Abstract：
:A common theme in medical microbiology is that the amount of amino acid sequence variation in proteins that are targets of the host immune system greatly exceeds that found in metabolic enzymes or other housekeeping proteins. Twenty-four Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes coding for targets of the host immune system were sequenced in 16 strains representing the breadth of genomic diversity in the species. Of the 24 genes, 19 were invariant and only six polymorphic nucleotide sites were identified in the 5 genes that did have variation. The results document the highly unusual circumstance that prominent M. tuberculosis antigenic proteins have negligible structural variation worldwide. The data are best explained by a combination of three factors: (i) evolutionarily recent global dissemination in humans, (ii) lengthy intracellular quiescence, and (iii) active replication in relatively few fully immunocompetent hosts. The very low level of amino acid diversity in antigenic proteins may be cause for optimism in the difficult fight to control global tuberculosis.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Musser JM,Amin A,Ramaswamy Skeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-01 00:00:00pages
7-16issue
1eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract：:This paper draws attention to the formal parallelism that exists between chromosomal-loss mosaicism and mutagenically induced mosaicism in Drosophila and suggests that, although the underlying processes by which these two types of genetic mosaics are generated are very different, the more refined methodology employed ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 313 motility-deficient mutants isolated from an LT2 his(amber) strain fixed in phase 1 by gene vh2(-), 25 regained motility when amber or ochre suppressors were introduced, in F' factors or by transduction. The fla mutants (23 amber, 1 ochre) fell in complementation groups A, B, C, F, K, a new group, M, and at leas...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates gametes, such as eggs and sperm. Errors in meiosis result in miscarriages and are the leading cause of birth defects; however, the molecular origins of these defects remain unknown. Studies in model organisms are beginning to identify the genes and pathways importa...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.117.300527
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The agouti locus on mouse chromosome 2 encodes a secreted cysteine-rich protein of 131 amino acids that acts as a molecular switch to instruct the melanocyte to make either yellow pigment (phaeomelanin) or black pigment (eumelanin). Mutations that up-regulate agouti expression are dominant to those causing decreased e...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four-cutter molecular polymorphism of Adh and P6, and chromosome inversion polymorphism of chromosome II were investigated in 95 isogenic lines of an Ivory Coast population of Drosophila melanogaster, a species assumed to have recently spread throughout the world from a West African origin. The P6 gene showed little l...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interchromosomal duplications are especially important for the study of X-linked genes. Males inheriting a mutation in a vital X-linked gene cannot survive unless there is a wild-type copy of the gene duplicated elsewhere in the genome. Rescuing the lethality of an X-linked mutation with a duplication allows the mutat...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.110.123265
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied lethal mutations in the single calmodulin gene (Cam) of Drosophila to gain insight into the in vivo functions of this important calcium sensor. As a result of maternal calmodulin (CaM) in the mature egg, lethality is delayed until the postembryonic stages. Prior to death in the first larval instar, Cam...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The HML and HMR loci carry unexpressed copies of MATa and MAT alpha information, and a replica of that information is transposed to MAT during mating-type interchange in Saccharomyces yeasts. A negative control mechanism keeps silent the information located at the HML and HMR loci. We mapped these loci by constructing...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An algorithm for detecting local clusters of homologous genes was applied to the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Clusters of two or more homologous genes are abundant, totaling 1391 clusters containing 4607 genes, over one-fifth of all genes in C. elegans. Cluster genes are distributed unevenly in the genome, with t...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.104.040030
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA extracts of several rosy-mutation-bearing strains were associated with large insertions and deletions in a defined region of the molecular map believed to include the rosy locus DNA. Large-scale, intragenic mapping experiments were carried out that localized these mutations within the boundaries of the previously ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A computer system for the storage and processing of microbial meiotic data has been developed. Based on the language Fortran 4, the program retrieves relevant data and determines the order, map distances, and coefficient of coincidence for any three-gene group. Meiotic data from Aspergillus nidulans were used to test ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding variation in allele frequencies across populations is a central goal of population genetics. Classical models for the distribution of allele frequencies, using forward simulation, coalescent theory, or the diffusion approximation, have been applied extensively for demographic inference, medical study des...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.117.200493
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutants of Paramecium caudatum with abnormal swimming behavior or responses to cations were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Some of the mutants, like pawn in P. tetraurelia, cannot swim backward and are called CNR. Seven independently obtained CNR mutants belonged to three complement...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scans of the human genome have identified many loci as potential targets of recent selection, but exploration of these candidates is required to verify the accuracy of genomewide scans and clarify the importance of adaptive evolution in recent human history. We present analyses of one such candidate, enamelin, whose p...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.077123
