Abstract:
:To investigate growth of heterotrophic biofilm bacteria, a model biofilm reactor was developed to simulate a drinking water distribution system. Controlled addition of three different carbon sources (amino acids, carbohydrates, and humics) at three different concentrations (500, 1,000, and 2,000 ppb carbon) in the presence and absence of chlorine were used in separate experiments. An additional experiment was run with a 1:1:2 mixture of the above carbon sources. Biofilm and effluent total and culturable cells in addition to total and dissolved organic carbon were measured in order to estimate specific growth rates (SGRs), observed yields, population densities, and bacterial carbon production rates. Bacterial carbon production rates (µg C/L day) were extremely high in the control biofilm communities (range = 295-1,738). Both growth rate and yield decreased with increasing carbon concentrations. Therefore, biofilm growth rates were zero-order with respect to the carbon concentrations used in these experiments. There was no correlation between growth rate and carbon concentration, but there was a significant negative correlation between growth rate and biofilm cell density (r = -0.637, p = 0.001 control and r = -0.57, p = 0.021 chlorinated biofilms). Growth efficiency was highest at the lowest carbon concentration (range = 12-4.5%, amino acids and humics respectively). Doubling times ranged from 2.3-15.4 days in the control biofilms and 1-12.3 days in the chlorinated biofilms. Growth rates were significantly higher in the presence of chlorine for the carbohydrates, humics, and mixed carbon sources (p = 0.004, < 0.0005, 0.013, respectively). The concept of r/K selection theory was used to explain the results with respect to specific growth rates and yields. Humic removal by the biofilm bacteria (78% and 56% for the control and chlorinated biofilms, respectively) was higher than previously reported literature values for planktonic bacteria. A number of control experiments indicated that filtration of drinking water was as effective as chlorination in controlling bacterial biofilm growth.
journal_name
Microb Ecoljournal_title
Microbial ecologyauthors
Ellis BD,Butterfield P,Jones WL,McFeters GA,Camper AKdoi
10.1007/s002489901003keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-01 00:00:00pages
330-347issue
4eissn
0095-3628issn
1432-184Xpii
10.1007/s002489901003journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Several Mesorhizobium species are able to induce effective nodules in chickpea, one of the most important legumes worldwide. Our aims were to examine the biogeography of chickpea rhizobia, to search for a predominant species, and to identify the most efficient microsymbiont, considering Portugal as a case study. One h...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-009-9536-6
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol production from corn is gaining importance in Ontario, Canada, and elsewhere. A major cost of corn production is the cost of chemical fertilizers and these continue to increase in price. The competitiveness of alcohol with fossil fuels depends on access to low-cost corn that allows growers to earn a sustainabl...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9039-7
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental studies of a microbial food chain involving organic carbon substrates,Enterobacter aerogenes, and ciliate protozoansParamecium primaurelia andDldinium nasutum were conducted in stirred, aerated batch cultures. Quantitative measurements were made of organic carbon levels and of cell numbers, mean cell volu...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02011426
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydroelectric reservoirs are highly regulated ecosystems, where the understanding on bacterioplankton has been very limited so far. In view of significant changes in river hydrological conditions by dam construction, hydraulic load (i.e., the ratio of mean water depth to water retention time) was assumed to control ba...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-020-01523-8
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm-produced and commercially-purified a- and b-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase were subjected to different spectral portions of natural and artificial light and exposed to various humic substances to elucidate their impact on enzyme activities. Photochemical degradation of all enzymes occurred under differen...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-001-1023-7
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity and the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in an anaerobic continuous bioreactor used for treatment of a sulfate-containing wastewater were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hybridization to the 16S rRNA probe EUB338 for the domain Bacteria was performed, followed by...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9009-0
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular phosphatase production by phytoplankton was investigated in the moderately eutrophic Lipno reservoir, Czech Republic during 2009 and 2010. We hypothesized that production of extracellular phosphatases is an additional mechanism of phosphorus acquisition enabling producers to survive rather than to domina...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0483-5
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ongoing climate change is expected to affect the diversity and activity of aquatic microbes, which play a key role in plant litter decomposition in forest streams. We used a before-after control-impact (BACI) design to study the effects of warming on a forest stream reach. The stream reach was divided by a longitudina...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0780-2
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terrestrially derived carbon and nutrients are washed into lakes, providing nutritional drivers for both microbial heterotrophy and phototrophy. Changes in the quantity and diversity of carbon and nutrients exported from watersheds in response to alterations in long-term land use have led to a need for evaluation of t...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0783-z
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial respiration contributes to atmospheric carbon dioxide accumulation and development of hypoxia and is a critical, often overlooked, component of ecosystem function. This study investigates the concept that maintenance respiration is a significant proportion of bacterial respiration at natural nutrient levels ...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-018-1244-7
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial biomass and community structure of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility and land use history was investigated. Two community based microbiological measurements, namely, community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog sole C source utilization tests and phospholipid fatty acid (PLF...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002480000053
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quorum sensing (QS) signals have been considered to play important roles in biofilm development and in the attractiveness of biofilms to higher organisms in marine ecosystem. In this study, bacterial QS signalsacylated homoserine lactone derivatives (AHLs) were detected in 2-, 4-, and 6-day-old subtidal biofilms by us...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-007-9210-9
