Abstract:
:It has recently been shown that the three metazoan superphyla that are recognized on the basis of 18S rDNA phylogenies--ecdysozoans, lophotrochozoans, and deuterostomes--each have characteristic Hox genes. This observation has been taken further, and these "signature" Hox genes have been looked for in taxa of uncertain affinity such as the mesozoa, in order to link them to one of the three superphyla. Here I point out that, in the absence of an out-group, these so-called signature Hox genes are unpolarized characters and, as such, should not be used in this cladistic sense to determine phylogeny. Taking the example of the mesozoans, which have the Lox5 gene in common with the lophotrochozoans, I show that it is possible to polarize this character using paralogous Hox genes as proxy out-groups; however, due to the impossibility of reliable alignment outside the homeobox, only two residues of the Lox5 peptide are susceptible to this method. With this in mind, I find slim evidence for an association between mesozoans and lophotrochozoans. I demonstrate that the lophotrochozoan genes Lox2 and Lox4 would provide many more reliable residues that are truly indicative of lophotrochozoan affinity. Finally, I point out the potential problems in using unpolarized signatures to address the question of the position of the acoel flatworms.
journal_name
Evol Devjournal_title
Evolution & developmentauthors
Telford MJdoi
10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00075.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-01 00:00:00pages
360-4issue
6eissn
1520-541Xissn
1525-142Xjournal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The astounding variety of angiosperm flower morphologies has evolved in response to many selective forces. Flower development is highly coordinated and involves developmental associations between size and shape, ontogenetic allometry, which in turn affect the morphology of mature flowers. Although ontogenetic allometr...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12246
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterochrony is an important mechanism in the evolution of amphibians. Although studies have centered on the relationship between size and shape and the rates of development, ossification sequence heterochrony also may have been important. Rigorous, phylogenetic methods for assessing sequence heterochrony are relative...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12043
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing evidence for a role of developmental plasticity in evolution offers exciting prospects for testing interactions between ecological and developmental genetic processes. Recent advances with the model organism Pristionchus pacificus have provided inroads to a mechanistic understanding of a developmental p...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12030
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal development is the product of distinct components and interactions-genes, regulatory networks, and cells-and it exhibits emergent properties that cannot be inferred from the components in isolation. Often the focus is on the genotype-to-phenotype map, overlooking the process of development that turns one into t...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12187
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of floral organ identity was investigated using a forward genetic approach in five floral homeotic mutants of Thalictrum, a noncore eudicot. We hypothesized that these mutants carry defects in the floral patterning genes. Mutant characterization comprised comparative floral morphology and organ identity...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12357
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The N-terminal region of human HOXA13 has seven discrete polyalanine tracts. Our previous analysis of these tracts in multiple major vertebrate clades suggested that three are mammal-specific. We now report the N-terminal HOXA13 repetitive tract structures in the monotreme Tachyglossus aculeatus (echidna). Contrary to...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00254.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Onthophagus taurus is a polyphenic beetle in which males express alternative major (horned) and minor (hornless) morphologies largely dependent on larval nutrition. O. taurus was originally limited to a Turanic-European-Mediterranean distribution, but became introduced to several exotic regions in the late 1960s. Usin...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00224.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whey acidic protein (WAP) belongs to a family of four disulfide core (4-DSC) proteins rich in cysteine residues and is the principal whey protein found in milk of a number of mammalian species. Eutherian WAPs have two 4-DSC domains, whereas marsupial WAPs are characterized by the presence of an additional domain at th...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00343.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila sex comb (SC) has been hailed as a powerful tool for integrative studies in development, evolution, and behavior, but its ontogeny is poorly understood, even in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Using 4D live imaging and other techniques, we carried out a detailed analysis of the cellular even...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00319.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::How do proteins evolve while maintaining their function? Previous studies find a highly stringent structure/function relationship between the Drosophila melanogaster testis-specific tubulin beta2 and the spermtail axoneme, such that small changes in the beta2 protein render it unable to generate a motile axoneme. This...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05072.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeobox transcription factors are commonly involved in developmental regulation in diverse eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi. The origin of novel homeobox genes is thought to have contributed to many evolutionary innovations in animals. We perform a molecular phylogenetic analysis of cnox2, the best st...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03041.x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proximo-distal axis of the arthropod leg is patterned by mutually antagonistic developmental expression domains of the genes extradenticle, homothorax, dachshund, and Distal-less. In the deutocerebral appendages (the antennae) of insects and crustaceans, the expression domain of dachshund is frequently either abse...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12005
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ossification sequence of Myiopsitta monachus was determined. Myiopsitta has a similar sequence to other altricial birds, with delayed skeletons compared to precocial species. The hindlimbs ossify before the forelimbs, a condition that could be linked to altriciality. To determine the stability of the sequences of ...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12211
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The way in which novelties that lead to macroevolutionary events originate is a major question in evolutionary biology, and one that can be addressed using the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) as a model system. It is exceptional among amphibians in displaying intraspecific diversity of reproductive strategies....
