Abstract:
:CTXphi is a filamentous, lysogenic bacteriophage whose genome encodes cholera toxin, the primary virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae. CTX prophages in O1 El Tor and O139 strains of V. cholerae are found within arrays of genetically related elements integrated at a single locus within the V. cholerae large chromosome. The prophages of O1 El Tor and O139 strains generally yield infectious CTXphi. In contrast, O1 classical strains of V. cholerae do not produce CTXphi, although they produce cholera toxin and they contain CTX prophages integrated at two sites. We have identified the second site of CTX prophage integration in O1 classical strains and characterized the classical prophage arrays genetically and functionally. The genes of classical prophages encode functional forms of all of the proteins needed for production of CTXphi. Classical CTX prophages are present either as solitary prophages or as arrays of two truncated, fused prophages. RS1, a genetic element that is closely related to CTXphi and is often interspersed with CTX prophages in El Tor strains, was not detected in classical V. cholerae. Our model for CTXphi production predicts that the CTX prophage arrangements in classical strains will not yield extrachromosomal CTX DNA and thus will not yield virions, and our experimental results confirm this prediction. Thus, failure of O1 classical strains of V. cholerae to produce CTXphi is due to overall deficiencies in the structures of the arrays of classical prophages, rather than to mutations affecting individual CTX prophage genes.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Davis BM,Moyer KE,Boyd EF,Waldor MKdoi
10.1128/jb.182.24.6992-6998.2000keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-12-01 00:00:00pages
6992-8issue
24eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530journal_volume
182pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus, the accessory gene regulator (Agr) system, is responsible for increased transcription of certain exoprotein genes and decreased transcription of certain cell wall-associated proteins during the postexponential phase of growth. This regulation is important for virulen...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.186.6.1793-1801.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-adapted cells of a sporogenic mutant. MSp(+), and an asporogenic mutant, RSpoIIIa, of Clostridium botulinum type E rapidly fermented glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose, resulting in cytoplasmic granulation, heavy growth, a pH of <6.0, and sporulation of the MSp(+) mutant ranging from 60 to 80%. In Tryptic...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.120.1.74-80.1974
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Edwardsiella tarda is an important pathogenic bacterium that can replicate in macrophages. However, how the intramacrophage infection process affects the virulence of this bacterium is essentially unknown. Here, we show that E. tarda replicates and induces a caspase-1-dependent cell pyroptosis in a murine ma...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00978-15
更新日期:2016-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::High-affinity iron acquisition in Bacillus subtilis is mediated via the bacillibactin catechole siderophore pathway. Three of the four essential pathway steps, bacillibactin synthesis, Fe-bacillibactin uptake, and Fe-bacillibactin hydrolysis have been characterized previously. The functional and regulatory components ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00464-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of multiple diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Pneumolysin (Ply), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolytic pore-forming toxins, is produced by virtually all clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, and strains in which the Ply gene...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01489-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supplementation of the growth medium with high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, or sucrose caused a drastic change in the ratio of the two peptidoglycan-associated major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 in that the amounts of proteins b and c present in cell envelope preparations decreased and increased, r...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.131.2.623-630.1977
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::GspB is a serine-rich glycoprotein adhesin of Streptococcus gordonii that is exported to the bacterial surface by the accessory Sec system. This dedicated export pathway is comprised of seven components (SecA2, SecY2, and five accessory Sec proteins [Asp1 to Asp5]). The latter proteins have no known homologs beyond th...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00057-11
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exponentially growing populations of Bacillus subtilis contain two morphologically and functionally distinct cell types: motile individuals and nonmotile multicellular chains. Motility differentiation arises because RNA polymerase and the alternative sigma factor sigma(D) activate expression of flagellin in a subpopul...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00521-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two distinct spore appendage types of Clostridium bifermentans, a pinlike appendage and a tubular appendage, were studied by electron microscopy. The pinlike appendage is characterized by a shaft, about 100 A in diameter, which has a lobed caplike structure. The tubular appendage, 500 to 600 A in diameter, is characte...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.95.1.231-238.1968
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cold shock response of Escherichia coli is elicited by downshift of temperature from 37 degrees C to 15 degrees C and is characterized by induction of several cold shock proteins, including CsdA, during the acclimation phase. CsdA, a DEAD-box protein, has been proposed to participate in a variety of processes, suc...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00655-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus are capable of degrading thymidine to thymine, suggesting the presence of thymidine phosphorylase (or thymidine hydrolase). This activity was also demonstrated in cell-free extracts. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.117.3.1358-1360.1974
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcriptional regulatory protein Rgg coordinates amino acid catabolism and virulence factor expression in Streptococcus pyogenes. We used a proteomic approach to compare cytoplasmic proteins isolated from S. pyogenes wild-type strain NZ131 (serotype M49) to proteins isolated from an rgg mutant strain during the ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.21.7091-7099.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful completion of the bacteriophage P2 lytic cycle requires phage-induced lysis of its Escherichia coli host, a process that is poorly understood. Genetic analysis of lysis-deficient mutants defined a single locus, gene K, which lies within the largest late transcription unit of P2 and maps between head gene L ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.16.4974-4984.1994