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The halophilic, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and archaea inhabiting two hypersaline coastal areas in Kuwait, one in the north and the other in the south, were counted and characterized. Environmental parameters in both areas were similar, with the exception of the soil organic carbon content, which was in the north hi...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0386-5
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective inhibition (SI) has been routinely used to differentiate the contributions of bacteria and fungi to soil ecological processes. SI experiments typically measured rapid responses within hours since the addition of inhibitor, but the long-term effects of selective biocides on microbial community composition and...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-019-01364-0
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dermis of cetaceans is in constant contact with microbial species. Although the skin of the bottlenose dolphin provides adequate defense against most disease-causing microbes, it also provides an environment for microbial community development. Microbial community uniqueness and richness associated with bottlenose...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-017-1071-2
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While direct detrimental effects of parasites on hosts are relatively well documented, other more subtle but potentially important effects of parasitism are yet unexplored. Biological activity of ectoparasites, apart from skin injuries and blood-feeding, often results in blood remains, or parasite faeces that accumula...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-017-1140-6
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric pollution has become a major problem for modern societies owing to its fatal effects on both human health and ecosystems. We studied the relationships of nitrogen dioxide atmospheric pollution and metal trace elements contained in atmospheric particles which were accumulated in bryophytes to microbial comm...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-009-9580-2
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sediment samples were collected monthly from Acton Lake, a eutrophic reservoir located in an agricultural region of southwestern Ohio, from three stations (River, Middle, and Dam) during the period May 1995 through January 1997. Sedimentary microbial biomass and community structures from these stations were studied us...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002480000102
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth rate or numerical response of five species of bactivorous ciliates to the abundance ofEnterobacter aerogenes was examined in monoxenic culture. The ciliatesColpidium campylum, C. colpoda, Glaucoma scintillons, G. frontata, andCyclidium glaucoma were isolated from a small pond. Four were grown in shaken cult...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02015077
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungi play an important role in cycling organic matter and nutrients in marine ecosystems. However, the distribution of fungal communities in the ocean, especially the vertical distribution along depth in the water column, remained poorly understood. Here, we assess the depth-related distribution pattern of fungal com...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-019-01374-y
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arkashin Schurf (Arkashin) and Zavarzin Spring (Zavarzin), two active thermal pools in the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Russia, were studied for geochemical and microbiological characterization. Arkashin, the smaller of the two pools, had broader temperature and pH ranges, and the sediments had higher concentrations of to...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-011-9979-4
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are both toxic metalloids that are of primary concern for human health. Mining activity has introduced elevated levels of arsenic and antimony into the rivers and has increased the risks of drinking water contamination in China. Due to their mobility, the majority of the metalloids origi...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-019-01327-5
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of hypolithic cyanobacteria colonizing translucent stones was quantified along the aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert in Chile, from less arid areas to the hyperarid core where photosynthetic life and thus primary production reach their limits. As mean rainfall declines from 21 to journal_title:Microbial ecology pub_type: 杂志文章 doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9055-7 更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary succession is a fundamental process in macroecosystems; however, if and how soil development influences microbial community structure is poorly understood. Thus, we investigated changes in the bacterial community along a chronosequence of three unvegetated, early successional soils ( approximately 20-year age ...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9144-7
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated seasonal variation of grazing impact of the pigmented nanoflagellates (PNF) with different sizes upon Synechococcus in the subtropical western Pacific coastal waters using grazing experiments with fluorescently labeled Synechococcus (FLS). For total PNF, conspicuous seasonal variations of ingestion rat...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-009-9569-x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The MHV-68 (designed as Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV 4) strain 68) isolated from two rodents, Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis, is considered as a natural pathogen of free-living murid rodents. Recently, the detection of MHV antibodies in the blood of animals living in the same biotope as MHV-infected mice has s...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-011-9907-7
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large areas of rainforest in Asia have been converted to plantations, with uncertain effects on soil biodiversity. Using standard metagenetic methods, we compared the soil biota of bacteria, fungi, and nematodes at three rainforest sites in Malaysia with two rubber plantation sites with similar soils and geology. We p...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0790-0
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microorganisms play a crucial role in lignocellulosic degradation. Many enriched microbial communities have demonstrated to reach functional and structural stability with effective degrading capacities of industrial interest. These microbial communities are typically composed by only few dominant species and a high nu...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00248-019-01403-w
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internal colony-forming bacterial flora of the schistosome intermediate host snailBiomphalaria glabrata (Say) has been characterized in ca. 500 individual snails from Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and St. Lucia, and from laboratory aquaria. Freshly captured wild snails harbor 2-40×10(6) CFU·g(-1), and healthy aquarium ...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02010308
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anaerobic degradation ofp-cresol was studied with one sediment source under three reducing conditions-denitrifying, sulfidogenic, and methanogenic. Loss ofp-cresol (1 mM) in all the anaerobic systems took initially 3 to 4 weeks. In acclimated culturesp-cresol was degraded in less than a week.p-Cresol was completel...
journal_title:Microbial ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02543873
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00