Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of nucleic acid derivatives.

abstract：:Oreopithecus bambolii (8.3-6.7 million years old) is the latest known hominoid from Europe, dating to approximately the divergence time of the Pan-hominin lineages. Despite being the most complete nonhominin hominoid in the fossil record, the O. bambolii skeleton IGF 11778 has been, for decades, at the center of inten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hammond AS,Rook L,Anaya AD,Cioppi E,Costeur L,Moyà-Solà S,Almécija S

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A proton NMR method is described for determining the orientation of a porphyrin within the heme pocket of a hemoprotein. The pattern of the hyperfine-shifted heme methyl resonances in low-spin ferric model compounds is demonstrated to characteristically reflect the position of a localized low-symmetry perturbation on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： La Mar GN,Budd DL,Viscio DB,Smith KM,Langry KC

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serpin was identified in normal mammary gland by differential cDNA sequencing. In situ hybridization has detected this serpin exclusively in the myoepithelial cells on the normal and noninvasive mammary epithelial side of the basement membrane and thus was named myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (MEP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao G,Liu YE,Gentz R,Sang QA,Ni J,Goldberg ID,Shi YE

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The osteopontin (Opn) glycoprotein has been implicated in diverse physiological processes, including vascularization, bone formation, and inflammatory responses. Studies of its role in immune responses has suggested that Opn can set the early stage of type-1 immune (cell-mediated) responses through differential regula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinohara ML,Jansson M,Hwang ES,Werneck MB,Glimcher LH,Cantor H

更新日期：2005-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Asymmetric epoxidation of various styrenes using carbocyclic oxazolidinone-containing ketone 3 has been investigated. High enantioselectivity (89-93% enantiomeric excess) has been attained for this challenging class of alkenes. Mechanistic studies show that substituents on the ketone catalyst can have electronic influ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hickey M,Goeddel D,Crane Z,Shi Y

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is a frequent occurrence in human cancers and a major promoter of chemotherapeutic resistance. Inhibition of one downstream target in this pathway, mTORC1, has shown potential to improve chemosensitivity. However, the mechanisms and genetic m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mills JR,Hippo Y,Robert F,Chen SM,Malina A,Lin CJ,Trojahn U,Wendel HG,Charest A,Bronson RT,Kogan SC,Nadon R,Housman DE,Lowe SW,Pelletier J

更新日期：2008-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Unintended anthropogenic deposition of sulfur (S) to forest ecosystems has a range of negative consequences, identified through decades of research. There has been far less study of purposeful S use in agricultural systems around the world, including the application of elemental sulfur (S(0)) as a quick-reacting fungi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hinckley EL,Matson PA

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Netrin-1 is critical for axonal pathfinding which shares similarities with formation of vascular network. Here we report that netrin-1 induction of angiogenesis is mediated by an increase in endothelial nitric oxide (NO*) production, which occurs via a DCC-dependent, ERK1/2-eNOS feed-forward mechanism. Exposure of mat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nguyen A,Cai H

更新日期：2006-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore protein space from a global perspective, we consider 9,710 SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins) domains with up to 70% sequence identity and present all similarities among them as networks: In the "domain network," nodes represent domains, and edges connect domains that share "motifs," i.e., signifi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nepomnyachiy S,Ben-Tal N,Kolodny R

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:When a sensory stimulus repeats, neuronal firing rate and functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent responses typically decline, yet perception and behavioral performance either stay constant or improve. An additional aspect of neuronal activity is neuronal synchronization, which can enhance the impact of neurons on...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brunet NM,Bosman CA,Vinck M,Roberts M,Oostenveld R,Desimone R,De Weerd P,Fries P

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustain tumor growth through their ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated progeny. These functions endow CSCs with the potential to initiate secondary tumors bearing characteristics similar to those of the parent. Recently the hair follicle stem cell marker CD34 was used to purif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schober M,Fuchs E

更新日期：2011-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective blockade of gene expression by designed small molecules is a fundamental challenge at the interface of chemistry, biology, and medicine. Transcription factors have been among the most elusive targets in genetics and drug discovery, but the fields of chemical biology and genetics have evolved to a point where...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kushal S,Lao BB,Henchey LK,Dubey R,Mesallati H,Traaseth NJ,Olenyuk BZ,Arora PS

更新日期：2013-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously we reported that pretreatment of rats with the substance P (SP) antagonist CP-96,345 inhibits the enterotoxic responses following administration of toxin A from Clostridium difficile into ileal loops, indicating that SP participates in the intestinal responses to this toxin. We now report that injection of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castagliuolo I,Keates AC,Qiu B,Kelly CP,Nikulasson S,Leeman SE,Pothoulakis C

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that a 2-step phospho/dephosphorylation cycle for the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid receptor (AMPAR), as used in in vivo learning experiments to assess long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and establishment, exhibits bistability for a wide range of parameters, consistent with val...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castellani GC,Bazzani A,Cooper LN

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Many bacteria use acyl homoserine lactone signals to monitor cell density in a type of gene regulation termed quorum sensing and response. Synthesis of these signals is directed by homologs of the luxi gene of Vibrio fischeri. This communication resolves two critical issues concerning the synthesis of the V. fischeri ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schaefer AL,Val DL,Hanzelka BL,Cronan JE Jr,Greenberg EP

