Maternal germ-line transmission of mutant mtDNAs from embryonic stem cell-derived chimeric mice.

abstract：:B7 family proteins provide costimulatory signals that regulate T cell responses. Here we report the third set of B7 family-related T cell inhibitory molecules with the identification of a homolog of the B7 family, B7x. It is expressed in immune cells, nonlymphoid tissues, and some tumor cell lines. B7x inhibits cell-c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zang X,Loke P,Kim J,Murphy K,Waitz R,Allison JP

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shah N,Cerussi A,Eker C,Espinoza J,Butler J,Fishkin J,Hornung R,Tromberg B

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:An intense investigation of possible non-Fermi liquid states of matter has been inspired by two of the most intriguing phenomena discovered in the past quarter century, namely, high-temperature superconductivity and the fractional quantum Hall effect. Despite enormous conceptual strides, these two fields have develope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jain JK,Anderson PW

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenotypic plasticity is presumed to be involved in adaptive change toward species diversification. We thus examined how candidate genes underlying natural variation across populations might also mediate plasticity within an individual. Our implementation of an integrative "plasticity space" approach revealed that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosas U,Cibrian-Jaramillo A,Ristova D,Banta JA,Gifford ML,Fan AH,Zhou RW,Kim GJ,Krouk G,Birnbaum KD,Purugganan MD,Coruzzi GM

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of thermogenesis, acting both in peripheral organs and on central autonomic pathways. Mice heterozygous for a point mutation in thyroid hormone receptor α1 display increased thermogenesis as a consequence of high sympathetic brown fat stimulation. Surprisingly, despite the hypermet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Warner A,Rahman A,Solsjö P,Gottschling K,Davis B,Vennström B,Arner A,Mittag J

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In polyandrous species, fathers benefit from attracting greater maternal investment toward their offspring at the expense of the offspring of other males, while mothers should usually allocate resources equally among offspring. This conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between the sexes, manifested through a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raunsgard A,Opedal ØH,Ekrem RK,Wright J,Bolstad GH,Armbruster WS,Pélabon C

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The sense of hearing is remarkable for its auditory dynamic range, which spans more than 10(12) in acoustic intensity. The mechanisms that enable the cochlea to transduce high sound levels without damage are of key interest, particularly with regard to the broad impact of industrial, military, and recreational auditor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Housley GD,Morton-Jones R,Vlajkovic SM,Telang RS,Paramananthasivam V,Tadros SF,Wong AC,Froud KE,Cederholm JM,Sivakumaran Y,Snguanwongchai P,Khakh BS,Cockayne DA,Thorne PR,Ryan AF

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch signaling pathway is essential for many aspects of development, cell fate determination, and tissue homeostasis. Notch signaling can be modulated by posttranslational modifications to the Notch receptor, which are known to alter both ligand binding and receptor activation. We have modified the ligand-binding...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor P,Takeuchi H,Sheppard D,Chillakuri C,Lea SM,Haltiwanger RS,Handford PA

更新日期：2014-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy atoms, such as bromine or iodine, perturb the excited-state properties of aromatic chromophores through a spin-orbital coupling mechanism. In the present work the use of specifically directed spin-orbital probes to study subtle structural relationships in biopolymers is described. Heavy atoms are introduced into...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galley WC,Purkey RM

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human epidermal stem cells express higher levels of beta1 integrins and are more adhesive than keratinocytes that are destined to differentiate. To investigate whether high beta1 integrin expression and adhesiveness are essential for maintaining keratinocytes in the stem cell compartment, we introduced a dominant-nega...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu AJ,Haase I,Watt FM

更新日期：1999-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic cells respond to a variety of DNA insults by triggering a common signal transduction cascade, known as checkpoint response, which temporarily halts cell-cycle progression. Although the main players involved in the cascade have been identified, there is still uncertainty about the nature of the structures th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marini F,Nardo T,Giannattasio M,Minuzzo M,Stefanini M,Plevani P,Muzi Falconi M

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Six alternative hypotheses for the phylogenetic origin of Bilateria are evaluated by using complete 18S rRNA gene sequences for 52 taxa. These data suggest that there is little support for three of these hypotheses. Bilateria is not likely to be the sister group of Radiata or Ctenophora, nor is it likely that Bilateri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins AG

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic Yersinia spp. carry a large common plasmid that encodes a number of essential virulence determinants. Included in these factors are the Yersinia-secreted proteins called Yops. We analyzed the consequences of wild-type and mutant strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis interactions with the macrophage cell li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Monack DM,Mecsas J,Ghori N,Falkow S

更新日期：1997-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:According to the Dobzhansky-Muller model, hybrid sterility is a consequence of the independent evolution of related taxa resulting in incompatible genomic interactions of their hybrids. The model implies that the incompatibilities evolve randomly, unless a particular gene or nongenic sequence diverges much faster than...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhattacharyya T,Gregorova S,Mihola O,Anger M,Sebestova J,Denny P,Simecek P,Forejt J

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In normal adult rats anesthetized with urethane, intravenous injections of beta-endorphin (30--150 micrograms kg-1) induced a transient fall of blood pressure followed by a small hypertension and a prolonged hypotension. Prior administration of naloxone completely blocked these effects, whereas naloxone, given 1 hr af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lemaire I,Tseng R,Lemaire S

