Cranial design and function in a large theropod dinosaur.

Abstract:

:Finite element analysis (FEA) is used by industrial designers and biomechanicists to estimate the performance of engineered structures or human skeletal and soft tissues subjected to varying regimes of stress and strain. FEA is rarely applied to problems of biomechanical design in animals, despite its potential to inform structure-function analysis. Non-invasive techniques such as computed tomography scans can be used to generate accurate three-dimensional images of structures, such as skulls, which can form the basis of an accurate finite element model. Here we have applied this technique to the long skull of the large carnivorous theropod dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis. We have generated the most geometrically complete and complex FEA model of the skull of any extinct or extant organism and used this to test its mechanical properties and examine, in a quantitative way, long-held hypotheses concerning overall shape and function. The combination of a weak muscle-driven bite force, a very 'light' and 'open' skull architecture and unusually high cranial strength, suggests a very specific feeding behaviour for this animal. These results demonstrate simply the inherent potential of FEA for testing mechanical behaviour in fossils in ways that, until now, have been impossible.

journal_name

Nature

journal_title

Nature

authors

Rayfield EJ,Norman DB,Horner CC,Horner JR,Smith PM,Thomason JJ,Upchurch P

doi

10.1038/35059070

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-02-22 00:00:00

pages

1033-7

issue

6823

eissn

0028-0836

issn

1476-4687

journal_volume

409

pub_type

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