Effects of spaceflight conditions on fertilization and embryogenesis in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus.

Abstract:

:Calcium loss and muscle atrophy are two of the main metabolic changes experienced by astronauts and crew members during exposure to microgravity in space. Calcium and cytoskeletal events were investigated within sea urchin embryos which were cultured in space under both microgravity and 1 g conditions. Embryos were fixed at time-points ranging from 3 h to 8 days after fertilization. Investigative emphasis was placed upon: (1) sperm-induced calcium-dependent exocytosis and cortical granule secretion, (2) membrane fusion of cortical granule and plasma membranes; (3) microfilament polymerization and microvilli elongation; and (5) embryonic development into morula, blastula, gastrula, and pluteus stages. For embryos cultured under microgravity conditions, the processes of cortical granule discharge, fusion of cortical granule membranes with the plasma membrane, elongation of microvilli and elevation of the fertilization coat were reduced in comparison with embryos cultured at 1 g in space and under normal conditions on Earth. Also, 4% of all cells undergoing division in microgravity showed abnormalities in the centrosome-centriole complex. These abnormalities were not observed within the 1 g flight and ground control specimens, indicating that significant alterations in sea urchin development processes occur under microgravity conditions.

journal_name

Cell Biol Int

authors

Schatten H,Chakrabarti A,Taylor M,Sommer L,Levine H,Anderson K,Runco M,Kemp R

doi

10.1006/cbir.1999.0371

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1999-01-01 00:00:00

pages

407-15

issue

6

eissn

1065-6995

issn

1095-8355

pii

S1065-6995(99)90371-2

journal_volume

23

pub_type

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