Abstract:
:In the absence of a fossil record, the evolution of protozoa has until recently largely remained a matter for speculation. However, advances in molecular methods and phylogenetic analysis are now allowing interpretation of the "history written in the genes". This review focuses on recent progress in reconstruction of trypanosome phylogeny based on molecular data from ribosomal RNA, the miniexon and protein-coding genes. Sufficient data have now been gathered to demonstrate unequivocally that trypanosomes are monophyletic; the phylogenetic trees derived can serve as a framework to reinterpret the biology, taxonomy and present day distribution of trypanosome species, providing insights into the coevolution of trypanosomes with their vertebrate hosts and vectors. Different methods of dating the divergence of trypanosome lineages give rise to radically different evolutionary scenarios and these are reviewed. In particular, the use of one such biogeographically based approach provides new insights into the coevolution of the pathogens, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, with their human hosts and the history of the diseases with which they are associated.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Stevens JR,Gibson WCdoi
10.1590/s0102-311x1999000400002keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
673-84issue
4eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This article presents part of the results from the Baseline Study on the PROESF. The objective was to evaluate primary health care in the cities of Cuiabá, Várzea Grande, and Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, based on the inter-subjectivity in human relations (among health workers, users of health services, and...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001300009
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The text De Profundis: Valsa Lenta (De Profundis: Slow Waltz), by Portuguese author José Cardoso Pires, describing the aphasia he experienced after a stroke, was used as a starting point to study the different approaches writers and physician have regarding the disease. The differences in form and content of texts des...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2000000100026
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This epidemiological study focused on meningococcal meningitis in the Municipality of Manaus, Brazil from 1998 and 2002, considering the following aspects: incidence and case-fatality, age, sex, clinical manifestations, evolution, diagnostic criteria, and predominant meningococcal strains. The mean incidence rate for ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2005000300016
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abstract::This article aims to assess the influence of hospital characteristics on the odds of performing an elective cesarean in the Southeast region of Brazil. Data were obtained from the Birth in Brazil study, conducted from February 2011 to October 2012. The current analysis includes the sample from Southeast Brazil, with 1...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00218218
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the nematodes Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti. The disease occurs in developing countries and is more frequent in urban areas. An estimated 4 billion people live in at-risk areas. In Brazil the endemic is caused by W. bancrofti and was first documented in 1878. ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1999000100020
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00237418
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of functional incapacity and associated factors. A cross-sectional population-based study included 352 elderly subjects (> or =60 years) in a small Brazilian town. Community-based health workers conducted structured interviews. Functional incapacity was measured by ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007001100025
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a genetic disease of broad clinical spectrum, characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate2-sulfatase. The aim of this study was to assess whether enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with idursulfase (IDS) for MPS II is effective and safe. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS,...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00017613
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to estimate the relationship between employment status and depressive symptoms among Mexican adults, as well as to explore its differential effect by gender. Cross-sectional study of 36,516 adults between 20 and 59 years of age taken from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Depressiv...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00219617
更新日期:2018-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The definition of complex chronic health condition (CCHC) is important for identifying children and adolescents occupying pediatric beds in Brazilian hospitals, where they live out their childhood, requiring complex care by multidisciplinary teams in network format both in-hospital and in home care. The current articl...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00189516
更新日期:2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the work performed by garbage collectors in the Rio de Janeiro City Street Cleaning Company (COMLURB) (Rio Comprido division) and its consequences for their health. Data were collected through interviews and on-site video documentation. A detailed description of the work process was performed. In ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1997000400012
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents the results of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) conducted in 2012 with 277 final-year medical students from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiment tested students' preferences concerning future work as physicians in primary health care, based on hypothetical job scenarios aimed at measuring...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00075316
更新日期:2017-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections among AIDS cases reported in Brazil, and to describe the epidemiological profile of these cases. Coinfection was identified through probabilistic record linkage of the data of all patients carrying the HIV virus recorded as AIDS pa...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00010413
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 1993 and 2000 on Japanese-Brazilians (n = 328) of both sexes, aged 40 to 79 years in 1993, living in Bauru, São Paulo State. Both surveys examined food intake using food frequency questionnaires. Dietary intake in both surveys was compared to Wilcoxon tests according to gender...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2006001100017
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various strategies for eliminating leprosy as a public health problem have evolved in the last 20 years. In some countries, especially highly endemic ones, the WHO target rate for leprosy elimination fell far short. The current study aimed to analyze the impact of different strategies for reducing leprosy prevalence i...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000500020
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently confirmed several cases of acute schistosomiasis in Porto de Galinhas beach, Northeast Brazil. A total of 662 patients were diagnosed by parasitological and clinical examinations. The infection likely occurred during the September 7 national holiday, when heavy rainfall flooded the Ipojuca River and people...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2001000300028
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study aimed to measure use of medication and polypharmacy among the elderly in Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and to compare socio-demographic, economic, and health characteristics in relation to area of residence (urban versus rural) in a random sample of 811 persons 60 year of age or older. Int...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the sample design used in the Brazilian application of the World Health Survey. The sample was selected in three stages. First, the census tracts were allocated in six strata defined by their urban/rural situation and population groups of the municipalities (counties). The tracts were selected usi...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2005000700010
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Japreira indigenous community, Venezuela, and its relationship to age and gender. An intentional, non-probabilistic sample of 149 individuals was selected from a total of 300. All samples were studied for the presence of ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008000500028
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of smoking and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of 6,510 Brazilian schoolteachers. Data were obtained from telephone interviews using a questionnaire on sociodemographic information, health status, work absenteeism, and the characteristics ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00180217
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001000009
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to characterize Giardia duodenalis infection among children living in sub-standard settlement areas in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The cross-sectional epidemiological study included 590 children from 1 to 5 years of age. Data were collected from ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000600024
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reporting family violence against children has two main benefits: it protects the child from the violence and improves epidemiological control of violence. Health professionals play an important role in this area, since they are required to report any known or even suspected case of violence. Nevertheless, when and ho...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2002000100032
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article proposes a model for quality evaluation of oral health care in children. The conceptual framework for the evaluation matrix consisted of evaluation studies on oral health care services in Brazil and other countries and a survey and review of prevailing public policies for children's health in Brazil. Two ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00006415
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Brazil, the trade union structure created by authoritarian corporatism in the 1930's began to change when the cycle of the military regime installed in 1964 came to an end. With redemocratization, the trade union movement began to coexist with the organization of pluralistic interests, a process which has influence...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1993000100002
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines region-specific relations between prevalence of protection against sunlight and socio-demographic and behavioral variables in Brazil. Data were derived from a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Information on sunlight exposure was available for a total of 16,999 individuals 15 years ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000400010
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00117012
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, work accidents in Brazil have been categorized in government documents and legal and academic texts as typical work accidents and commuting accidents. Given the increase in urban violence and the increasingly precarious work conditions in recent decades, this article addresses the conceptual inadequacy ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00173016
更新日期:2018-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::The public-private mix in the Brazilian health system favors double coverage of health services for individuals with private health plans and may aggravate inequities in the use of services. The aim of this study was to describe trends in the use of medical and dental services and associations with schooling and priva...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00052017
更新日期:2018-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to identify changes in knowledge and practices learned to prevent dengue fever in two areas of Catanduva, São Paulo State, from 1999 to 2001: a study area and a control area. The study included an initial quantitative survey, qualitative research, a preliminary diagnosis presented to the community to ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2003000600018
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00