Abstract:
:This review outlines the development and use of placebo cigarettes in smoking research. Research on effects of smoking has been disadvantaged by the lack of an adequate placebo condition. Recently, tobacco-based denicotinized cigarettes have been used in smoking research to distinguish effects of smoking due to the delivery of nicotine, other components of tobacco smoke, and the sensory process of smoking. Placebo cigarettes do not increase heart rate and blood pressure or produce electroencephalogram changes ordinarily associated with nicotine. However, placebo cigarettes reduce subjective measures of tobacco craving, desire to smoke, and tobacco withdrawal. These findings indicate that the effects of cigarette smoking are dependent on the delivery of nicotine, tar, other compounds of tobacco smoke, and the sensory stimuli. The next generation of research may begin to investigate the mechanisms that modulate these placebo effects.
journal_name
Exp Clin Psychopharmacoljournal_title
Experimental and clinical psychopharmacologyauthors
Robinson ML,Houtsmuller EJ,Moolchan ET,Pickworth WBdoi
10.1037//1064-1297.8.3.326keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
326-32issue
3eissn
1064-1297issn
1936-2293journal_volume
8pub_type
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