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The stability of an immunogen against enzymatic degradation is considered an important factor for the design of synthetic vaccines. For our studies, we have selected an epitope from the tandem-repeat unit of the high-molecular-weight MUC2 mucin glycoprotein, which can be underglycosylated in case of colon cancer. In t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tugyi R,Uray K,Iván D,Fellinger E,Perkins A,Hudecz F

更新日期：2005-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been found to regulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Whole-cell and single-channel recordings from cultured hippocampal neurons revealed a mechanism responsible for enhanced synaptic strength. Specifically, brain-derived neurotrophic factor augmented glutamate-evoked, but ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine ES,Crozier RA,Black IB,Plummer MR

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In the manufacture of chemical feedstocks and subsequent processing into derivatives and materials, the U.S. chemical industry sets the current standard of excellence for technological competitiveness. This world-class leadership is attributed to the innovation and advancement of chemical engineering process technolog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitchell JW

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein interactions at the synaptic vesicle/plasma membrane interface play an essential role in neurotransmitter release. The membrane-proximal region (amino acids 77-90) of the v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP 2,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Haro L,Ferracci G,Opi S,Iborra C,Quetglas S,Miquelis R,Lévêque C,Seagar M

更新日期：2004-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to mechanisms mediating uptake of intracellular bacterial pathogens, bacterial egress and cell-to-cell transmission are poorly understood. Previously, we showed that the transmission of pathogenic mycobacteria between phagocytic cells also depends on nonlytic ejection through an F-actin based structure, ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerstenmaier L,Pilla R,Herrmann L,Herrmann H,Prado M,Villafano GJ,Kolonko M,Reimer R,Soldati T,King JS,Hagedorn M

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Kinetics of growth and decay of triplet states of molecules at known orientation in a magnetic field have been measured. Amplitudes of the zero field eigenstates in each of the eigenstates at finite field were varied by choice of orientation. No interference between the amplitudes of the zero field states was found in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Felix CC,Weissman SI

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known from Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons" [Hardin G (1968) Science 162:1243-1248] that, if open access is allowed, overgrazing typically results. Hardin, and most authors of the subsequent literature, adopted a static view of the underlying ecosystem. Here we extend this tragedy of the commons to conside...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brekke KA,Øksendal B,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite substantial size variations, proportions of the developing body plan are maintained with a remarkable precision. Little is known about the mechanisms that ensure this adaptation (scaling) of pattern with size. Most models of patterning by morphogen gradients do not support scaling. In contrast, we show that sc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ben-Zvi D,Barkai N

更新日期：2010-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Various biological processes exhibit characteristics that vary dramatically in response to different input conditions or changes in the history of the process itself. One of the examples studied here, the Ras-PKC-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) bistable pathway, follows two distinct dynamics (modes) depending ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbano PE,Spivak M,Feng J,Antoniotti M,Mishra B

更新日期：2005-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The exquisite selectivity and catalytic activity of enzymes have been shaped by the effects of positive and negative selection pressure during the course of evolution. In contrast, enzyme variants engineered by using in vitro screening techniques to accept novel substrates typically display a higher degree of catalyti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Varadarajan N,Gam J,Olsen MJ,Georgiou G,Iverson BL

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Rad51 is a highly conserved eukaryotic homolog of the prokaryotic recombination protein RecA, which has been shown to function in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination in yeast. In primary murine B cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate heavy chain class switch recombin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li MJ,Peakman MC,Golub EI,Reddy G,Ward DC,Radding CM,Maizels N

更新日期：1996-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The microbiota is now recognized as a key influence on the host immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, there has been some progress toward therapies that modulate the microbiota with the aim of limiting immune-mediated demyelination, as occurs in multiple sclerosis. However, remyelination-the re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McMurran CE,Guzman de la Fuente A,Penalva R,Ben Menachem-Zidon O,Dombrowski Y,Falconer J,Gonzalez GA,Zhao C,Krause FN,Young AMH,Griffin JL,Jones CA,Hollins C,Heimesaat MM,Fitzgerald DC,Franklin RJM

更新日期：2019-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the develop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Britton GJ,Contijoch EJ,Spindler MP,Aggarwala V,Dogan B,Bongers G,San Mateo L,Baltus A,Das A,Gevers D,Borody TJ,Kaakoush NO,Kamm MA,Mitchell H,Paramsothy S,Clemente JC,Colombel JF,Simpson KW,Dubinsky MC,Grinspan A,

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The one-sided multipliers of an operator space X are a key to "latent operator algebraic structure" in X. We begin with a survey of these multipliers, together with several of the applications that they have had to operator algebras. We then describe several new results on one-sided multipliers, and new applications, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blecher DP,Zarikian V

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Betidamino acids (a contraction of "beta" position and "amide") are N'-monoacylated (optionally, N'-monoacylated and N-mono- or N,N'-dialkylated) aminoglycine derivatives in which each N'acyl/alkyl group may mimic naturally occurring amino acid side chains or introduce novel functionalities. Betidamino acids are most ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rivier JE,Jiang G,Koerber SC,Porter J,Simon L,Craig AG,Hoeger CA

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00