Abstract:
:This review focuses on the maturation of brain white-matter, as revealed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging carried out in healthy subjects. The review begins with a brief description of the nature of the MR signal and its possible biological underpinnings, and proceeds with a description of MR findings obtained in newborns, infants, children and adolescents. On MR images, a significant decrease in water content leads to a decrease of longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and transverse relaxation times (T2) and consequent "adult-like" appearance of T1-weighted and T2-weighted images becomes evident towards the end of the first year of life. Owing to the onset of myelination and the related increase of lipid content, MR images gradually acquire an exquisite grey-white matter contrast in a temporal sequence reflecting the time course of myelination. Albeit less pronounced, age-related changes in white matter continue during childhood and adolescence; white matter increases its overall volume and becomes more myelinated in a region-specific fashion. Detection of more subtle changes during this "late" phase of brain development is greatly aided by computational analyses of MR images. The review also briefly outlines future directions, including the use of novel MR techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer, as well as the suggestion for the concurrent use of experimental behavioral test-batteries, with structural MR imaging, to study developmental changes in structure-function relationships.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Paus T,Collins DL,Evans AC,Leonard G,Pike B,Zijdenbos Adoi
10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00434-2keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-01 00:00:00pages
255-66issue
3eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(00)00434-2journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Chronic unit activity and gross movement were recorded from rats during two discrimination reversals in a classical appetitive conditioning situation. The anticipatory movement decreased in response to the former CS+ tone and increased to the previous CS- tone after each reversal. Hippocampus and motor cortex were dif...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(78)90003-5
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the direct actions of neurotropin (NSP, a nonproteinaceous extract from inflamed skin of rabbits which is in therapeutic use), intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in slices of guinea pig brain. In the VMH, NSP...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(92)90144-m
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tac4 gene-derived hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is present in pain-related regions and activates the tachykinin NK1 receptor, but with binding site and signaling pathways different from Substance P (SP). NK1 receptor is involved in nociception, but our earlier data showed that it has no role in chronic neuropathic hyperalges...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.015
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(89)90094-4
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00016-1
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00238-4
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(88)90108-6
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors exert a sustained influence on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Adolescent social isolation is regarded as a typical paradigm for SCZ. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, adolescent Sprague-Dawle...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.013
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(87)90158-4
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.10.061
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(92)90045-y
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.12.010
更新日期:2010-04-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.010
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.08.003
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.08.015
更新日期:2012-02-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(81)80050-0
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.03.001
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.07.011
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.11.014
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(91)90286-s
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(84)90095-9
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(83)90040-0
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.08.004
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90099-7
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three sets of experiments have been conducted that suggest that adrenal glucocorticoids play a role in the long-term control of intake and in dietary preferences. First, obesity is dependent upon glucocorticoid-modulated metabolic pathways. Surgical or pharmacological manipulations in obese animals that eliminate or d...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(91)90136-8
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain serotoninergic (5HTergic) system of epileptic subjects can influence their vulnerability to stress. We studied the putative dependency of 5HT neurotransmission parameters on emotional stress, and the presence, types and severity of seizures using rats with genetic generalized (absence and/or audiogenic) epil...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.03.008
更新日期:2006-05-31 00:00:00