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two protocols are presented that allow the selection of mutations mapping to micronuclear chromosome 5 in Tetrahymena thermophilia. One protocol involves crossing mutagenized diploid cells directly to a strain nullisomic for chromosome 5 and screening the monosomic progeny for a mutant phenotype. The second protocol f...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When individuals' fitnesses depend on the genetic composition of the population in which they are found, selection is then frequency dependent. Frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is often invoked as a heuristic explanation for the maintenance of large numbers of alleles at a locus. The pairwise interaction model is a...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.073072
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous association analyses showed that variation at major regulatory genes contributes to standing variation for complex traits in Balsas teosinte, the progenitor of maize. This study expands our previous association mapping effort in teosinte by testing 123 markers in 52 candidate genes for association with 31 tra...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.108.090134
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isogenic lines, in which chromosomes sampled from natural populations of C. melanogaster are substituted into a common genetic background, were used to detect and partially characterize autosomal factors that affect the activities of the two pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) a...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Codon usage bias in Drosophila melanogaster genes has been attributed to negative selection of those codons whose cellular tRNA abundance restricts rates of mRNA translation. Previous studies, which involved limited numbers of genes, can now be compared against analyses of the entire gene complements of 12 Drosophila ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.070466
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify in vivo pathways that compensate for impaired proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA or Pol30p in yeast) activity, we performed a synthetic lethal screen with the yeast pol30-104 mutation. We identified nine mutations that display synthetic lethality with pol30-104; three mutations affected the structura...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a wheat genome sequencing workshop was held November 10-11, 2003, in Washington, DC. It brought together 63 scientists of diverse research interests and institutions, including 45 from the United States and 18 from a dozen foreign cou...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type：
doi：10.1534/genetics.104.034769
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multi-locus model for complete positive assortative mating is discussed. For a two-locus model, if the gene frequencies for the two loci are different, as they are likely to be, it is shown that in equilibrium the population is not composed of only two homozygous types, as is usually thought. The limiting distributi...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yeast pheromone/filamentous growth MAPK pathway mediates both mating and invasive-growth responses. The interface between this MAPK module and the transcriptional machinery consists of a network of two MAPKs, Fus3 and Kss1; two regulators, Rst1 and Rst2 (a.k.a. Dig1 and Dig2); and two transcription factors, Ste12 ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequences of Bronze2 (Bz2), a maize gene which is required for the synthesis of the purple pigment anthocyanin, have been cloned by combining the techniques of transposon tagging and differential hybridization. First, a mutable bz2 allele (bz2-mu1) was recovered from a Mutator line. The mutation was assumed to result ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have cloned and disrupted in vivo, by repeat-induced point mutations, the nuclear gene coding for an iron sulfur subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa, homologue of the mammalian TYKY protein. Analysis of the obtained mutant nuo21.3c revealed that complex I fails to assemble. The peripheral arm of the enzyme ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salmonella typhimurium can normally use glycine as a serine source to support the growth of serine auxotrophs. This reaction was presumed to occur by the reversible activity of the enzyme, serine transhydroxymethylase (E. C. 2. 1. 2. 1; L-serine: tetrahydrofolic-5, 10 transhydroxymethylase), which is responsible for g...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In budding yeast, at least 10 proteins are required for formation of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination. Spo11 is the enzyme responsible for cleaving DNA and is found in a complex that also contains Ski8, Rec102, and Rec104. The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex is required for both DSB formati...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.106.058768
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsatellite markers are extensively used to evaluate genetic diversity in natural or experimental evolving populations. Their high degree of polymorphism reflects their high mutation rates. Estimates of the mutation rates are therefore necessary when characterizing diversity in populations. As a complement to the c...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.071332
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obligate pathogenic and endosymbiotic bacteria typically experience gene loss due to functional redundancy, asexuality, and genetic drift. We hypothesize that reduced genomes increase their functional complexity through protein multitasking, in which many genes adopt new roles to counteract gene loss. Comparisons of i...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.112.145656
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli K12 does not metabolize beta-glucosides such as arbutin and salicin because of lack of expression of the bglBSRC operon, which contains structural genes for transport (bglC) and hydrolysis (bglB) of phospho-beta-glucosides. Mutants carrying lesions in the cis-acting regulatory site bglR metabolize bet...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
