Abstract:
:Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, can compromise the ability of hippocampal neurons to survive numerous necrotic insults. We have previously observed that GCs worsen the deleterious effects of gp120, the glycoprotein of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus, which can indirectly damage neurons and which is thought to play a role in the neuropathological features of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Specifically, GCs augment gp120-induced calcium mobilization, ATP depletion, decline in mitochondrial potential, and neurotoxicity in fetal monolayer cultures from a number of brain regions. In the present report, we demonstrate a similar gp120/GC synergy in adult hippocampal and cortical explants. We generated explants from rats that were either adrenalectomized, adrenally intact, or intact and treated with corticosterone to produce levels seen in response to major stressors. Metabolic rates in explants were then indirectly assessed with silicon microphysiometry, and cytosolic calcium concentrations were assessed with fura-2 fluorescent microscopy. We observed that basal levels of GCs tonically augment the disruptive effects of gp120 on metabolism in the CA1 cell field of the hippocampus and in the cortex. Moreover, raising GC concentrations into the stress range exacerbated the ability of gp120 to mobilize cytosolic calcium in a number of hippocampal cell fields. Finally, we observed that the synthetic GC prednisone had similarly exacerbating effects on gp120. Thus, GCs can worsen the deleterious effects of gp120 in a system that is more physiologically relevant than the fetal monolayer culture and in a region-specific manner.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Yusim A,Franklin L,Brooke S,Ajilore O,Sapolsky Rdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741000.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-03-01 00:00:00pages
1000-7issue
3eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In the present study, by means of genetic, biochemical, morphological, and electrophysiological approaches, the role of large-conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels (BK channels) in the release of excitatory and non-excitatory neurotransmitters at hippocampal and non-hippocampal sites has been investi...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein anosmin-1, coded by the KAL1 gene responsible for the X-linked form of Kallmann syndrome (KS), exerts its biological effects mainly through the interaction with and signal modulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). We have previously shown the interaction of the third fibronectin-like type ...
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更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of neuromelanin (NM) to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been suspected. In particular, a correlation has been reported between the estimated cell loss in the mesencephalic dopaminergic cell groups and the percentage of NM-pigmented neurons in these cell groups. To test whether th...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010424.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to typical neuroleptic drugs, which have high affinities for dopamine D2 receptors, clozapine binds to multiple neurotransmitter receptors. The mechanisms responsible for its superior clinical efficacy over typical neuroleptics remain unknown. Using an automated genomics approach, total gene expression ana...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00027.x
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of L-tryptophan to the neuroactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, L-kynurenine, kynurenate and quinolinate, and the effects of two inhibitors of quinolinate synthesis (6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate) were investigated by mass spectrometric assays in cultured cells and in vivo. Ce...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65052217.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00