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA molecules that bind a transition state analog for a Diels-Alder reaction (Kd = 0.35 +/- 0.05 mM) were isolated from a starting pool of approximately 10(14) sequences by affinity chromatography. After the initial rise and plateau of the amount of RNA that eluted with soluble analog, a step gradient elution was used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morris KN,Tarasow TM,Julin CM,Simons SL,Hilvert D,Gold L

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal tubulofilamentous structures have been identified in electron micrographs of thin sections and negatively stained impression grids prepared from brains of animals with scrapie and other spongiform encephalopathies, and we showed that such tubules contain a core of filamentous structures resembling scrapie-ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narang HK,Asher DM,Gajdusek DC

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-17-producing CD27(-) γδ cells (γδ(27-) cells) are widely viewed as innate immune cells that make critical contributions to host protection and autoimmunity. However, factors that promote them over IFN-γ-producing γδ(27+) cells are poorly elucidated. Moreover, although human IL-17-producing γδ cells are commonly imp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michel ML,Pang DJ,Haque SF,Potocnik AJ,Pennington DJ,Hayday AC

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncolytic viruses constitute a promising therapy against malignant gliomas (MGs). However, virus-induced type I IFN greatly limits its clinical application. The kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) stimulates type I IFN production via phosphorylation of its effector proteins, 4E-BPs and S6Ks. Here we show that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alain T,Lun X,Martineau Y,Sean P,Pulendran B,Petroulakis E,Zemp FJ,Lemay CG,Roy D,Bell JC,Thomas G,Kozma SC,Forsyth PA,Costa-Mattioli M,Sonenberg N

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell-dependent B-cell responses decline with age, suggesting defective CD4 T-cell function. CD4 memory T cells from individuals older than 65 y displayed increased and sustained transcription of the dual-specific phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) that shortened expression of CD40-ligand (CD40L) and inducible T-cell costimulator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu M,Li G,Lee WW,Yuan M,Cui D,Weyand CM,Goronzy JJ

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Incubation of O6-[3H]ethylguanine-containing DNA with a rat liver chromatin fraction resulted in a decrease in the O6-ethylguanine content of the DNA. Analysis of the products of this reaction showed that the ethyl group had been transferred from the O6-ethylguanine to a protein acceptor. When the incubation mixture w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mehta JR,Ludlum DB,Renard A,Verly WG

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbit chondrocyte cultures on plastic dishes are capable of depositing a cartilaginous matrix, although the matrix does not calcify unless high levels of phosphate are added to the medium. In the present study, we cultivated a pelleted mass of rabbit growth-plate chondrocytes in the presence of Eagle's minimum essent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kato Y,Iwamoto M,Koike T,Suzuki F,Takano Y

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) are secreted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria through the autotransporter pathway. We previously classified SPATE proteins into two classes: cytotoxic (class 1) and noncytotoxic (class 2). Here, we show that Pic, a class 2 SPATE protein produced b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruiz-Perez F,Wahid R,Faherty CS,Kolappaswamy K,Rodriguez L,Santiago A,Murphy E,Cross A,Sztein MB,Nataro JP

更新日期：2011-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal guidance is key to the formation of neuronal circuitry. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A; previously known as semaphorin III, semaphorin D, and collapsin-1), a secreted subtype of the semaphorin family, is an important axonal guidance molecule in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of the repellent activity of se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Behar O,Mizuno K,Badminton M,Woolf CJ

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mature immunologically competent dendritic cells are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells that powerfully activate T cells and initiate and sustain immune responses. Indeed, dendritic cells are able to efficiently capture antigens, express high levels of costimulatory molecules, and produce the combination of c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Quaratino S,Duddy LP,Londei M

更新日期：2000-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The tendency for genetic architectures to exhibit epistasis among mutations plays a central role in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology and in theoretical descriptions of many evolutionary processes. Nevertheless, few studies unquestionably show whether, and how, mutations typically interact. Beneficial mutat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanjuán R,Moya A,Elena SF

更新日期：2004-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We show here that a cell-wall invertase encoded by the Incw1 gene is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by sugars in a heterotrophic cell suspension culture of maize. The Incw1 gene encoded two transcripts: Incw1-S (small) and Incw1-L (large); the size variation was attributable to di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng WH,Taliercio EW,Chourey PS

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Often, resistance to drugs is an obstacle to a successful treatment of cancer. In spite of the importance of the problem, the actual mechanisms that control the evolution of drug resistance are not fully understood. Many attempts to study drug resistance have been made in the mathematical modeling literature. Clearly,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomasetti C,Levy D

更新日期：2010-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrepancy is explored regarding the spin exchange integral estimated from magnetic field effects on recombination of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer cation (Bchl)(2)+ and the bacteriopheophytin anion Bph(-) and the measured electron transfer rate between Bph and electronically excited (Bchl)(2). In one explanation c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haberkorn R,Michel-Beyerle ME,Marcus RA

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA origami enables the precise fabrication of nanoscale geometries. We demonstrate an approach to engineer complex and reversible motion of nanoscale DNA origami machine elements. We first design, fabricate, and characterize the mechanical behavior of flexible DNA origami rotational and linear joints that integrate s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marras AE,Zhou L,Su HJ,Castro CE

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00