal transduction pathway, including upstream ligands, transmembrane receptors, receptor-associated proteins and downstream Smad proteins. We have taken gene knockout approaches to generate null alleles of the genes of interest, as well as a gene knockin approach to replace the mature region of one TGF-beta superfamily ligand with another. We found that activin betaB, expressed in the spatiotemporal pattern of activin betaA, can function as a hypomorphic allele of activin betaA and rescue the craniofacial defects and neonatal lethal phenotype of activin betaA-deficient mice. With the knockout approach, we have shown that the expression pattern of a component in the TGF-beta superfamily signal transduction cascade does not necessarily predict its in vivo function. Two liver-specific activins, activin betaC and activin betaE are dispensable for liver development, regeneration and function, whereas ubiquitously expressed Smad5 has specific roles in the development of multiple embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Chang H,Lau AL,Matzuk MMdoi
10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00513-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-30 00:00:00pages
39-46issue
1-2eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
S0303-7207(01)00513-5journal_volume
180pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The recent growth of interest in developmental programming of physiological systems has generally focused on the cardiovascular system (especially hypertension) and predisposition to metabolic dysfunction (mainly obesity and diabetes). However, it is now clear that the full range of altered offspring phenotypes includ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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