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses dual flagellar systems adapted for movement under different circumstances. A single polar flagellum propels the bacterium in liquid (i.e., swimming) with a motor that is powered by the sodium motive force. Multiple proton-driven lateral flagella enable translocation over surfaces (i.e...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.15.4508-4518.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterocyst development was analyzed in mutants of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 bearing inactivated cox2 and/or cox3 genes, encoding heterocyst-specific terminal respiratory oxidases. At the morphological level, the cox2 cox3 double mutant (strain CSAV141) was impaired in membrane ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00220-07
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The segrosome is the nucleoprotein complex that mediates accurate plasmid segregation. In addition to its multifunctional role in segrosome assembly, the ParG protein of multiresistance plasmid TP228 is a transcriptional repressor of the parFG partition genes. ParG is a homodimeric DNA binding protein, with C-terminal...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01630-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In some media, Bacillus subtilis can maintain a prolonged stationary growth phase; however, in other media, nutrient depletion triggers a complex differentiation that culminates in production of a dormant endospore. This differentiation requires the expression of many genes. We found that during the stationary phase i...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.2.709-715.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::RsbT is an essential component of the pathway that activates the Bacillus subtilis sigma(B) transcription factor in response to physical stress. rsbT is located within an operon that includes the genes for its principal negative regulator (RsbS) and the stress pathway component that it activates (RsbU), as immediate u...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.187.24.8520-8525.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marRAB operon is one of two operons in the mar locus of Escherichia coli that are divergently transcribed from a central regulatory region, marO. The marRAB operon, transcribed from marOII, controls intrinsic resistance or susceptibility to multiple antibiotics and is inducible by structurally unrelated compounds ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.12.3414-3419.1995
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Bacillus subtilis, extracellular peptide signaling regulates several biological processes. Secreted Phr signaling peptides are imported into the cell and act intracellularly to antagonize the activity of regulators known as Rap proteins. B. subtilis encodes several Rap proteins and Phr peptides, and the processes r...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00300-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A lambda phage (lambdaNK55) carrying the translocatable element Tn10, conferring tetracycline resistance (Tetr), has been utilized to isolate glutamine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12. Such strains lack uridylyltransferase as a result of an insertion of the TN10 element in the glnD gene. The glnD::Tn10 insertion h...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.134.2.569-577.1978
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin and antitoxin (TA) gene pairs are addiction systems that are present in many microbial genomes. Sinorhizobium meliloti is an N2-fixing bacterial symbiont of alfalfa and other leguminous plants, and its genome consists of three large replicons, a circular chromosome (3.7 Mb) and the megaplasmids pSymA (1.4 Mb) an...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01104-13
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large amounts of sigA mRNA, encoding the primary sigma factor (PSF) in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, accumulated under standard growth conditions, while stress conditions like heat or high salinity led to a rapid decrease in sigA mRNA content. The sigB, sigC, sigD, and sigE genes, encoding PSF-like sigma factors,...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.3.1116-1119.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WalRK two-component system plays important roles in maintaining cell wall homeostasis and responding to antibiotic stress in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. In the major human pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, phosphorylated WalR(Spn) (VicR) response regulator positively controls the transcription of genes encodi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01690-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weaver, Judith R. (Iowa State University, Ames), and P. A. Pattee. Inducible resistance to erythromycin in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 88:574-580. 1964.-The dissociated resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin was examined and was found to possess the characteristics of an inducible enzyme. The ind...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.88.3.574-580.1964
更新日期:1964-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined 14 multiresistant and 8 ampicillin- or tetracycline-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolates and 4 ampicillin-resistant H. parainfluenzae isolates for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Sixteen strains carried plasmids. Both "plasmid-free" and plasmid-carrying isolates transferred the antibiotic resistance by...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.144.1.476-479.1980
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the roles of Streptococcus thermophilus phosphogalactosyltransferase (EpsE) (the priming enzyme), tyrosine kinase (EpsD), phosphatase (EpsB), and a membrane-associated protein with no known biochemical function (EpsC) in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. These proteins are well-conserved among bacteria and...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01122-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Washed cell suspensions of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum MS-1, A. itersonii E12639, Bacillus subtilis 6633, and Escherichia coli CSH27 translocated protons in response to the added oxidant O2 or NO3-, with triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide as the permeant ion. Iron respiration-driven proton translocation was observed...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.167.2.729-731.1986
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mutualistic symbiont Vibrio fischeri builds a symbiotic biofilm during colonization of squid hosts. Regulation of the exopolysaccharide component, termed Syp, has been examined in strain ES114, where production is controlled by a phosphorelay that includes the inner membrane hybrid histidine kinase RscS. Most stra...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00033-19
更新日期:2019-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Nitroheterocyclic and nitroaromatic compounds constitute an enormous range of chemicals whose potent biological activity has significant human health and environmental implications. The biological activity of nitro-substituted compounds is derived from reductive metabolism of the nitro moiety, a process catalyzed by a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.21.5529-5539.1998
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00