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00141.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pax family genes encode a class of transcription factors that regulate various developmental processes. To shed light on the evolutionary history of these genes in Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda), we analyzed the Pax repertoire in the embryonic and adult transcriptomes of the onychophoran Euperip...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12110
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In termites, the capacity of workers to differentiate into neotenic reproductives is an important characteristic that deserves particular attention. To gain insight into the differentiation pathway, the potentialities of workers and the endocrinal changes during the formation of neotenics were compared in two sympatri...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00464.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The highly specialized cephalopod cardiovascular system has long been considered a valuable model for understanding the evolution of circulatory systems. Despite the number of studies devoted to this topic, the developmental regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we focus on the vascular endothelial gr...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00388.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geophilomorph centipedes exhibit a number of unique characteristics that make them of particular developmental and evolutionary interest. Segment numbers in geophilomorphs are higher than in any other centipedes, ranging from 27 to 191. They may be constant within a species, presenting in extreme form the "counting" p...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04016.x
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of coordinated morphological change over time results from the interconnectedness of evolution and development. The modular architecture of development results in varying degrees of integration and independence among parts of the phenotype, and facilitates the production of phenotypic variation in compl...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00453.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The venom-injecting forcipules of centipedes represent an evolutionary novelty that appeared in the centipede stem lineage more than 400 Ma. No other lineage of arthropods (or indeed of animals) has evolved claws for injecting venom from a pair of walking legs. However, little is known of the development, ultrastructu...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00527.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Living archosaurs (crocodiles and birds) represent an intriguing evo-devo model system. Although close in phylogenetic relationship, the two lineages show considerable divergence in trends of phenotypic evolution. The head anatomy of recent crocodilians has changed little in comparison with that of their crocodylomorp...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00352.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of the coeloms is described in an echinoid with an abbreviated larval development and shows the early morphogenesis of the coeloms of the adult stage. The development is described from images obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The development in Heliocidaris erythrogramma is asymmetric wit...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00492.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many respects, reptile hatchlings are fully functional, albeit miniature, adults. This means that the adult morphology must emerge during embryonic development. This insight emphasizes the connection between the mechanisms that generate phenotypic variation during embryonic development and the action of selection o...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12221
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apical organs are a well-known structure in almost all ciliated eumetazoan larvae, although their function is poorly known. A review of the literature indicates that this small ganglion is the "brain" of the early larva, and it seems probable that it represents the brain of the ancestral, holopelagic ancestor of all e...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05051.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Termites (Blattodea, Termitoidea, or Isoptera) constitute one of the major lineages of eusocial insects. In termite societies, multiple types of functional individuals, that is, castes, perform divisions of labors to coordinate social behaviors. Among other castes, the soldier caste is distinctive since it is sterile ...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/ede.12335
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phylogenetic positions of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians have been difficult to establish. Data matrices based primarily on Paleozoic taxa support a monophyletic origin of all Lissamphibia but have resulted in widely divergent hypotheses of the nature of their common ancestor. Analysis that concentrates on the...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03038.x
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ongoing challenge to evolutionary developmental biology is to understand how developmental evolution on the level of populations and closely related species relates to macroevolutionary transformations and the origin of morphological novelties. Here we explore the developmental basis of beetle horns, a morphologica...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05020.x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::orthodenticle (otd) genes are found throughout the animal kingdom and encode well-studied homeodomain transcription factors that share conserved functions in cephalization, head segmentation, brain patterning, and the differentiation of photoreceptors. Otd proteins have been proposed as ancestral key players in anteri...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00283.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stinging cells called cnidocytes are a defining trait of the cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and their relatives). In hydrozoan cnidarians such as Hydra, cnidocytes develop from interstitial stem cells set aside in the ectoderm. It is less clear how cnidocytes develop outside the Hydrozoa, as other cnidar...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ede.12278
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sex determination pathway is different between Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori in the initial signal. Here we show evidence that the sex determination pathway in B. mori is similar to that of D. melanogaster at the level of the terminal regulator, doublesex (dsx), which is essential for the proper differen...
journal_title:Evolution & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05007.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00